• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제40권
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• pp.357-386
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• 2007

현재 통일신라 범종은 한국에 6점, 일본에 5점, 기타 2점 등 총 13점이 알려져 있으며, 이중 3점은 형태추정이 불가능하다. 따라서 형태추정이 가능한 10점을 이용하여 범종의 형식을 구분하고, 이중 운천동 종의 조사 자료를 토대로 기존에 과학적 조사가 이루어진 통일신라 청동범종과의 연계성을 찾아보고 조성비를 중심으로 한 제작기술의 접근을 시도해 보았다. 통일신라 범종의 도상분석은 2가지 형식으로 나누었는데, I형식은 좌우대칭 비천과 정형성의 문양 배치구조를 갖는 전기종의 모습이며, II형식은 좌우비대칭 비천과 비정형성의 문양 배치구조를 띄는 후기종의 모습이다. 특히 운천동(雲泉洞) 종은 9세기 고묘지(光明寺) 종과 매우 흡사한 문양형태를 보이는 후기 종으로, 통일신라주악비천에서 전혀 보이지 않았던 종적(縱笛)을 연주하고 있는 것이 특이할 만하다. 통일신라 범종은 대부분 합금배합구성이 Cu-Sn, Cu-Sn-Ph으로 이루어져 있으며, 8세기와 9세기에 걸쳐 구리, 주석, 납을 골고루 사용하여 주종(鑄鐘)하였고, 고대 중국 "주례(周禮)" "고공기(考工記)"의 청동합금비와 근접하게 나타났다. 특히 운천동 종은 Cu-Sn-Ph-As 구성을 이루고 있으며 통일신라 범종에서 자주 사용되지 않은 As가 검출되어 이에 대한 관련 자료를 제시하였다. As는 Pb사용 성격과 유사하나 재질의 특성상 고온에서 쉽게 휘발되기 때문에 사용상에 어려움이 있으나, 제품을 단단하게 하여 오래 사용할 수 있는 장점이 있다. Ph는 주물의 유동성을 좋게 하여 문양을 잘 표현하게 하고, As는 제품의 강도를 높여줄 수 있다. 납동위원소비 분석결과 구체적 산지추정은 어려웠으나 시료의 분석 결과를 통하여 종 제작에 있어 한 광상의 재료를 사용했다는 근거를 제시할 수 있었다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TE
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.363-369
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• 2002

본 논문은 적응성 뉴로-퍼지 인터페이스 시스템(Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System : ANFIS)과 웨이브렛 변환 다중해상도 분해(multi-resolution Analysis : MRA)을 기반으로 한 웨이브렛 신경망을 가지고 임의의 비선형 함수 학습 근사화를 개선하는 것이다. ANFIS 구조는 벨형 퍼지 소속 함수로 구성이 되었으며, 웨이브렛 신경망은 전파 알고리즘과 역전파 신경망 알고리즘으로 구성되었다. 이 웨이브렛 구성은 단일 크기이고, ANFIS 기반 웨이브렛 신경망의 학습을 위해 역전파 알고리즘을 사용하였다. 1차원과 2차원 함수에서 웨이브렛 전달 파라미터 학습과 ANFIS의 벨형 소속 함수를 이용한 ANFIS 모델 기반 웨이브렛 신경망의 웨이브렛 기저 수 감소와 수렴 속도 성능이 기존의 알고리즘 보다 개선되었음을 확인하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권9호
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• pp.3488-3493
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• 2022

Accelerator driven subcritical systems have long been discussed as facilities which can be used for solving the nuclear waste problem. The physics of these systems is very different from conventional reactors and new techniques had to be developed for reactivity monitoring. One such technique is the Area Ratio Method which studies the response of a subcritical system upon insertion of a large number of neutron pulses. An issue associated with this technique is the spatial dependence of measured reactivity which is intrinsic to the sub criticality of the system since the reactor does not operate on the fundamental mode and measured reactivity depends on the detector position. This is generally addressed by defining Bell-Glasstone spatial correction factor. This factor upon multiplication with measured reactivity gives the correct reactivity which is independent of detector location. Monte Carlo Methods are used for evaluating these factors. This paper presents a complete three dimensional map of spatial correction factors for BRAHMMA subcritical system. In addition, the dataset obtained also helps in identifying detector locations where the correction factor is close to unity, thereby implying no correction if the detector is used at those locations.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 2008

Background: Idiopathic facial nerve palsy, or Bell's palsy (BP), is a common and important disease. Recurrent Bell's palsy has been known as a rare entity with only a few cases in the literature. Methods: A total of 111 consecutive patients with acute BP patients were enrolled at Daegu Catholic University Hospital from July 2005 to March 2007. We classified the patients into two groups - single BP and recurrent BP - and compared them by demographic data, clinical features, MRI findings and prognosis. The degree of BP was graded according to the House and Brackmann facial nerve grading system. Results: Recurrent BP was observed in 10 (9%) patients. The number of recurrence was varied from 2 to 5. The mean age of first attack in recurrent BP was $35.70{\pm}23.65$ years old and was earlier than that of the single BP ($50.94{\pm}16.21$ year). The larger proportion of the single BP had an abnormal enhancement of affected facial nerve (91.3%) than the recurrent BP (50%). The recurrent BP showed worse prognosis than the single BP. The associated conditions, etiology, and clinical features were similar between two groups. Conclusions: In comparison with single BP, recurrent BP showed earlier onset of first BP attack, less frequent abnormal enhancement of facial nerve on MRI, and worse prognosis.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.397-404
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 퍼지와 웨이브렛 변환의 다해상도 분해(MRA)를 가진 퍼지 개념을 이용한 웨이브렛 신경망을 제안하고, 또한 이 시스템을 이용하여 임의의 비선형 함수 학습 근사화를 개선하고자 한다. 여기에서 퍼지 개념은 벨(bell)형 퍼지 소속함수를 사용하였다. 그리고 웨이브렛의 구성은 단일 크기를 가지고 있으며, 퍼지 개념을 이용한 웨이브렛 신경망의 학습을 위해 역전파 알고리즘을 사용하였다. 웨이브렛 변환의 다해상도 분해, 벨형 퍼지 소속 함수 그리고 학습을 위한 역전파 알고리즘을 이용한 이 구조는 기존의 알고리즘보다 근사화 성능이 개선됨을 모의 실험을 통하여 1차원, 2차원 함수에서 확인하였다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2023

This study individually analyzed the effects of Korean Facial Chuna Manual Treatment (K-FCMT) combined with Korean medicine (KM) treatment (acupuncture, electroacupuncture, pharmacopuncture, and herbal medicine) on five patients with acute Bell's palsy who visited Dongsuwon Korean Medicine Hospital between August 1 and 31, 2022. During inpatient treatment, two of the five patients received K-FCMT 5-6 times a week, and the other three received the same frequency during outpatient treatment for approximately 2 weeks. Patients with a House-Brackmann grading scale (HBGS) score of ≤4 and Yanagihara unweighted grading system (Y-score) ≥7-8 began to recover after the 2nd-3rd sessions of K-FCMT, which entered the recovery phase quickly. As patients entered the recovery phase (7-9th sessions of K-FCMT), symptoms improved to HBGS scores of 1-2 and Y-scores of 35-40 points. This study suggests the possibility of applying K-FCMT combined with KM treatment to patients in the acute stage of Bell's palsy.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2023

This study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of facial chuna manual therapy in treating the sequelae of Bell's palsy. Four patients were treated with facial chuna manual therapy once a week for 4 weeks, consisting of facial muscle massage, acupoint pressure, contracture chuna, and synkinesis chuna. The changes in symptoms (contracture and sysnkinesis) were measured using the Sunnybrook Facial Grading Scale (SFGS), Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ), Facial Disability Index (FDI), Contracture/Synkinesis scale using a facial scanning system, Numeric Rating scale (NRS) for synkinesis or contracture, and Was It Worth It questionnaire. After treatments, SFGS, Contracture/Synkinesis scale, and NRS for synkinesis or contracture showed significant improvements. SFGS increased in three cases from 39~76 to 52~85 score. SAQ decreased in two cases from 53.33~57.78 to 40.00~55.56. FDI increased in three cases from 120~128 to 138~145. These results suggest that Korean medicine treatment, including facial chuna manual therapy can be effective in improving the sequelae of Bell's palsy.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제32권7C호
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• pp.644-651
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• 2007

V-BLAST (Vertical Bell Labs Layered Space-Time) 시스템은 다중 안테나를 사용하는 시스템에서 각각의 레이어를 간섭 무효화 및 제거기법을 통하여 추정하기 때문에 간단한 복잡도에 비해 높은 전송률을 가능하게 한다. 본 논문에서는 신호 공간 다이버시티 기법을 적용시킨 V-BLAST 시스템을 제안하고자 한다. 신호 공간 다이버시티 기법의 큰 장점은 신호좌표를 회전시키고 인페이즈 (inphase) 와 쿼드러쳐 (quadrature) 성분을 섞어줌으로서 추가적인 대역폭이나 전송 파워의 상승 없이도 다이버시티 이득을 얻을 수 있다. 모의실험을 통해서, 본 논문에서 제안하는 시스템의 성능이 이상적인 시스템 성능에 비해 0.5dB로 근접함을 보여주고자 한다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.306-309
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• 2005

This parer describes the tracking control simulation of 6-DOF shaking table with a bell crank structure, which converts the direction of reciprocating movements. For the Joint coordinate-based control which uses lengths of each actuator, the trajectory conversion process inverse kinematics is performed. Applying the Newton-Euler approach, the dynamic equation of the shaking table is derived. To cope with nonlinear problems, time-delay control(TDC) is considered, which has been noted for its exceptional robustness to parameter uncertainties and disturbance, in addition to steady-state accuracy and computational efficiency. If the nominal model is equal to the real system, joint coordinate-based control can be very efficient. However, manufacturing tolerances installation errors and link offsets contaminate the nominal values of the kinematic parameters used in the kinematic model of the shaking table. To compensate differences between the nominal model and the real system. the joint coordinate-based control using acceleration feedback in the Cartesian coordinate space is proposed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

Objectives : The 7-zone-diagnostic system is a diagnostic device to predetermine bodily locations by measuring the energy of body. This study was to investigate the relation between the different patterns of Zone 2 of Factor AA in CP-6000A (VEGA, Germany), 7-zone-diagnostic system and the factors of Bell's Palsy. Methods : This study was carried out with the data from factors of Bell's Palsy(age, sex, period after onset, postauricular pain, season which the disease happen, contributing factor). We made three groups according to the different patterns of Zone 2 of Factor AA in CP-6000A. The Factor AA pattern of Group A is that the red bar graph of zone 2 were lower than the normal range. The Factor AA pattern of Group B was that the red bar graph of zone 2 was the normal range. The Factor AA pattern of Group C was that the red bar graph of zone 2 was higher than the normal range. After collecting the data about factors of Bel's Palsy to correspond with conditions of each group were selected, the data was analyzed statistically. Results : The values of number of patient and period after onset of group A was higher than group B and C. The values of ratio of postauricular pain of group B and C was higher than group A. The season of disease happened of group A is spring and winter, group B is winter and group C is summer and autumn. The contributing factor of disease happened of group A is none, and group B and C is stress and clod. Conclusions : In Bell's Palsy, it is thought that the red bar graph of zone 2 is lower, the group have lower energy(虛) and the energy has a character of cold(寒), and zone 2 is higher, the group has the higher energy(實) and the energy has a character of fire(熱).