• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

This paper introduces the design, casting, and sound evaluation results of the Great Bell of 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics. The Olympic Bell was manufactured to announce the opening of the successful Winter Olympics in the world with a grand sound. The bell was designed to the dynamic shape to give a grand and harmonious sound in consideration of the global sports festival. In this study, the performance of the beat making the sound magnificent and the harmony of the bell sound were quantitatively evaluated using acoustical factors. Beat maps were investigated to understand the directivity of the beating sound. The purpose of the research is to present the production technique of a traditional Korean bell that has a dynamic shape and a grand and harmonious sound.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07e
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• pp.2152-2155
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• 2003

Divine bell of king Songdok(3.663m of the height, 2.227m of the diameter, 18,900kg of the weight, 7.7-21.5mm of the thickness), known as the bell of Emille which has been molded in 771 year to the illustrious memory of King Songdok for 34 years is one of culture heritages in the world. Even though the appearance of bell is very beautiful, also the sound of bell was appeared miraculous characteristics of shaking the sky, earth and human. The bell of Emille caused by discontinuous sound in maintaining continuous, strongly emotional sound and moving the mind of human etc, is appeared the 'Macnorlee' phenomenon which having the discontinuous sound in maintaining continuous. So far, it has reasoned out the phenomenon of the bell of Emille. but it was first proved a realized a baby-boiling sound about the bell of Emille according to the comparison and analysis. In this study of bell, we proposed improvement and device of the wooden parts beating the bell why a baby-boiling sound was not heard well as before.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.708-712
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• 2013

The appearance of the Korean bell is exceptional comparing to that of other bells. The sound of the Korean bell is also distinguishable because of its remarkable appearance. The sound of the Korean bell is composed of striking sound and residue sound. This study focuses mainly on the striking sound of the Korean bell. The primary purpose of this study is to suggest a proper sound quality evaluation method for Korean bell. To implement this study, examine the formerly established methods which are method using rating method and method using generally used Psychoacoustics metrics. Also, subjective Sound Quality evaluation was conducted to compare the results of method using rating method and the method using psychoacoustics metrics.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.26 no.A
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• pp.81-88
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• 2006

The Chun-cheon Citizen's Bell was cast in memory of hosting the 2010 world leasure conference and a striking ceremony was held at the city hall on December 31, 2005. In this study, vibration and sound of the bell are measured and the property of the magnificent sound of the bell is scientifically investigated. Frequency components making the sound are identified and how the frequency components decrease with time is observed using waterfall plot(3-dimensional frequency spectrum). Beat characteristics of the hum(1st frequency) and the fundamental(2nd frequency)are examined by experiment. Directivity of the sound radiation of the bell is examined by measuring the vibration and sound in several directions. Duration of the vibration and the sound is estimated using damping ratio.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.3-9
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• 2000

The Bell King Songdok the Great tolls magnificient sound that would be a great vehicle which brings all beings to the Sutras. Since 693, there was a magic flute, MANPASIKJUK, which was in existence in Shilla Dynasty that could lull all the evil-wawes, such an plaques, storms, Droughts, Famines and even Enemies. Thus, a sound tube, MANPASIKJUK, was erected in the crown of the Bell Songdok the Great so as to be effective to emit the nominal frequency tone whenever the Bell tolls for the national prosperity and welfare the People. Therefore, the Bell makers tried to fine the transmissibility condition through the sound tubr, several times during 34 years, However, it seems to be unfinished. Ever since, all of the korean Brahman Bell have the sound tubes of MANPASIKJUK, but none is performed their own functions. Here, one of the way to let the function of the sound tube of MANPASIKJUK out in the Bell Songdok the Great is proposed. There are two steps: the 1st is to elongate 18cm to the present length 77cm to fulfill the transmissibility condition for the nominal frequency of sound is emitted through the corrected sound tybe. 2nd step is to rise to 95% of the emission of the tone of nominal frequency, so that an exponential hem with the flare constant 2.8m-1, length 2.259m and the radius of the mouth 1.772m is to be extended to the corrected sound tube.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.186-193
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• 2017

Silla Great Bell was manufactured in order to ring for the new millennium in succession to King Seongdeok Divine Bell. This study investigates how Silla Great Bell is similar to King Seongdeok Divine Bell in respect of structure and sound. First, design and manufacturing processes are introduced and dimensions of the two bells are compared and the similarity is estimated. Three main characteristics of the sound of a Korean bell are magnificent and harmonic striking sound, dynamic beat, and long lasting hum tone. These three features are compared and objectively estimated using physical parameters. The purpose of the study is to provide useful information to manufacture Korean bell which has beautiful appearance and excellent sound.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.604-607
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• 2014

The Seongdeok Divine Bell(nicknamed "Emile Bell") represents the bell of the Silla dynasty. However, ringing it was stopped since 2003 for the safety of the bell. Currently, Kyungju city is performing a project casting a new great bell(tentatively named "Great Bell of Silla") that inherits the beautiful appearance and the sound of the Seongdeok Divine Bell in order to ring a new coming millenium. The new bell is designed to be almost same as the Seongdeok Divine Bell in terms of size, weight and shape as well as its sound. In this study, we investigate the problems occurring in the design of the bell structure and propose the design strategy for the reconstruction of the traditional large bells.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1983

The presence of the sound tube and resonance cavity is unique in Korea Brahman Bells which is no examples in other country bells in the world. The sound tube erected in the crown is effective to emit the fundamental tone of the bell when the condition of resonant transmissibility is satisfied. The results of our analysis shows that the optimum length of the sound tube in the Bell Emile is 96cm but is not the present length, 77cm. The resonance cavity erected underneath the lip of the Bell Emile is found to be for the resonance of standing waves in the space including both bell cavity and resonance cavity and resonance cavity to the fundamental tone of the bell itself, in order that the strongest vibration can last long by least energy and lengthen the reverberation of the bell. Some historical remarks are also made on the magic flute, MANPASIKJUK, which was in existence in Shilla that can lull all evil waves, such as plagues, storms, droughts, famines and even enemies. The sound tube erected in the crown of the bell was originated in this magic flute. Finally, a strong proposal is advanced on the new national symbol of Korean traditional cultural assets. Indeed, it should be highly recommended that the Great King's Bell Emile would be the only real symbol of our national cultural assets by its own right of excellency and richness in every aspect of arts and sciences.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.822-827
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• 2010

In this study, it is experimentally investigated how bell acoustics are influenced by the internal cavity of the bell and the gap between the bell bottom and the floor. Acoustic transmission function and natural frequency of a test bell are measured and analysed. Experimental study is conducted to evaluated how the resonance effect influences the bell sound and how the bell sound is different according to the striking condition and the measurement direction. Acoustic resonance frequency of the cavity-gap system is predicted by boundary element analysis using SYSNOIS and the validity of the predicted result is verified by experiment. The result of the study could be applied to determine the optimal gap size which makes the bell sound strong and long.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.69-76
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• 2005

To investigate the characteristics of the sound-pipe on the top of King Song-Dok bell, using computer simulation, the throat impedance was evaluated for the straight pipe and conical pipes with varying taper angles. When sound propagates in a rigid walled, unflanged circular pipe with wavelength larger than radius, the acoustic motion is planar, much as in a bar. The incident sound waves are reflected at the end of pipe and some of them are transmitted. The reflection coefficient and radiation impedance of the sound-pipe of King Song-Dok bell were calculated, and the results demonstrated that the high frequency sound is radiated through the sound-pipe. It behaves like a frequency filter.