• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 2003

Numerous studies of short-term, beat-to-beat variability in cardiovascular signals have used linear analysis techniques. However, no study has been done about the appropriateness of linear techniques or the comparison between linearities and nonlinearities in short-term, beat-to-beat variability. This paper aims to verify the appropriateness of linear techniques by investigating nonlinearities in short-term, beat-to-beat variability. We compared linear autoregressive moving average(ARMA) with nonlinear neural network(NN) models for predicting current instantaneous heart rate(HR) and mean arterial blood pressure(BP) from past HRs and BPs. To evaluate these models. we used HR and BP time series from the MIMIC database. Experimental results indicate that NN-based nonlinearities do not play a significant role and suggest that 10 technique provides adequate characterization of the system dynamics responsible for generating short-term, beat-to-beat variability.

• MALSORI
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• no.39
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• pp.25-42
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• 2000

In this paper, I have shown how to associate a musical beat with a note within the framework of Optimality Theory. And the following hierarchy of constraints is suggested to associate a sub-beat with a note. Alternation Sub-beat CCC Head $\gg$ Beat-to-Note $\gg$ Note-to-Beat EQ-Beats Smaller Note Furthermore, I have tried to explain Sprung Rhythm with a musical beat system. I have suggested the following hierarchy for Sprung Rhythm. Head $\gg$ SCSR Using a sub-beat on the basis of Head $\gg$ SCSR shows the abrupt change of Sprung Rhythm well.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.1169-1176
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• 2002

Analytical model of beat response is derived on a slightly asymmetric ring and is veryfied by experiment. The asymmetric ring is a simplified model used to explain the beat property of a Korean bell. The asymmetric ring has mode pair having slight frequency difference in each radial mode. Each mode pair produces beat phenomenon by the interaction of the two close frequency components. Based on the analytical model, beat maps are first proposed and characteristics of beat on the circumference are detaily explained.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.626-636
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• 2003

The beat distribution property of the King Seong-deok Divine Bell is investigated by experiment and analysis. The beat map method is proposed to explain the beat distribution property on the circumference of the bell. For the analytical investigation, an analytical model of the vibration beat is derived on a slightly asymmetric shell of revolution by using the modal expansion method. In the analytical method, the beat map can be drawn only if the modal parameters of the bell are obtained. The analytical beat model is applied to draw the beat map of the King Seong-deok Divine Bell. The validity of the analytical method is verified by comparing the analytical beat maps with the experimental results. This paper proposes a visualization method of the beat and theoretically identifies the reason why the clear and unclear beats repeat periodically along the circumference of the bell and how the striking position influences the beat distribution property.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2012.04a
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• pp.929-932
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• 2012

Beat map shows the distribution property of the beating sound in the bell structure. Using the beat map, beat control and beat estimation are available. To draw the beat map, mode pair parameters of the bell are required. However, in case of large bell which is struck by a heavy wooden hammer, it is very difficult to measure the excitation force and to obtain the mode pair parameters. In this paper, we determined the mode pair parameters of the bell from the transmissibility between the roving signal and reference signal, using ODS(operational deflection shape) method. The mode pair data are input to the theoretical model of the beat response and beating waves are generated on the bell circumference. All the numerical and beat map drawing procedures are automatized using Matlab. Finally, the reliability of the beat map generated by the program is verified.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.217-225
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• 2002

The authors examined the response of electrocardiogram(ECG) of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus [Linnaeus] to light stimuli. The experiments were performed in such a way that three levels of light stimuli(10, 100 and 400 lu$\chi$) were given to fishes with an electrode inserted into their bodies and then their ECGs were recorded continuously for 60 minutes in 16~18$^{\circ}C$. The results which are divided into by day and by night and then analyzed by fishes' conditions are as follows; 1. Nile tilapias reached a stable condition 3 minutes after anesthesia. In stable condition, the heart rate average was 47.6beat/min by day and 45.1beat/min by night. And the action potential average was 1.0.4$mutextrm{V}$ by day and 1.24$mutextrm{V}$ by night. 2. The heart rate average by three levels of light stimuli was, \circled1 In stimulus condition, in case of 10 lu$\chi$ 39.7beat/min by day and 38.2beat/min by night, in case of 100 lu $\chi$8.7beat/min by day and 36.9beat/min by night, and in case of 40.0. lux 36.8 beat/min by day and 35.8beat/min by night. \circled2 In recovery condition, in case of 10 lu$\chi$ 47.1beat/min by day and 46.0beat/min by night, in case of 100 lu$\chi$ 47.2beat/min by day and 45.6 beat/min by night, and in case of 400 lu$\chi$ 48.1beat/min by day and 46.6beat/min by night. 3. The action potential average by three levels of light stimuli was, \circled1 In stimulus condition, in case of 10 lu$\chi$ 1.22$mutextrm{V}$ by day and 0.71$mutextrm{V}$ by night, in case of 100 lu$\chi$ 0..63$mutextrm{V}$ by day and 0.90$mutextrm{V}$ by night, and in case of 400 lu$\chi$ 1.39$mutextrm{V}$ by day and 1.63$mutextrm{V}$ by night \circled2 In recovery condition, in case of 10 lu$\chi$ 1.26$mutextrm{V}$ by day and 1.59$mutextrm{V}$ by night, in case of 100 lu$\chi$ 2.63$mutextrm{V}$ by day and 3.65$mutextrm{V}$ by night, and in case of 400. lu$\chi$ 2.52$mutextrm{V}$ by day and 3.67$mutextrm{V}$ by night.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.124-132
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• 2001

The authors examined the response of electrocardiogram (ECG) of Mirror carp, Cyprinus carpio [Linnaeus] to light stimuli. The experiments were performed in such a way that three levels of light stimuli (10, 100, and 400 lux) were given to fishes with an electrode inserted into their bodies and then their ECGs were recorded continuously for 60 minutes. The results which are divided into by day and by night and then analyzed by fishes conditions are as follows : 1. Mirror carps reached a stable condition 5 minutes after anesthesia. In this condition, the average heart rate was 64.9 beat/min by day and 65.3 beat/min by night. And the average action potential was 36.9 nV by day and 32.9 nV by night. 2. The average heart rate by three levels of light stimuli was, 1) In a stimulus condition, in case of 10 lux 68.7 beat/min by day and 46.0 beat/min by night, in case of 100 lux 53.4 beat/min by day and 44.1 beat/min by night, and in case of 400 lux 53.2 beat/min by day and 40.1 beat/min by night. 2) In a recovery condition, in case of 10 lux 67.9 beat/min by day and 57.2 beat/min by night, in case of 100 lux 68.8 beat/min by day and 61.0 beat/min by night, and in case of 400 lux 69.6 beat/min by day and 63.6 beat/min by night. 3. The average action potential by three levels of light stimuli was, 1) In a stimulus condition, in case of 10 lux 59.1 nV by day and 24.0 nV by night, in case of 100 lux 26.8 nV by day and 45.6 nV by night, and in case of 400 lux 71.7 nV by day and 14.4 nV by night. 2) In a recovery condition, in case of 10 lux 38.8 nV by day and 27.3 nV by night, in case of 100 lux 29.0 nV by day and 39.3 nV by night, and in case of 400 lux 66.4 nV by day and 21.4 nV by night.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.278-283
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• 2002

The response of electrocardiogram(ECG) of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus [Linnaeus] was studied to the electric stimulus which was given to a certain part of body The experiments were performed in such a way that three levels of electric stimulus (20, 30, 40 Vp ； 10 msec) were given to fishes with electrode inserted into their bodies and then their ECGs were recorded continuously for 60 minutes in the water temperature of 16~18$^{\circ}C$ The results of the experiments were divided by day and night, and then were analyzed by experimental conditions as follows; 1. Nile tilapia reached a stable condition within 3 minutes after the electrode inserted into their bodies during anesthesia. In stable condition, the heart rates average was 45.8 beat/min during daytime and 45.0 beat/min at night. The action potentials average was 1.76 $mutextrm{V}$during daytime and 1.75 $mutextrm{V}$ at night. 2. The heart rates average by three levels of electric stimulus were \circled1 In the stimulus condition, the heart rates were 34.9 beat/min during daytime and 33.4 beat/min at night for the 20 Vp level, 36.8 bea/min during daytime and 36.0 beat/min at night for the 30 Vp level, and 38.0 beat/min during daytime and 36.4 beat/min at night for the 40Vp level. \circled2 In the recovery condition, the action potentials were 45.5 beat/min during daytime an 45.1 beat/min at night for the 20Vp level, 47.9 beat/min during daytime and 49.0 beat/min at night for the 30Vp level, and 51.4 beat/min during daytime and 50.7 beat/min at night for the 40Vp level 3. The action potentials average by three levels of electric stimulus were, \circled1 In the stimulus condition, action potentials were 2.54 $mutextrm{V}$ during daytime and 2.39 $mutextrm{V}$ at night for the 20 Vp level, 3.30 $mutextrm{V}$ during daytime and 2.30 $mutextrm{V}$ at night for the 30 Vp level and 6.05 $mutextrm{V}$ during daytime and 3.23 $mutextrm{V}$ at night for the 40 Vp level. \circled2 In the recovery condition, action potentials were 1.92 $mutextrm{V}$ during daytime and 1.95 $mutextrm{V}$ at night for the 20 Vp level and 2.78 $mutextrm{V}$ during daytime and 2.21 $mutextrm{V}$ at night for the 30Vp level and 3.6 0 $mutextrm{V}$ during daytime and 2.98 $mutextrm{V}$ at night for the 40 Vp level.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.685-693
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• 2002

Analytical model of beat response is derived on a slightly asymmetric ring and the model is veryfied by experiment. The asymmetric ring is a simplified model used to explain the beat property of a Korean bell. The asymmetric ring has mode pairs having slight frequency difference in each radial mode. Each mode pair produces beat phenomenon by the interaction of the two close frequency components. Based on the analytical model, beat maps are first proposed and characteristics of beat on the circumference are detaily explained.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1170-1176
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• 2008

In this study, we propose a new method to control both the beat clarity and beat period in a ring structure. An equivalent ring which satisfies the measured mode condition is determined by using the equivalent ring theory. Theoretical analysis and finite element analysis on the equivalent ring are performed to investigate the effect of the local structural modification on the beat clarity and beat period. Beat clarity and period are improved by attaching asymmetric mass or decreasing local thickness. Through the analysis on the equivalent ring, the proper position and the amount of the local variation are determined to satisfy the required clarity and period condition. All the analysis results are compared and verified by the experiment.