• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.325-330
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• 2013

The patient's appearance can be dramatically enhanced as a result of orthognathic surgery. However, esthetic contouring of the mandibular body portion is often overlooked in the surgery. Restoring a more beautiful jaw line is important and directly affects surgical results. From December 2010 to February 2012, we performed mandibular body contouring for the slimming of the third lower part of the face in 37 patients who had undergone either 1-jaw surgery or 2-jaw surgery. The third lower part of the facial contour was improved in all the patients after at least 3 months follow-up. Mandibular body contouring is a simple method that can be additionally used for the slimming of the third lower part of the face in patients who require orthognathic surgeries. It makes the lower face look more attractive from both the anterior and lateral perspectives.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1011-1018
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• 2007

This study was conducted to analysis the ecological characteristics of "Wando HolIy"$(llex{\times}wandoensis)$ which is expecting as a possible ornamental tree with its beautiful leaves, flowers and fruits, and to find special breeding material which have particular characteristics and also provide correct environmental information which are required for commercial cultivation. The hill of Galmoon-Ri, Gunoei-Myon, Jeonnam Province, Korea, were reported as a original habitat of native $llex{\times}wandoensis$. The investigation shows that soil pH of native habitat was 6.18, hardness was 2.39, humidity was 38.6%, direction of slope is SSW, and average inclination was $15^{\circ}. The vegetation around $I.{\times}wandoensis$ is occupied by trees like an Quercus variabilis, Q. serrata, Q. acuta and so on. These are mixed forest of deciduous trees. Tree height reached up to about 12m and its coverage is about 30%. Q. salicina, Camellia japonica, I. integra, Cryptomeria japonica account for sub-tree layer. Tree height is around 8m and coverage is about 20%. Shrub layer was taken by Viburnum furcatum, Callicarpa japonica, Styrax japonica, Eurya japonica, Lindera obtusiloba, Ligustrum japonicum, Smilax china, Cornus walteri etc. Tree height reaches around l.2m and coverage is around 20%. Herb layer includes Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium, Cymbidium goeringii, Dryopteris bissetiana, Disporum viridescens, Disporum smilacinum, Sasa borealis var. gracilis etc. Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium, which are observed in southern evergreen zone, are dominant and its coverage is around 20%. The native habitat was in spoiled condition because of artificial thin out.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.341-365
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• 2013

This study attempts to examine the moderating effect of religiosity in the relationship between religion and secular giving behavior (absolute amount and philanthropic effort). For the analysis, this study utilizes 'Giving Korea 2012' by the Beautiful Foundation and employs Tobit regression model. Focusing on giving amount, major findings are that (1) Protestants and Catholics give greater amounts for secular cause than those with no religious affiliation; and (2) interaction between Protestants and religiosity and interaction between Catholics and religiosity have significant relationships with citizens' secular giving amount in a positive direction. Focusing on philanthropic effort (giving amount divided by family income), major findings are that (1) there is no significant relationship between religion types and citizens' philanthropic effort and (2) interaction between Protestants and religiosity and interaction between Catholics and religiosity have significant relationships with citizens'philanthropic effort in a positive direction. This study provides new knowledge foundation on citizens' secular giving behavior and contributes to developing effective fundraising strategies of nonprofit organizations on religion-related donor markets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.90-96
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• 2013

Effects of dietary Scutellaria baicalensis extract (SBE) on growth, feed utilization and challenge test of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were determined. Six hundred thirty fish averaging 5.0 g were distributed into 18, 180-L tanks. Six experimental diets were prepared in triplicate: SBE-0, SBE-0.5, SBE-1, SBE-2, SBE-3 and SBE-5 diets containing SBE at the concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5%, respectively. Fish were hand-fed to apparent satiation twice a day for 8 wks. At the end of 8-wk feeding trial, ten fish from each tank were infected by Edwardsiella tarda for challenge test. Survival and weight gain of fish were not affected by dietary concentrations of SBE. However, specific growth rate of fish fed the SBE-2 diet was higher than that of fish fed the SBE-0, SBE-1, SBE-3 and SBE-5 diets. Neither feed efficiency nor serum chemical composition of fish was affected by dietary concentrations of SBE. The cumulative mortality of fish fed the SBE-0 diet was 100% at 96 h after E. tarda infection, but 77 to 87% for fish fed the other diets. Dietary inclusion of 2% SBE appears to be recommendable to improve specific growth rate of fish and SBE had the potential to mitigate mortality of fish at E. tarda infection.

• CELLMED
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.4.1-4.3
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• 2018

The purpose of this article was to examine the effects of reed pipe music listening on fatigue recovery. A great number of the moderns are suffering from mental and physical exhaustion these days. It was well known for leading to cause various diseases and health problems. A reed pipe is completely natural and a basic instrument. As everyone knows, spending time in nature also helps you feel better and refreshable. From old times, we rested in the bosom of nature. The author think reed pipe music is one of the most beautiful and useful gifts presented by nature to humans. Listening reed pipe music is a good way to value and enjoy the purity of nature. Also, you can find peace and stillness, and relax and rest in the woods. That way, we could feel the throbbing pulse of life in nature and we have gotten some solace and rest from natural healing power. The author think listening reed pipe music is a nice approach to sharing nature, as well as communicating with it. Therefore, the author think listening to reed pipe music is a wonderful way to recovery fatigue and you can truly relax in nature. It will heal us rest and feel better and a reed pipe music is nature-friendly music that gives you relax and heals you to recovery fatigue.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.1 no.2 s.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 2000

Since inorganic pigment, among admixtures used for cement composites, can raise the esthetic value of a building due to its effect of coloring, it can be assumed that the quantity consumed is expected to increase in connection with the recent trend of emphasizing the beautiful sights of the city. We carried out a flow test by changing the mix proportion of the cement mortar mixed with an inorganic pigment, water-cement ratio and pigment mixing ratio in order to present the basic materials for utilizing colored cement mortars. In construction by exploring the effect of inorganic pigments on the workability of cement mortar. In case of red pigment mortar and yellow pigment mortar, the workability was found to be rapidly decreased. To secure proper workability, it is necessary to increase the amount of mixing water, or to use superplasticizer. In case of green pigment mortar, however, it recorded $-2.4{\~}6.9{\%}$, showing that there was almost no change in flow. In case of black pigment mortar, it was also confirmed that there is no need to consider workability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.93-106
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• 2016

The aims of this study are to elucidate the relationship between the luxurious trends of costumes and the importation of Ming's patterned textiles in the $17^{th}$ century, and to analyze the similarity between certain Joseon and Ming fabric patterns. After Imjinwaeran[임진왜란] and Byungjahoran[병자호란], more diverse Joseon textile patterns appeared. Generally, wars lead to a shortage of luxury goods and basic commodities. However, $17^{th}$ century Joseon had an abundance of luxury goods, which allowed even some commoners to have clothing made of Chinese silk. That was the result of free trade between the Koreans and the Chinese merchants in Joseon. Ming's merchants followed the Ming's troops into the Korean Peninsula and targeted Koreans to sell their goods, such as fur coats and fur hats. Free trade between Ming and Joseon took place at Junggang [중강] and Donggangjin [동강진]. Joseon imported Chinese textiles there and resold them to Japanese merchants. Some of the Changgi Chung's excavated fabrics might be an evidence of the import from the Ming. These fabrics had the inscription and were similar to Ming fabrics. It can be assumed that trade occurred between Joseon, China, and Japan, as fabrics found in the countries had similar patterns such as flower, bee, and four seasons, which represented longevity. Furthermore, Chinese fabrics might have triggered Joseon's weaving skills to develop, which led to the ability to weave refined and beautiful brocade satin at Sangbang [상방]. According to Uigwe[의궤], Sangbang could weave silk fabrics in the 1620s and 1630s. The improvement of weaving techniques might make it possible to weave some popular patterns at Sangbang.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.20-33
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• 2011

This study aims to analyze the expressive aspect of men's shirts through examining the characteristics of men's shirts with the trend of men's clothing well represented and considering the image based on high fashion. As a method of study, I have conducted the theoretical study through the literature data, and the content analysis through photographs from S/S collection in 2005 to F/W collection in 2010. Especially, in the recent men's shirts, the materials of glossy silk, wavering chiffon and jersey tend to appear and various images are represented with the tasteful decoration such as ruffle, pin tuck and embroidery together with pastel color. Thus, the result of this study is as follows: Firstly, the masculine and romantic images are researched as the image emphasizing the beautiful and soft masculine beauty which doesn't lose the masculinity even though they are seasonedwith the feminine elements. Soft masculine beauty is emphasized by using romantic image decoration of frills, beads and pin tuck or silk, jersey and openwork materials etc. Secondly, practical fusion images have been studied as the images emphasizing the freshness with practicality through grafting more than two items onto one shirt. Many designs have appeared representing new shapes by grafting more than two items onto one shirt or obscuring the border line between the items. Thirdly, the avant-garde chic images have been researched as the image emphasizing the chick image through representing unique and odd designs by excessively expressing the silhouette in general shapes of shirts. I come. to find that the mainly the designs, emphasizing the uniqueness and the distinction with transformed shapes of sleeves, cuffs and the length of shirts in exaggerated manners, are appearing. Thus, I intend to provide a reference material which will be useful for the newly created design and researches of figurative characteristics in the future fashion.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 2011

This study explores the opportunities for new market of traditional Korean costumes, Hanbok, following not only the consumer's needs and wants, but marketing trends of fashion industry. This paper is the exploratory consumer research of fusion Hanbok, it aims at examining how consumers wear fusion Hanbok. Study participants were limited to mothers who wore Korean-fusion Hanbok to their baby's first birthday party once or more. A total of 221 respondents completed online questionnaires. The results of this study are as follows. First, regarding the reasons of wearing fusion Hanbok is a beautiful and traditional dress although traditional Hanbok is uncomfortable and inconvenient. Second, the most satisfactory aspect of fusion Hanbok was found to be its design. Satisfaction with the color, size and length was also high. Third, most female consumers in their 20s and 30s have stronger preferences for and intentions of purchasing fusion Hanbok. Some people criticize that as fusion Hanbok is westernized in its designs and materials, it has lost the classical beauty and impression of traditional Hanbok. However, if no one routinely wears Hanbok, Hanbok will never be popularized or globalized. This study suggest that traditional Hanbok should be improved by developing effective merchandising strategies based on consumer needs for traditional Hanbok such as various product assortment and promotion strategies using traditional Korean beauty. So, traditional Hanbok could be retained and succeeded in the future by improving consumers' dissatisfactions of traditional Hanbok and creating the new market of traditional Hanbok in which fusion Hanbok are produced focused on consumers' needs and market environments.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.952-959
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• 2012

This study looks into the changes in collar patterns in tailored jackets with different numbers of buttons. The study discusses the pattern design method of tailored colors in 4 different styles, such as the effect of the number of buttons of tailored jackets on collar width and length, lapel width and length, and angle of lapel and overall balance in design. Through the first dress experiment, patterns were adjusted and corrected. The second dress experiment was conducted with the modified experimental clothes. The results of comparison and analysis are as follows. The 1 button tailored jacket was most preferred for its beautiful expression and overall balance of upper color and lapel when its lapel width was 7.5 cm. The second most preferred one was the 2 button tailored jacket with lapel width of 8 cm, and the 3 button jacket showed relatively good balance when its lapel width was 7.5 cm. The 4 button tailored jacket showed a bad balance in collar and button. Also, its overall silhouette was disappointing and thus was less preferred than others. For smaller number of buttons, the angle of lapel's break line increased, thus displaying a more refined and slim silhouette. On the other hand, the angle of lapel's break line decreased for greater number of buttons, thus displaying a dull and fat image. As a result, the jacket with many buttons was less preferred.