• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.149-167
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• 1999

This study was designed and carried out to investigate the effect of Assertiveness Training on the stress response and assertive behavior of emergency room nurses from September 22, to December 21. 1997. The subjects were 45 emergency room nurses of three general hospitals of Korea University Medical Center; 25 assigned for the experimental and 20 for the control group. The Assertive Training Program was composed of cognitive training, behavioral training and progressive muscle relaxation. The subjects of the experimental group carried out the 15-minute progressive muscle relaxation according to recorded-tape once a day for 6 weeks. The cognitive and the behavioural training were conducted by the investigator for 5-8 subjects at a time for 9 series, at an interval of 4-5 days. Post-measurement were administered to all sujects in two groups three weeks after the last session. The level of general stress (Cline, 1992), job stress (Kim & Koo, 1984), physiological response to stress (cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine), symptoms of stress (Lee, 1984) and assertive behavior (Kim, 1982) were measured before the first and after the last experiments. Data were analysed by x2, t, paired t, Wilcoxon signed rank tests Wilcoxon rank sums tests. The results are as follows : 1. The level of general stress of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group, however, no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.234) was revealed. 2. A significant reduction of job stress was revealed in the experimental group (P=0.017). 1) A significant reduction of interpersonal conflicts in the experimental group was revealed (P=0.018). 3. The physiological stress-response were analyzed as follows : 1) A decrease of Cortisol in both the experimental and the control groups was noticed, however, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P=0.991). Pre-and post-measurement of the level of Corti sol revealed that a notable decrease in the experimental group and an increase in the control group with no significant difference in the day-day subjects (P=0.765), a significant decrease was noted on the level of Cortisol of the experimental group in the night-night nurses (P=0.036). 2) An increase of Epinephrine in both groups was noticed, however, a difference was not statistically significant between the two groups (P=0.082). Pre-and post-measurement of the level of Epinephrine revealed that a notable decrease in the experimental group and an increase in the control group with no significant difference in the day-day subjects (P=0.136). increases were noted on the level of Epinephrinel of both groups in the night-night nurses (P=0.136), 3) The level of Norepinephrine of the experimental group was significantly decreased (P=0.020). Pre-and post-measurement of the level of Norepinephrine revealed that a notable decrease in the experimental group and an increase in the control group with no significant difference in the day-day subjects (P=0.073). a significant decrease was noted on the level of Norepinephrine of the experimental group in the night-night nurses (P=0.036), 4. Symptoms of stress were reduced in both groups, with no significant differences between the groups (P=0.127). 1) The physical stress symptoms were reduced in both groups, with no significant difference (P=0.386), 2) The cognitive-behavioral stress symptoms were significantly reduced in the experimental group (P=0.037). 3) The emotional stress symptoms were reduced in both groups with no significant difference between the groups (P=0.110). 5. The assertive behavior was significantly increased in the experimental group (P=0.000). This study signified the Assertiveness Training as an effective mean of self intervention for the reduction of stress of nurses assigned to emergency rooms.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether 12-weeks of movement training would increase the psoas major cross-sectional area (CSA) in senior men and women. Fifty eight men and women aged 65 to 80 years old ($69.6{\pm}3.7$, 30 male, 28 female) were divided into a control (n=19) and exercise group (n=39). Subjects were assessed before and after the training program for stature, body mass, and magnetic resonance imaging of the psoas major and the quadriceps muscle. The experimental group performed exercises using machines designed to improve the movement of the hip at a frequency of twice every week, with a total of 23 trainings in 12-weeks. Magnetic resonance images of both thighs and the abdomen and psoas major were obtained, aimed at 50% of the length of the greater trochanter and the lower edge of the femur and between the fourth (L4) and fifth (L5) lumbars. A 9.4% increase in the psoas major CSA in the training group was observed. In the male and female breakdown, a 11.5% and 8.4% change was observed in males and females, respectively. In the quadriceps, there was no significant statistical improvement in either males or females. Furthermore, in the control group, there was no significant change seen in either the psoas major or the quadriceps. As a result of conducting training that enables upkeep of posture and smooth linkage of the lumbar spine, the pelvis and thighbone, the psoas major CSA of older adults were improved in a short period of time. For this reason, the possibility of improving the psoas CSA, which decreases remarkably with increased age, by improving the linkage of the body trunk is also suggested.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.26-45
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• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study is to develop educational goals, training content, and training methods for the intervention course of the Korean Academy of Sensory Integration (KASI) and to conduct competency-based intervention courses based on the competency model for sensory integration intervention. Methods : This study was conducted on work therapists who participated in the 2019 intervention course of KASI. In the first phase, educational needs were analyzed to set goals for the interventional course. In the second phase, a meeting of researchers drafted the intervention course education program and the methods of education, and the intervention course was conducted. In the third phase, the changes in educational satisfaction and performance level pre- and post-intervention course for each competency index were investigated. Results : The educational goals of "learning and applying the clinical reasoning process of sensory integration intervention" and "intervention by applying the principle of sensory integration intervention" were set after reflecting on the results of the analysis of the educational requirements. The length of the competency-based intervention course was 42 hours. The average education satisfaction level of participants in the arbitration process was 4.48±0.73, and the average education satisfaction level of the supervisor was 3.92±0.71. In both groups, the most satisfying curriculums were the data-driven decision-making process and the intervention goal-setting lecture. But the satisfaction level of was the lowest. Before and after the intervention course, there were significant changes in the performance of the two behavioral indicators of the analytic skills in the expertise competency cluster of the competency model. Conclusion : This study is meaningful in that it conducted a survey of educational needs, the development and implementation of an educational curriculum, and an education satisfaction survey through systematic courses necessary for education development.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.178-188
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• 2017

Purpose: We compared the effects of newly developed diode laser (Bison 808 nm Diode laser) on the treatment of peri-implantitis with conventional products (Picasso 810 nm Diode laser) by comparing the surface temperature of titanium disc and bacterial sterilization according to laser power. Materials and Methods: The titanium disc was irradiated for 60 seconds and 1 - 2.5 W using diode laser 808 nm and 810 nm. The surface temperature of the titanium disc was measured using a temperature measurement module and a temperature measurement program. In addition, in order to investigate the sterilizing effect according to the laser power, 808 nm laser was irradiated after application of bacteria to sandblasted large-grit acid-etched (SLA) and resorbable blast media (RBM) coated titanium discs. The irradiated disks were examined with scanning electron microscopy. Results: Both 808 nm and 810 nm lasers increased disk surface temperature as the power increased. When the 810 nm was irradiated under all conditions, the initial temperature rise rate, the descending rate, and the temperature change before and after was higher than that of 808 nm. Disk surface changes were not observed on both lasers at all conditions. Bacteria were irradiated with 808 nm, and the bactericidal effect was increased as the power increased. Conclusion: When applying these diode lasers to the treatment of peri-implantitis, 808 nm which have a bactericidal effect with less temperature fluctuation in the same power conditions would be considered safer. However, in order to apply a laser treatment in the dental clinical field, various safety and reliability should be secured.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.65-74
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• 2013

A research program for the roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) has been set up at the Jeju Experimental Forest of Warm-temperate and Subtropical Forest Research Center in Jeju Island. To explore the home range size and habitat environment, 3 males and 3 females have been captured and released with GPS-CDMA based telemetry since 24th April 2012. Among them 2 females were captured at Hannam Forest of Seoguipo, were pregnant and monitored by the tracking system. There are significantly different patterns in behavior around the parturition. After parturition they show recurrence behavior toward one point in the forest, while they have irregular patterns in moving before. To calculate the home range size, the MCP (minimum convex polygon) and Kernel Method are applied through the extension of ESRI ArcView GIS 3.2a. The pregnant female captured 9th May 2012 has the size of MCP=67ha and Kernel 95%=0.5ha and the pregnant female captured 12th July 2012 has the size of MCP=82ha and Kernel 95%=0.9ha. Although a fawn could move immediately just after the birth likely others to avoid any risks, they stay at very narrow space significantly, and the size become wider when more time goes by. Furthermore, they mainly have a home range away from human activity area such as forest tracking roads. The habitat environment for the parturition is summarized as 40years old cryptomeria forests with new sprouting shrubs for foods, which are the controlled forest through the thinning and removing shrubs 2 years ago. This means that forest works could cause positive results for the parturition and survival of young. The period of parturition is earlier than highland in Jeju Island, the size of home range is narrower than other countries, and the habitat environment of the shelter for a fawn is similar to previous research in other countries.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.2 s.75
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• pp.339-344
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to examine the timing and magnitude of growth spurt in skinfold, body musle and bone related variables aligned on peak height velocity in boys and girls. In the study design, the subjects and the method were used by the cross-sectional investigation. The subjects participated in this study were 7 through 18 years of age belonged to typical primary, junior, senior high school students, and about 250 males and 250 females in each age group. The total subjects were 2,798 males and 2,762 females. All subjects of this study were lived in Pusan metropolitan city, Korea. The growth velocity magnitudes of sum of the four sites sknfold thickness, body musle and bone related variables. Velocity curve chart of physique was the smoothed according to an approximation of splines by the Sigma Plot-2001 graphic program. In this study, age at PHV of girls occurred eariler about 2 years than boys. In sum of four sites skinfold thickness, PV occurred -2 years from PHV in boys, and PV occurred +2 years from PHV in girls, respectively. In humerus breadth, two PV occurred before and after PHV in boys, whereas PV occurred -1 year from PHV in girls, respectively. In femur breadth, PFV and PHV appeared to occure the same time in boys, PV occurred -2 years from PHV in girls, respectively, In arm circumference, PV occurred after PHV in both sexes. In calf circumference, PV occurred +2 years from PHV in boys, PCCV and PHV appeared to occure the same time in girls, respectively. In magnitudes of peak velocity of body height, humerus breadth, femur breadth, arm circumference and calf circumfence, boys obtained higher than girls, on the other hand, girls obtained higher than boys in sum of four sites skinfold variable. we need to longitudinal and scientific investigation by Korean government level in adolescent growth spurt study, because childhood and adolescence achive higher positive physical education effect than the other ages.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.33-49
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the experiences of visitors of Yeonnam-dong during the period covering the development of a linear park, the Gyeongui Line Park. This study used a text mining technique to analyze Naver Blog postings of those who visited Yeonnam-dong from June 2013 to May 2017, divided into four periods -from June 2013 to May 2014, from June 2014 to May 2015, from June 2015 to May 2016 and from June 2016 to May 2017. The keywords used were 'Yeonnam-dong', 'Gyeongui Line' and 'Yeontral Park' and the data was further refined and resampled. A semantic network analysis was conducted on the basis of the co-occurrences of words. The results of the study were as follows. During the entire period, the main experience of visitors to Yeonnam-dong was 'food culture' consistently, but the activities related to 'market', 'browsing', and 'buy' increased. Also, activities such as 'walk', 'play' and 'rest' in the park newly appeared after the construction of the park. Moreover, more diverse opinions about the Yeonnam-dong were expressed on the blog, and Yeonnam-dong began to be recognized as a place where a variety of activities can be enjoyed. Lastly, when the visitors wrote about the theme 'food culture', the scope of the keywords expanded from simple ones, such as 'eat', 'photograph' and 'chatting' to 'market', 'browsing', and 'walk'. The sub-themes that appeared with the park also expanded to various topics with the emergence of the Gyeongui Line Book Street. This study analyzed the change of experiences of visitors objectively with text mining, a quantitative methodology. Due to the nature of text mining, however, the subjective opinions inevitably have been involved in the process of refining. Also, further research is required to assess the direct relationship between these changes and park construction.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.218-227
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• 2019

This study examined the effects of balance taping therapy on improving knee pain and the obstacles to daily activity in rural elderly women. The research design was a quasi-experimental research using a non-equivalent control group pre-test and post-test design. The data were collected from January 19th to April 14th, 2017. The research subjects included female elderly over 65 years old who visited 12 senior centers located at Y city in rural areas. The participants were composed of 26 people in the experimental group and 28 people in the control group. Data were collected before and 24 hours after balance taping therapy, and the pain and obstacles to daily activity were measured. The collected data were analyzed using the PASW Statistics 23 Program, which included a $X^2-test$, Shapiro-Wilk test, and Mann-Whitney U test. After the intervention, significant differences were observed in the knee pain (Z=-6.658, p<.001) and obstacles to daily activity (Z=-3.466, p=.001). With regard to lower domain variables of the obstacles to daily activity, significant differences in standing up (Z=-2.860, p=.004), daily activity (Z=-2.629, p=.009), walking (Z=-3.868, p<.001), and dressing up (Z=-2.049, p=.040) were observed between the two groups. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in grip (Z=-.542, p=.588) and arm stretching (Z=-.416, p=.678). In conclusion, applying balance taping to rural elderly women clearly decreases the level of knee pain, reduces the obstacles to daily activity, and improves their quality of life.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.827-838
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• 2017

Twenty male soccer players volunteered as the experimental subjects. The subjects were randomly assigned to the "Winter training with Cornus officinalis extract intake group"(WCI; n=10) and "Winter training group"(WT; n=10). The variables of blood fatigue substance, muscle damage and liver function where measured in all the subjects before the start of the Cornus officinalis intake after at the end of the 4 weeks winter training. Winter training program was proceeded with 6 days a week for 4 weeks. Exercise intensity was measured using the HRR(70~95%). Changes in the heart rate were also measured with the Polar. WCI group were ingested 80 mL of Cornus officinalis extract after every breakfast and dinner for 4 weeks. The test data were analyzed by paired t-test, and independent t-test(%diff), and the alpha level of p<.05 was set for all tests of significance. Lactate in WCI group had significantly decreased, and the changes between the groups were significantly lower in the WCI group than in the WT group. Ammonia in WCI group had significantly increased. CK in WCI group had significantly decreased. LDH in both group had significantly decreased. AST in WCI group had significantly decreased, and the changes between the groups were significantly lower in the WCI group than in the WT group. ALT in WCI group had significantly decreased. In conclusion, the results of this study show that Cornus officinalis extract seem to have a positive influence on blood fatigue substance, muscle damage and liver function. Therefore Cornus officinalis extract is considered to be able to contribute an ergogenic aids.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of science class using the multimedia materials on high school students' attitude toward science. The subjects were 222 high school students. For this study, 11th graders at a high school were assigned to a comparison group and an experimental group. The experimental group was received science class using multimedia materials for 3 months. The research design was pretest-posttest control group design, the data were analyzed using PASW statistics 18.0 program. The types of multimedia materials used in experimental group were science fiction movies, science documentaries, TV programs, and Power Point presentations created by students. Before and after treatment, the attitude toward science tests were administered. Pre-tests and post-test score differences between 2 groups were analyzed by ANCOVA. The differences of attitude toward science based on gender were compared by analysis of covariance. And the perception on science class with multimedia materials were also investigated. The results of this study were as follows: First, the attitude toward science was improved significantly after applying science classes using multimedia materials. Especially, there were significant difference between pre-test and post-test in the score of attitude toward science class and attitude toward science content which were sub-area of attitude toward science. Second, there was no significant difference between female and male students in total score of attitude toward science. However, the attitude toward science, scientists and society, which was a sub-area of attitude toward science, female students scored significantly higher than male students. Third, 84% student showed a positive perception that the science class enhanced their interest in science. 69% the students responded that we had thought about Science-Technology-Society. Multimedia material types which the students prefered were science fiction movie, science documentaries, science TV programs, respectively.