• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.11-17
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• 2021

This paper describes the time rate of change of dynamic response of a cantilever beam inserted with a damping element, such as bonding, which is excited under a general force at various locations. A sensitivity analysis was performed in a finite element model to show that two types of second-order algebraic governing equations were used to predict the rate of change of dynamic displacement: one is related to the modal coordinate linked to a physical coordinate, and the other to the design parameter of the time rate of change of displacement. The sensitivity differential equation formulation includes more complicated terms compared with that of the undamped cantilever beam. The sensitivities of the dynamic response were observed by changing the location of the excitation force, displacement extraction, and cross-sectional area of the beam. The analytical results obtained by this suggested theory showed a relatively good agreement when compared with those obtained using the commercial finite element program. The suggested analysis procedure enables the prediction of the response sensitivity for any finite element model of the dynamic system.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.281-298
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• 2013

Composite special moment frame is one of the systems that are utilized in areas with low to high seismicity to deal with earthquake forces. Composite moment frames are composed of reinforced concrete columns (RC) and steel beams (S); therefore, the connection region is a combination of steel and concrete materials. In current study, a three dimensional finite element model of composite connections is developed. These connections are used in special composite moment frame, between reinforced concrete columns and steel beams (RCS). Finite element model is discussed as a most reliable and low cost method versus experimental procedures. Based on a tested connection model by Cheng and Chen (2005), the finite element model has been developed under cyclic loading and is verified with experimental results. A good agreement between finite element model and experimental results was observed. The connection configuration contains Face Bearing Plates (FBPs), Steel Band Plates (SBPs) enveloping around the RC column just above and below the steel beam. Longitudinal column bars pass through the connection with square ties around them. The finite element model represented a stable response up to the first cycles equal to 4.0% drift, with moderately pinched hysteresis loops and then showed a significant buckling in upper flange of beam, as the in test model.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.226-232
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• 2000

This paper develops a finite element model for studying the crashworthiness analysis of a mid-size truck. A simulation for a truck frontal crash to a rigid barrier using the model is performed with PAM-CRASH installed in super computer SP2. Full vehicle model is composed of 86467 shell elements, 165 beam elements and 98 bar elements, and 86769 nodes. The model uses four material model such as elastic, elastic-plastic(steel), rigid and elastic-plastic(rubber) material model which are in PAM-CRASH. Frame and suspension system are modeled with 28774 shell elements and 31412 nodes. Cab is modeled with 34680 shell elements and 57 beam elements, and 36254 nodes. Bumper is modeled with 2262 shell elements, and 2508 nodes. Axle, steering shaft, etc are modeled using beam or bar elements. Mounting parts are modeled using rigid bodies. Bodies are interconnected using nodal constrains or joint options. To verify the developed model, frontal crash test with 30mph velocity to a rigid barrier is carried out. In the crash test, vehicle pulse at lower part of b-pillar is measured, and deformed shapes of frame and driver seat area are photographed. Those measured vehicle pulse and photographed pictures are compared those from the simulation to verify the developed finite element model.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.371-388
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• 2021

A novel flexibility-based beam-foundation model for inelastic analyses of beams resting on foundation is presented in this paper. To model the deformability of supporting foundation media, the Winkler-Pasternak foundation model is adopted. Following the derivation of basic equations of the problem (strong form), the flexibility-based finite beam-foundation element (weak form) is formulated within the framework of the matrix virtual force principle. Through equilibrated force shape functions, the internal force fields are related to the element force degrees of freedom. Tonti's diagrams are adopted to present both strong and weak forms of the problem. Three numerical simulations are employed to assess validity and to show effectiveness of the proposed flexibility-based beam-foundation model. The first two simulations focus on elastic beam-foundation systems while the last simulation emphasizes on an inelastic beam-foundation system. The influences of the adopted foundation model to represent the underlying foundation medium are also discussed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.501-518
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• 2007

In this work, a new approach is developed for dynamic analysis of a composite beam with an interply crack, based on finite element solution of partial differential equations with the use of the COMSOL Multiphysics package, allowing for fast and simple change of geometric characteristics of the delaminated area. The use of COMSOL Multiphysics package facilitates automatic mesh generation, which is needed if the problem has to be solved many times with different crack lengths. In the model, a physically impossible interpenetration of the crack faces is prevented by imposing a special constraint, leading to taking account of a force of contact interaction of the crack faces and to nonlinearity of the formulated boundary value problem. The model is based on the first order shear deformation theory, i.e., the longitudinal displacement is assumed to vary linearly through the beam's thickness. The shear deformation and rotary inertia terms are included into the formulation, to achieve better accuracy. Nonlinear partial differential equations of motion with boundary conditions are developed and written in the format acceptable by the COMSOL Multiphysics package. An example problem of a clamped-free beam with a piezoelectric actuator is considered, and its finite element solution is obtained. A noticeable difference of forced vibrations of the delaminated and undelaminated beams due to the contact interaction of the crack's faces is predicted by the developed model.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.344-349
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• 2005

The axially moving thin beam-plates exposed to sudden thermal loadings may experience severe vibrations through the thermal shock process. For accurate prediction of the thermal shock-induced vibrations, this paper develops a spectral element model for axially moving thermoelastic beam-plates. The spectral element model which is represented by spectral element matrix is formulated from the frequency-dependent dynamic shape functions which satisfy the governing equations in the frequency-domain. Thus, when compared with the classical finite element model in which simple polynomial functions are used as the shape functions, the spectral element model can provide exact solution by treating a whole uniform structure member as a single finite element, regardless of its length.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.90 no.3
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• pp.233-252
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• 2024

This research explores a new finite element model for the free vibration analysis of bi-directional functionally graded (BDFG) beams. The model is based on an efficient higher-order shear deformation beam theory that incorporates a trigonometric warping function for both transverse shear deformation and stress to guarantee traction-free boundary conditions without the necessity of shear correction factors. The proposed two-node beam element has three degrees of freedom per node, and the inter-element continuity is retained using both C1 and C0 continuities for kinematics variables. In addition, the mechanical properties of the (BDFG) beam vary gradually and smoothly in both the in-plane and out-of-plane beam's directions according to an exponential power-law distribution. The highly elevated performance of the developed model is shown by comparing it to conceptual frameworks and solution procedures. Detailed numerical investigations are also conducted to examine the impact of boundary conditions, the bi-directional gradient indices, and the slenderness ratio on the free vibration response of BDFG beams. The suggested finite element beam model is an excellent potential tool for the design and the mechanical behavior estimation of BDFG structures.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.53-69
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• 2023

The rotational stiffness of a semi-rigid beam-to-column connection plays an important role in the reduction of the second-order effects in the precast concrete skeletal frames. The aim of this study is to present a detailed nonlinear finite element study to reproduce the experimental response of a semi-rigid precast beam-to-column connection composed by corbel, dowel bar and continuity tie bars available in the literature. A parametric study was carried using four arrangements of the reinforcing tie bars in the connection, including high ratio of the continuity tie bars passing around the column in the cast-in-place concrete. The results from the parametric study were compared to analytical equations proposed to evaluate the secant rotational stiffness of beam-to-column connections. The good agreement with the experimental results was obtained, demonstrating that the finite element model can accurately predict the structural behaviour of the beam-to-column connection despite its complex geometric configuration. The secant rotational stiffness of the connection was good evaluated by the analytical model available in the literature for ratio of the continuity tie bars of up to 0.69%. Precast beam-to-column connection with a ratio of the continuity tie bars higher than 1.4% had the secant stiffness overestimated. Therefore, an adjustment coefficient for the effective depth of the crack at the end of the beam was proposed for the analytical model, which is a function of the ratio of the continuity tie bars.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.85-102
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• 1999

With the advent of computer, the finite element method has become a most powerful numerical method for structural analysis. However, bridge designers are reluctant to use it in their designs because of its complex nature and its being time consuming in the preparation of the input data and analyzing the results. This paper describes the development of a computer based finite element model using the idea of eccentric beam elements for the analysis of slab-on-girder bridges. The proposed method is supported by a laboratory test using a reinforced concrete bridge model. Other bridge analytical schemes are also introduced and compared with the proposed method. The main aim of the comparison is to prove the effectiveness of the shell and eccentric beam modelling in the studies of lateral load distribution of slab-on-girder bridges. It is concluded that the proposed finite element method gives a closer to real idealization and its developed computer program, SHECAN, is also very simple to use. It is highly recommended to use it as an analytical tool for the design of slab-on-girder bridges.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.261-276
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• 2002

A novel, 6-node, two-dimensional mixed finite element (FE) model has been developed to analyze laminated composite beams by using the minimum potential energy principle. The model has been formulated by considering four degrees of freedom (two displacement components u, w and two transverse stress components ${\sigma}_z$, $\tau_{xz}$) per node. The transverse stress components have been invoked as nodal degrees of freedom by using the fundamental elasticity equations. Thus, the present mixed finite element model not only ensures the continuity of transverse stress and displacement fields through the thickness of the laminated beams but also maintains the fundamental elasticity relationship between the components of stress, strain and displacement fields throughout the elastic continuum. This is an important feature of the present formulation, which has not been observed in various mixed formulations available in the literature. Results obtained from the model have been shown to be in excellent agreement with the elasticity solutions for thin as well as thick laminated composite beams. A few results for a cross-ply beam under fixed support conditions are also presented.