• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 2003

Stimulus effects of strobe light on jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus were studied by measuring the heart rate change according to the different strobe light intensity of 5~75 lx$\cdot$s. Heart rate was observed for 60 min: 10 min before, 30 min during and 20 min after the strobe light stimulus. The measurement of heart rate was repeated three times at 2 hour intervals. The results showed that the heart rate increased during stimulus but temporarily decreased immediately after ending of stimulus. The heart rate changes in both during and after stimulus were decreased with reducing light intensities. The heart rate change according to the repeated experiment was not remarkably different under the lower light intensity

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.108-117
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• 2003

Objective : The central opioid mechanism of acupuncture analgesia has been fairly well documented in acute behavioral experiments, but little electrophysiological study has been performed on the peripheral mechanism and subtypes of opioid receptors responsible for acupuncture-induced antinociception in chronic animal models. In the present electrophysiological experiment, we studied the peripheral mechanism and opioid receptor subtypes which Were implicated in electroacupuncture-induced antinociception in the rat with chronic inflammatory and neurogenic pain. Methods : In the rat with complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammation and spinal nerve injury, dorsal horn cell responses to afferent C fiber stimulation were recorded before and after electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation applied to the contralateral Zusanli point for 30 minutes. Also studied Were the effects of specific opioid receptor antagonists and naloxone methiodide, which can not cross the blood-brain barrier, on EA-induced inhibitory action. Results : EA-induced inhibitory action was significantly attenuated by naloxone methiodide, suggesting that EA-induced inhibition was mediated through peripheral mechanism. Pretreatment, but not posttreatment of naltrexone and spinal application significantly blocked EA-induced inhibitory actions. In inflammatory and neurogenic pain models, ${\mu}-$ and ${\delta}-opioid$ receptor antagonists (${\beta}-funaltrexamine$ & naltrindole) significantly reduced EA-induced inhibitory action, but ${\kappa}-opioid$ receptor antagonist had weak inhibitory effect on EA-induced antinociception. Conclusion : These results suggest that 2Hz EA-stimulation induced antinoeiceptive action is mediated through peripheral as well as central mechanism, and mainly through ${\mu}-$ and ${\delta}-opioid$ receptors.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.105-114
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• 2016

As the media environment surrounding us has changed rapidly, the influences of traditional media decrease whereas promotions using new media have been developing remarkably, Under this circumstance, cross-media advertising, which strategically integrates advertisements on multiple media, is getting attention as an effective marketing communication approach. This study investigated consumer responses to cross-media advertising using both online and offline media, focusing on the effects of product involvement, attributes of media connection, and gender. The experiment was conducted towards adult consumers aged 20 to 39. Results confirmed that the interaction effect between product involvement and attributes of media connection on brand attitude and behavioral intention was significant by a moderating role of gender. Based on the results from this study, both theoretical and practical implications were discussed, as were directions for future research.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of taping therapy on recovery of behavioral symptoms and neural excitability of the lumbar spinal cord in rat model for ankle sprain. Methods : Adult Sprague-Dawley rats was used and divided into 3 experimental groups: normal group(n=6), ankle sprain(n=6), and ankle sprain with taping treatment(n=6). In order to induce ankle sprain the right ankle joint was injured with 4~5 repetitive over-flexions and over-extensions manually. The severity of joint pain was evaluated by measuring foot weight bearing force ratio(FWBRF) of the hind limb and the injury-induced edema formation by diameter of the joint following ankle sprain. The changes of neural excitability in the lumbar spinal cord was tested by observation of cFos protein expression, a metabolic marker for neural excitation. Results : Severity of ankle injury induced in this experiment coincided with Grade 1 ankle sprain. Compared with ankle sprain group, ankle sprain＋taping showed a significant reductions of joint pain as well as of edema formation at the ankle joint following ankle sprain. There was significant upregulation of cFos-immunoreactive neurons in the lumbar spinal cord 24 hours after ankle sprain. In contrast, taping therapy resulted in significant inhibition of cFos-immunoreactive neurons in the lumbar spinal cord. Conclusions : Collectively, these results suggest that taping therapy may be an alternative therapeutic intervention for symptom recovery of the mild ankle sprain.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 2013

At present, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are the first group of drugs to treat mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although beneficial in improving cognitive and behavioral symptoms, the effectiveness of AChE inhibitors has been questioned since they do not delay or prevent neurodegeneration in AD patients. Therefore, in the present study, in order to develop new and effective anti-AD agents from lichen products, both the AChE inhibitory and the neuroprotective effects were evaluated. The AChE inhibitory assay was performed based on Ellman's reaction, and the neuroprotective effect was evaluated by using the MTT method on injured PC12 cells. One AChE inhibitor ($IC_{50}$ = 27.1 ${\mu}g/ml$) was isolated by means of bioactivity-guided isolation from the extract of lichen-forming fungus Cladonia macilenta, which showed the most potent AChE inhibitory activity in previous screening experiment. It was then identified as biruloquinone by MS, and $^1H$- and $^{13}C$-NMR analyses. The inhibitory kinetic assay suggested that biruloquinone is a mixed-II inhibitor on AChE. Meanwhile, biruloquinone improved the viability of the $H_2O_2$- and ${\beta}$-amyloid-injured PC12 cells at 1 to 25 ${\mu}g/ml$. The protective effects are proposed to be related to the potent antioxidant activities of biruloquinone. These results imply that biruloquinone has the potential to be developed as a multifunctional anti- AD agent.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.55-65
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• 2010

The purpose of this experimental study is to evaluate the seismic performance of a 2 story RC shear wall system by the static reversal loading test. The lower 2 stories of the prototype structure were selected, and the specimens of this study were comprised of a T-type wall with an opening. The specimens were reduced to about 60% of the full scale size and were constructed to measure the result of the experimental variable regarding the existence of a lintel beam. To perform this study, the static repeated loading test was performed. According to the existence or absence of a lintel beam, the structural capacities and behavioral differences of the shear wall system were compared. The test results of this study showed that the specimen with a lintel beam underwent the seismic performance with an ultimate strength and ductility capacity better than the specimen without a lintel beam.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.566-577
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• 2002

As advanced earthquake analysis/design methods such as the nonlinear static analysis are developed, it is required to estimate precisely the cyclic behavior of reinforced concrete members that is characterized by strength, deformability, and capacity of energy dissipation. However, currently, estimation of energy dissipation depends on empirical equations that are not sufficiently accurate, or experiment and sophisticated numerical analysis which are difficult to use in practice.0 the present study, nonlinear finite element analysis was performed to investigate the behavioral characteristics of flexure-dominant RC members under cyclic load. The effects of axial force, arrangement of reinforcing bars, and reinforcement ratio on the cyclic behavior were studied. Based on the investigation, a simplified method to estimate the capacity of energy dissipation was proposed, and it was verified by the comparison with the finite element analyses and experiments. The proposed method can estimate the energy dissipation of RC members more precisely than currently used empirical equations, and it is easily applicable in practice.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.454-461
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• 2003

This study addressed a procedure to carry out an experimental study on a behavior of simple and continuous concrete beams. For this purpose, sample concrete beams were fabricated and sensors for the measurement of strains and deflections were attached both on the surface of the beams and inside them. Two types of sensors were used to measure strains associated with loading: electric resistance strain sensors and fiber optic sensors. Displacement gauges were also attached on the bottoms of beams to investigate the behavior of beams more rationally. The behavior of the beams was then evaluated throughout the results measured from different sensors while they were subject to steady loading up to failure. From results of this study, it was found that concurrent use of sensors and displacement gauges is helpful in investigating the behavior of concrete beams more effectively. Especially, combined-type strain sensors specifically fabricated in this experiment were found not to be affected by the occurrence of cracks so significantly and to be very effective in monitoring strains of concrete structure. It was also observed that beams show nonlinear force-displacement relationship and reinforcing bars take charge of resisting the external force once cracks occur in concrete beams.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.81-96
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to draw up the promoting plan of science preference by survey and analysis of the preference for science of the elementary students. The preference for science is defined theoretically with three categories ; they are emotional response, behavioral response and value establishment. Causal factors of the science preference were composed of individual factor, educational factor and social factor. According to this theoretical model, a questionnaire was developed, and administered to 696 students of 4,5,6 grade of randomly selected eight elementary schools all over the nation. Elementary students liked science, but they didn't want to select their future job in science-technology area. The science preference of boys was higher than that of girls. The science preference of 4th grade students was higher than that of 5th and 6th grade students. Individual factor affected the curiosity. learning interest, subject accomplishment on the science and course selection in life. Educational factor not only directly affected the curiosity. learning interest, value establishment and belief of the science but also indirectly affected the individual factor and social factor. Therefore, educational factor was the most important on the science preference. Social factor only affected the value establishment and belief on the science. Elementary students wanted to team science through experiment and they wanted science to be easier than that of now. On the analysis of result, the promoting plan of the science preference was suggested.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1501-1507
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• 2017

Telepresence in robot assisted learning has preferred low-height, shorter than life-size robotic platforms for reasons such as operational stability, user convenience and psychological comfort in human robot interaction. If, however, the reason for using a telepresence robot is to display the authority of a social superior to a social inferior, one can hypothesize that a robotic platform which reflects real-life height advantage would be better suited for the stated purpose than conventional low-height platforms. In order to test the hypothesis, we examined whether the height of the robot had an effect on an instructor connected to a telepresence robot in robot-assisted learning with regard to controlling a large number of elementary school students. The pre-and post experiment demonstrates that the use of a life-size telepresence robot, compared to a child-size telepresence robot, failed to make a meaningful difference in the instructors' authority being accepted by the students. However, behavioral measures shows that a taller robot has more merits in controlling students.