• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.230-235
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• 2005

목적: Siemens사 선형가속기에 장착된 가상쐐기를 이용하여 반대측 유방에 흡수되는 선량을 기존쐐기와 비교 연구하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 반대측 유방선량을 인체모형에서 이극진공관을 사용하여 측정하였다. 이극진공관을 조사영역의 내측 경계선으로부터 반대쪽 외측방향으로 5.5 cm (1번 위치), 9.5 cm (2번 위치), 14 cm (3번 위치) 떨어진 곳에 위치하였다. 6 MV X-선을 이용하여 50도와 230도에서 $17{\pm}10cm$의 비대칭조사영역을 사용하여 접면 조사를 실시하였다. 첫번째 실험은 4가지의 치료방법을 시도하였다; (i) 개방 내측조사와 30도 기존쐐기를 사용한 외측조사; (ii) 15도 기존쐐기를 사용한 내측 및 외측조사; (iii) 개방 내측조사와 30도 가상쐐기를 사용한 외측조사; (iv) 15도 가상쐐기를 사용한 내측 및 외측조사. 두번째 실험은 개방조사, 15도 및 60도 기존쐐기 및 가상쐐기 모두를 사용하여 내측조사를 시행하였으며, 이때 동일한 모니터단위로 조사하였다. 모든 실험은 3회 반복되었다. 결과: 첫번째 실험은 반대측 유방선량은 1번 위치, 2번 위치, 3번 위치의 순으로 감소한다. 또한 기존쐐기 및 가상쐐기와 무관하게 내측에 쐐기를 사용한 경우($3.25{\pm}1.59%$)보다는 사용하지 않은 경우(2.70{\pm}1.45%$) 선량이 낮았고, 이러한 차이는 가상쐐기($0.10{\pm}0.01%$)보다 기존쐐기($0.99{\pm}0.18%$)의 경우 더 컸다. 가상쐐기의 사용은 같은 기법의 기존쐐기를 사용한 것에 비해 처방선량 대비 $0.12{\sim}1.20%$의 반대측 유방선량을 감소시켰다. 두번째 실험시 1번 위치에서는 개방빔, 가상쐐기, 기존쐐기 순으로 선량이 높았으며, 2, 3번 위치에서는 기존쐐기, 개방빔, 가상쐐기 순으로 선량이 높았다. 결론: Siemens사 선형가속기에 장착된 가상쐐기를 사용할 경우 반대측 유방선량을 줄일 수 있으며, 위치에 따른 선량분포는 Varian사 것과 차이가 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1940-1951
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• 1999

In this paper, the equations of motion of a Bernoulli-Euler cantilever beam fixed on a moving cart and carrying a lumped mass concentrated at an arbitrary position along the beam is derived. The motion of the beam-mass-cart system is analyzed through unconstrained modal analysis, and a unified characteristic equation for calculating the natural frequencies of the system is obtained. The changes of natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes with respect to the changes in mass ratios of the system and to the concentrated position of the lumped mass are investigated with the frequency equation, which can be generally applied to this kind of systems. The exact and assumed-mode solutions including the dynamics of the base cart are obtained, and the open-loop responses of the system by arbitrarily designed forcing function are given by numerical simulations. The results match well with physical phenomena even at the extreme cases where the concentrated mass is attached to the bottom and to the top of the beam.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.1360-1365
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• 2006

In this paper the vibration analysis of cantilever beams having a concentrated tip mass and an open crack are performed. The influences of a concentrated tip mass, the crack depth, and the crack position on the natural frequencies of the cracked cantilever beam are investigated by a numerical method. The cracked cantilever beam is modeled based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The flexibility due to crack is calculated using a fracture mechanics theory. The crack is assumed to be opened during the vibrations. The results obtained by the present method were compared with experimental results to verify the theory. As inspected, as the crack depth and the concentrated tip mass increase, the natural frequencies of the beam decrease. In general, the natural frequencies of the cantilever beam are more sensitive to the depth of the crack than the position of the crack.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.415-420
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• 2009

This paper presents a position tracking control of a flexible beam using the piezoelectric actuator. This is achieved by implementing both feedforward hysteretic compensator of the actuator and PID feedback controller. The Preisach model is adopted to develop the feedforward hysteretic compensator. In the design of the compensator, estimated displacement of the piezoceramic actuator is used on the basis of the limiting triangle database that results from collecting data of the main reversal curve and the first order ascending curves. Experimental implementation is conducted for position tracking control and performance comparison is made between a PID feedback controller without considering the effect of hysteresis, and a PID feedback controller integrated with the feedforward hysteretic compensator.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.599-604
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• 2002

Substructures position is considered as design parameter to obtain optimal structural changes to raise its dynamic characteristics. In conventional SDM (structural dynamics modification) method, the layout of modifying substructures position is first fixed and at that condition the structural optimization is performed by using the substructures size and/or material property as design parameters. But in this paper as a design variable substructures global translational and rotational position is treated. For effective structural modification the eigenvalue sensitivity with respect to that design parameter is derived based on measured frequency response function. The optimal structural modification is calculated by combining eigenvalue sensitivities and eigenvalue reanalysis technique iteratively. Numerical examples are presented to the case of beam stiffener optimization to raise the natural frequency of plate.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2014년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.693-695
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• 2014

PET와 같이 방사선 진단에 사용되는 방사성동위원소는 사이클로트론을 이용해 생산된다. 이러한 방사성동위원소는 사이클로트론에서 인출되는 양성자 빔의 크기와 모양, 그리고 타겟에 조사되는 위치에 따라 생산 수율에 영향을 받는다. 이에 빔 손실을 개선하기 위한 빔의 분포를 측정하는 장치를 개발하고자 한다. 빔 측정 장치는 두 개의 와이어가 수직으로 교차하여 이동하면서 빔 전류를 측정한다. 이는 각 위치에서의 빔 전류 값을 이용하여 와이어의 위치 정보와 빔의 크기와 형태를 알 수 있다. 입사된 빔의 단면을 X축 Y축으로 스캔하면서 얻은 빔 데이터를 2차원 그래프로 출력시키고 측정한 결과 값을 분석한다. 이렇게 측정한 결과를 문서화하여 저장할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.277-288
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• 2017

Objective: Treating Class II subdivision malocclusion with asymmetry has been a challenge for orthodontists because of the complicated characteristics of asymmetry. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of dental and skeletal asymmetry in Class II subdivision malocclusion, and to assess the relationship between the condyle-glenoid fossa and first molar. Methods: Cone-beam computed tomographic images of 32 patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion were three-dimensionally reconstructed using the Mimics software. Forty-five anatomic landmarks on the reconstructed structures were selected and 27 linear and angular measurements were performed. Paired-samples t-tests were used to compare the average differences between the Class I and Class II sides; Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used for analyzing the linear association. Results: The faciolingual crown angulation of the mandibular first molar (p < 0.05), sagittal position of the maxillary and mandibular first molars (p < 0.01), condylar head height (p < 0.01), condylar process height (p < 0.05), and angle of the posterior wall of the articular tubercle and coronal position of the glenoid fossa (p < 0.01) were significantly different between the two sides. The morphology and position of the condyle-glenoid fossa significantly correlated with the three-dimensional changes in the first molar. Conclusions: Asymmetry in the sagittal position of the maxillary and mandibular first molars between the two sides and significant lingual inclination of the mandibular first molar on the Class II side were the dental characteristics of Class II subdivision malocclusion. Condylar morphology and glenoid fossa position asymmetries were the major components of skeletal asymmetry and were well correlated with the three-dimensional position of the first molar.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the coordinates of anatomical landmarks on cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images in varied head positions before and after reorientation using image analysis software. Materials and Methods: CBCT images were taken in a normal position and four varied head positions using a dry skull marked with 3 points where gutta percha was fixed. In each of the five radiographic images, reference points were set, 20 anatomical landmarks were identified, and each set of coordinates was calculated. Coordinates in the images from the normally positioned head were compared with those in the images obtained from varied head positions using statistical methods. Post-reorientation coordinates calculated using a three-dimensional image analysis program were also compared to the reference coordinates. Results: In the original images, statistically significant differences were found between coordinates in the normal-position and varied-position images. However, post-reorientation, no statistically significant differences were found between coordinates in the normal-position and varied-position images. Conclusion: The changes in head position impacted the coordinates of the anatomical landmarks in three-dimensional images. However, reorientation using image analysis software allowed accurate superimposition onto the reference positions.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2017

Purpose: The classification of impacted maxillary third molars(IMTMs) facilitates interdisciplinary communication and helps estimate the degree of surgical difficulty. Thus, this study aimed to develop a 3-dimensional classification of the position and depth of impaction of IMTMs and to estimate their prevalence with respect to gender and age. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study analyzed images in sagittal and coronal cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) sections of 300 maxillary third molars. The proposed classification was based on 3 criteria: buccolingual position (buccal, lingual, or central), mesial-distal position (mesioangular, vertical, or distoangular), and depth of impaction (low, medium, or high). CBCT images of IMTMs were classified, and the associations of the classifications with gender and age were examined using analysis of variance with the Scheffe post-hoc test. To determine the associations among the 3 classifications, the chi-square test was used (P<.05). Results: No significant association of the classifications with gender was observed. Age showed a significant relationship with depth of impaction (P=.0001) and mesial-distal position (P=.005). The most common positions were buccal(n=222), vertical(n=184), and low (n=124). Significant associations among the 3 tested classifications were observed. Conclusion: CBCT enabled the evaluation of IMTMs in a 3-dimensional format, and we developed a proposal for a new classification of the position and depth of impaction of IMTMs.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.365-373
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• 2022

Purpose: This study investigated whether the relationship between the maxillary sinus and the root of the maxillary premolar is correlated with the root position and whether there is a difference in the long axis angle of premolars and the buccal bone thickness according to the sinus-root relationship and root position. Materials and Methods: Cone-beam computed tomographic images of 587 maxillary first premolars and 580 second premolars from 303 patients were retrospectively reviewed. The maxillary sinus floor-root relationship was classified into 4 types, and the root position in the alveolar bone was evaluated as buccal, middle, or palatal. The long axis angle of the maxillary premolars in the alveolar bone and the buccal bone thickness were measured. The correlation between these parameters was analyzed. Results: The maxillary sinus floor-root relationship showed a statistically significant correlation with the root position in the alveolar bone. Most maxillary first premolars were buccally located, and more than half of the second premolars had their roots in the middle. The long axis angle of the premolars was significantly larger in buccal-positioned teeth than in middle-positioned teeth, and the buccal bone was thinner. Conclusion: When the root of the maxillary premolar was separated from the sinus floor, the premolar was often located on the buccal side. Most of the maxillary first premolars had a thinner buccal bone and larger inclination than the second premolars. It is recommended to evaluate the root position, sagittal angle and buccal bone thickness using CBCT for implant treatment planning.