• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.58-63
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• 1999

Three kinds of papers were prepared from different beating degree of pulps. Physical and optical properties were examined to elucidate the deterioration mechanism of paper according to beating degrees. Changes of double folds, elongation, water retention value, DP, K/S value and visible, UV region light absorption spectra of those papers treated by UV light were studied. Double folds and brightness were decreased more rapidly by UV treatment with increasing of beating degree. The light absorption rates of pulps in visible and UV region were also increased with change of beating level. The formation of new hydrogen bonds and higher light absorption rate of pulps according to beating induced to absorb and interact with much UV light. These phenomena maybe brought about to accelerate paper deteriortion by UV treatment both optical and physical properties.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 2016

The effects of pulp beating degree and bulky promotor concentration on the properties of handsheet including a bulk and strength have been investigated during manufacturing of low density paper (high bulk paper) with cationic fatty acid bulky promotor. It was found that paper bulk increased with increasing cationic fatty acid bulky agent concentration, while tensile strength decreased. On the other hand the opacity of handseets also increased with increasing cationic fatty acid bulky agent concentration, while brightness decreased slightly. With increasing pulp beating degree, paper bulk as well as tensile strength increased, while opacity decreased. Brightness did not show a significant difference with increasing pulp beating degree. The highest bulk and strength values were observed when 1.5% (SwBKP) and 2% (HwBKP) of bulky promotor was treated into the 450 mL CSF pulp slurry.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.27-32
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• 2013

To improve the physical properties, such as swelling and flexibility, of the cotton fiber, sodium hydroxide or cellulase was used for pretreatment before the beating process. Titanium dioxide was blended during beating process to improve the fibrillation of cotton fibers and even distribution of fillers to cotton fibers. Blending with titanium dioxide during beating process, led to improve the tensile strength and beating degree This treatment also improved the opacity, resulted by well dispersed titanium dioxide during blending. By the blending of titanium dioxide during beating process, similar impact of cotton fiber with cellulase or sodium hydroxide pretreatment was achieved. To improve the tensile strength and opacity of cotton paper simultaneously, titanium dioxide blending in during beating process was found as effective treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 1997

This research has been examined to measure the degree of the fiber damage of ozonenation high yield pulp in the beating process. Ozone treated the TMP(Thermomechanical Pulp) and CTMP(Chemithermomechanical Pulp) of spruce and the CTMP of birch has been beaten to be reached 200ml(freeness) of its content. It had been studied the forming of fiber distribution by treatment for long fiber, short fiber, fine with the above method. As ozone treatment time gets longer, the pulp has showed the tendency of increasing the fiber content of 28, 48mesh. Ozone treated fiber has been increased long fiber content by being added softness. By given longer ozone treatment time, the TMP and CTMP of spruce has showed the decreasing of fiber content. On the contrary, CTMP of birch has showed the increasing its fiber content. It had proved that the results of difference are rather closer to the species of tree than closer to the kinds of pulp. The fiber content of over 200mesh which has created in beating process demonstrates the decreasing of its fiber content by getting longer ozone treatment time. The softness of fiber can be extracted by the lignin of fiber surface that had been formed by ozone treatment. Thus we assume that the fiber in the process of beating obtains less physical damage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.99-106
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• 2000

In order to investigate the applicability of lyocell fiber to filter paper, papper sheets were manufactured with the addition of lyocell fibers in various length(1.5 denier: 2, 3, 4mm) and content(10, 30, 50%) and their physical characters, such as fibrilation rate, adsorption efficiency of methylene blue(MB), paper formation, and crimping ability, etc, were tested. The level of main fibrilation from lyocell fiber was higher in wet beating process than that in free beating because of the higher strength of lyocell fiber compared with wood fiber. Fibrilation could be observed at the degree of beating over 30$^{\circ}$ SR in wet beating with Valley beater. The air permeability and tear factor of the paper increased and the paper formation index decreased according to the increase of fiber length. The weak binding force of lyocell fiber in spite of its higher fiber strength, might be a limitng factor in addition of lyocell fiber to the natural wood pulp in manufacturing the paper having the needed physical properties. High contents of wood pulp decreased air permeability, the breaking length, tear factor, the bursting strength, and paper formation index in paper sheets. As the contents of lyocell increased from 10% to 100%, the adsorption efficiency of MB was elevated to 1.7-7.9 times compared with that in 100% wood pulp. But the length of lyocell fiber did not affect the MB adsorption.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.197-209
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• 2016

The Spacecraft (S/C) numerical sine test-predictions are usually performed through Finite Element Method (FEM) Frequency Response Analysis (FRA), that is the hypothesis of steady-state responses to harmonic excitation to the S/C base is made. In the test practice, the responses are transient and may be significantly different from those predicted through FRA. One of the most significant causes of discrepancy between prediction and test consists in the beating phenomena. After a brief overview of the topic, the typical causes of beating are described in the first part of the paper. Subsequently, focus is made on the sine sweep rate effect, which often leads to have beatings after the resonance of weakly damped modes. In this work, the approach illustrated in the literature for calculating the sine sweep rate effect in the case of Single-Degree-Of-Freedom (SDOF) oscillators is extended to Multi-Degrees-Of-Freedom (MDOF) systems, with the aim of increasing the accuracy of the numerical sine test-predictions. Assumptions and limitations of the proposed methodology are detailed along the paper. Several assessments with test results are discussed and commented.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.211-224
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• 1989

10. Three major factors, freeness, filler and blend ratio that exercised considerable influence on physical properties of cigarette papers were chosen for the sake of their optimization at this experiment. An optimization of those above factors in paper manufacturing was investigated using response surface analysis. Optimum beating degree for Kenaf, Flax and NBKP showed around 72。SR, 68。SR and 85 SR, respectively, in considering of five quality index such as porosity, tensile strength, stretch, whiteness and opacity. The best blending ration of reciprocal pulps treated under optimum beating degree were diversified and combination scope of the bast fiber (Kenaf, Flax) to the NBKP was range from 30% to 65% in case of the Kenaf, from 25 to 40% in Flax at the same receipe. The optimum range of calcium carbonate content revealed 25%~30% in Kenaf mixed NBKP and 24%~31% in Flax mixed NBKP.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.449-454
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• 2001

The shock performance of hard disk drives has been a serious issue for portable computers and AV application HDD. Focusing on the motion of an actuator, we investigated non-operational shock mechanism and studied several parameters that affect the shock performance by experimental analysis. It was found that there are two important factors fort the actuator to endure high shock revel. One is a shock transmissibility and the other is a beating between the arm blade and the suspension. To generalize the shock transmissibility, the concept of shock response spectrum was introduced. The shock response spectrum of the actuator system was obtained experimentally and compared with that of an analytical single degree of freedom model. It was found that there was a good agreement. The first bending natural frequency of the arm blade was found to be the most important factor for the low shock transmissibility. By applying the shock response spectrum and avoiding the beating, we could design an actuator of high shock performance.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 1999

To increase the strength properties of recycled fiber, especially OCC (Old Corrugated Container) in this study, we used the mechanical pretreatment on the fibers before refining. The mechanical action in the Hobart mixer induced high shear and compression on the fibers, which resulted in the breakdowns of fiber internal structure, and microcompressions on the surface of the fibers. We evaluated the degree of mechanical treatment by fiber curl index. Four different refining techniques were applied to the pretreated fibers (Valley beater, Kady mill, PFI mill, and Impact refining) to find the best combination of the pretreatment and the refining methods. Conclusions were summarized as followed. 1. In keeping the fiber length from shortening, Kady mill and PFI mill refining were effective. Kady mill and Valley beater application tended to straighten out the fiber shapes. 2. Valley beating increased the breaking length of the handsheets better than other methods, while lowering the tear strength most. The mechanical pretreatment increased breaking length about 10% in average irrespective of four different refining methods. 3. Tear strength was increased by the mechanical pretreatment and by the PFI mill refining. 4. Burst strength was increased by the mechanical pretreatment and by valley beating method. 5. In increasing the breaking length and burst strength while keeping tear strength, combination of mechanical pretreatment and Valley beating were most effective.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.56-63
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• 2013

In this study, paper mill applicability of two kinds of cotton pulps which have different initial freeness, fiber length and intrinsic fiber strength were investigated. Basic properties such as CED viscosity, fiber length, and crystallinity of major two kinds of cotton pulps were analyzed, and beatability of cotton pulps and physical properties of handsheet made from two kinds of cotton pulps were compared. Laboratory beating was performed at different refining conditions such as refining loads and freenesses. Relationship between beating degree and physical properties of handsheet were compared to seek optimum condition of refining for different cotton pulps application to paper mill.