• 한국가시화정보학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.25-29
• /
• 2014

The outlet flow of the centrifugal blower were quantitatively visualized using particle image velocimetry. Because the centrifugal blower is one of the key parts of electric vehicle battery cooling system, the quantitative information of centrifugal blower is necessary to design and optimize the cooling system. The effect of different inlet flow condition to the outlet flow was investigated in this study. Two different inlet ducts were used. One is the straight inlet and the other is a bended one. The results clearly showed the outlet flow asymmetry in both inlet ducts. When the blower has the bended inlet, the flow rate decreases due to the increase of the head loss.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.18-28
• /
• 2006

The Electric Power Subsystem (EPS) is one of the most critical systems on any satellite because nearly every subsystem requires power. This makes the choice of power systems the most important task facing satellite designers. The main purpose of the Satellite EPS is to provide continuous, regulated and conditioned power to all the satellite subsystems. It has to withstand radiation, thermal cycling and vacuums in hostile space environments, as well as subsystem degradation over time. The EPS power characteristics are determined by both the parameters of the system itself and by the satellite orbit. After satellite separation from the launch vehicle (LV) to its orbit, in almost all situations, the satellite subsystems (attitude determination and control, communication and onboard computer and data handling (OBC&DH)), take their needed power from a storage battery (SB) and solar arrays (SA) besides the consumed power in the EPS management device. At this point (separation point, detumbling mode), the satellite's angular motion is high and the orientation of the solar arrays, with respect to the Sun, will change in a non-uniform way, so the amount of power generated by the solar arrays will be affected. The objective of this research is to select satellite EPS component types, to estimate solar array illumination parameters and to determine the efficiency of solar arrays during both detumbling and normal operation modes.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.1125-1131
• /
• 2014

Application of residential demand response (DR) programs are currently realized up to a limited extent due to customers' difficulty in manually responding to the time-differentiated prices. As a solution, this paper proposes an automatic home load management (HLM) framework to achieve the household minimum payment as well as meet the operational constraints to provide customer's comfort. The projected HLM method controls on/off statuses of responsive appliances and the charging/discharging periods of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) and battery storage at home. This paper also studies the impacts of different time-varying tariffs, i.e., time of use (TOU), real time pricing (RTP), and inclining block rate (IBR), on the home load management (HLM). The study is effectuated in a smart home with electrical appliances, a PHEV, and a storage system. The simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed HLM program. Peak of household load demand along with the customer payment costs are reported as the consequence of applying different pricings models in HLM.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 B
• /
• pp.1534-1536
• /
• 2005

A DC-DC converter is being widely used for various household appliances and for industry applications. The DC-DC converter is powered from single battery, and the voltage is varied according to the purpose. In the vehicle, various accessories whose electric power is different are being used. Thus, plural number of DC-DC converter should be provided, so these situations bring complicated circuits, and accordingly, higher cost. Under such backgrounds, in this paper, we propose a novel buck-boost chopper circuit with simply configuration which can supply to two or more different output loads. The propose chewer circuit can control output voltages by controlling duty ratio by using typically two switching devices, which is composed by single boost-switch and single buck-switch. The output voltage can be controlled widely. A few modified circuits developed from the fundamental circuit are represented including the general multi-load circuit. And all this merits and appropriateness was proved by computer simulation and experience.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.1433-1444
• /
• 2017

A family of non-isolated DC-DC three-port converters (TPCs) that allows for a more flexible power flow among a renewable energy source, an energy storage device and a current-reversible DC bus is introduced. Most of the reported non-isolated topologies in this area consider only a power consuming load. However, for applications such as hybrid-electric vehicle braking systems and DC microgrids, the load power generating capability should also be considered. The proposed three-port family consists of one unidirectional port and two bi-directional ports. Hence, they are well-suited for photovoltaic (PV)-battery-DC bus systems from the power flow viewpoint. Three-port converters are derived by combining different commonly known power converters in an integrated manner while considering the voltage polarity, voltage levels among the ports and the overall voltage conversion ratio. The derived converter topologies are able to allow for seven different modes of operation among the sources and load. A three-port converter which integrates a boost converter with a buck converter is used as a design example. Extensions of these topologies by combining the soft-switching technique with the proposed design example are also presented. Experiment results are given to verify the proposed three-port converter family and its analysis.

• 전기전자학회논문지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.261-265
• /
• 2019

기존 양방향 컨버터와 출력 커패시터를 추진용 배터리 쪽으로 이동시킨 양방향 컨버터의 고장률 변화를 분석한다. 두 컨버터의 회로 구조적 동일성과 차이점을 분석하여 커패시터 위치 변경으로 동작전압이 저감됨을 확인한다. 전압스트레스 인자와 동작온도에 따른 커패시터 부품 고장률을 구하고 양방향 컨버터의 고장나무에 적용하여 컨버터 전체 고장률을 구한다. 동작온도와 커패시턴스 값에 따른 고장률과 평균고장시간을 비교 분석하여 설계 변경으로 인한 장 단점을 분석한다.

• 적정기술학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.127-135
• /
• 2021

전 세계적인 지구온난화의 위협에 대응하고자 세계 각국은 신재생 에너지의 확산, 탄소 배출 감소 등을 추진하고 있다. 또한, UN의 SDGs에도 포함된 기후변화에 맞서기 위한 노력으로 글로벌 자동차 제조사들은 향후 10년내에 전기 자동차로의 전면 전환을 추진하고 있다. 전기자동차는 탄소 배출 감소를 위한 유용한 수단이 될 수 있으나, 충전용 전기를 생산하는 단계에서 발생하는 탄소의 저감을 위해서는 친환경 신재생 에너지를 이용한 발전시스템이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 아프리카 탄자니아에 설립된 태양광 발전소와 통합된 스마트 전기 모빌리티 운영 시스템에 대한 비전을 제안한다. 아두이노 컴퓨팅 장치를 기반으로 하는 스마트 모니터링 및 통신 기능을 적용하여 전기자동차 또는 전기 오토바이의 배터리 잔존용량, 배터리 상태, 위치, 속도, 고도, 도로 상태 등의 정보를 모니터링한다. 또한, 주변의 독립형 태양광 발전소 인프라와 통신하여 주행가능거리를 예측하고 충전 스케쥴 및 목적지까지의 경로 최적화를 수행하는 시나리오를 제시한다. 제안된 시스템의 구현 가능성은 전기 오토바이의 시험운행을 통해 검증되었다. 탄자니아에서 운영될 전기 모빌리티 시스템은 현지의 환경과 특성을 고려하여 친환경성, 경제성, 운용 용이성, 호환성 등의 요소가 고려되어야 한다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 스마트 전기 모빌리티 운영 시스템은 SDGs의 이행을 위한 중요한 기반이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 전기화학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.155-161
• /
• 2009

리튬 2차전지는 휴대용 전자기기의 전원으로 사용되어 왔다. 최근 하이브리드 자동차, 전기자동차의 에너지 저장매체로써 적용으로 인해 시장 확대가 기대되고 있다. 양극 활물질은 리튬2차전지의 성능, 수명, 용량을 결정하는 물질이며, 급증하는 시장의 수요에 따라 양극 활물질을 대량으로 생산할 수 있는 기술을 개발하는 것이 시급하다. 본 연구에서 실제 양극 활물질($LiCoO_2$) 생산라인에서 가동 중인 소성로를 3D 모델링하였고, 수치적 해석을 통해 소성로 내부의 온도와 유동의 방향, 화학적 거동을 밝혀내었다. 결과로써, 생산량 증가로 인해 소성로에서 생성되는 $CO_2$ 농도가 증가하며 정체되는 지점을 확인하였고, TGA-DSC 실험을 통해 $CO_2$가 몰분율 15%이상에선 $LiCoO_2$의 적절한 형성에 영향을 주는 현상을 확인하였다. 또한 소성로의 형상변화와 공정조건의 변화를 통해 문제되는 $CO_2$를 원활히 배출할 수 있는 해결책을 제안하였다.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국재료학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회
• /
• pp.5-5
• /
• 2011

The research and development of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) and electric vehicle (EV) are intensified due to the energy crisis and environmental concerns. In order to meet the challenging requirements of powering HEV, PHEV and EV, the current lithium battery technology needs to be significantly improved in terms of the cost, safety, power and energy density, as well as the calendar and cycle life. One new technology being developed is the utilization of composite cathode by mixing two different types of insertion compounds [e.g., spinel $LiMn_2O_4$ and layered $LiMO_2$ (M=Ni, Co, and Mn)]. Recently, some studies on mixing two different types of cathode materials to make a composite cathode have been reported, which were aimed at reducing cost and improving self-discharge. Numata et al. reported that when stored in a sealed can together with electrolyte at $80^{\circ}C$ for 10 days, the concentrations of both HF and $Mn^{2+}$ were lower in the can containing $LiMn_2O_4$ blended with $LiNi_{0.8}Co_{0.2}O_2$ than that containing $LiMn_2O_4$ only. That reports clearly showed that this blending technique can prevent the decline in capacity caused by cycling or storage at elevated temperatures. However, not much work has been reported on the charge-discharge characteristics and related structural phase transitions for these composite cathodes. In this presentation, we will report our in situ x-ray diffraction studies on this mixed composite cathode material during charge-discharge cycling. The mixed cathodes were incorporated into in situ XRD cells with a Li foil anode, a Celgard separator, and a 1M $LiPF_6$ electrolyte in a 1 : 1 EC : DMC solvent (LP 30 from EM Industries, Inc.). For in situ XRD cell, Mylar windows were used as has been described in detail elsewhere. All of these in situ XRD spectra were collected on beam line X18A at National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) at Brookhaven National Laboratory using two different detectors. One is a conventional scintillation detector with data collection at 0.02 degree in two theta angle for each step. The other is a wide angle position sensitive detector (PSD). The wavelengths used were 1.1950 ${\AA}$ for the scintillation detector and 0.9999 A for the PSD. The newly installed PSD at beam line X18A of NSLS can collect XRD patterns as short as a few minutes covering $90^{\circ}$ of two theta angles simultaneously with good signal to noise ratio. It significantly reduced the data collection time for each scan, giving us a great advantage in studying the phase transition in real time. The two theta angles of all the XRD spectra presented in this paper have been recalculated and converted to corresponding angles for ${\lambda}=1.54\;{\AA}$, which is the wavelength of conventional x-ray tube source with Cu-$k{\alpha}$ radiation, for easy comparison with data in other literatures. The structural changes of the composite cathode made by mixing spinel $LiMn_2O_4$ and layered $Li-Ni_{1/3}Co_{1/3}Mn_{1/3}O_2$ in 1 : 1 wt% in both Li-half and Li-ion cells during charge/discharge are studied by in situ XRD. During the first charge up to ~5.2 V vs. $Li/Li^+$, the in situ XRD spectra for the composite cathode in the Li-half cell track the structural changes of each component. At the early stage of charge, the lithium extraction takes place in the $LiNi_{1/3}Co_{1/3}Mn_{1/3}O_2$ component only. When the cell voltage reaches at ~4.0 V vs. $Li/Li^+$, lithium extraction from the spinel $LiMn_2O_4$ component starts and becomes the major contributor for the cell capacity due to the higher rate capability of $LiMn_2O_4$. When the voltage passed 4.3 V, the major structural changes are from the $LiNi_{1/3}Co_{1/3}Mn_{1/3}O_2$ component, while the $LiMn_2O_4$ component is almost unchanged. In the Li-ion cell using a MCMB anode and a composite cathode cycled between 2.5 V and 4.2 V, the structural changes are dominated by the spinel $LiMn_2O_4$ component, with much less changes in the layered $LiNi_{1/3}Co_{1/3}Mn_{1/3}O_2$ component, comparing with the Li-half cell results. These results give us valuable information about the structural changes relating to the contributions of each individual component to the cell capacity at certain charge/discharge state, which are helpful in designing and optimizing the composite cathode using spinel- and layered-type materials for Li-ion battery research. More detailed discussion will be presented at the meeting.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.31-48
• /
• 2024

글로벌 자동차 산업은 연결, 자율주행, 공유, 전동화 등의 주요 방향 아래 지속적으로 발전하고 있으며, 국내 자동차 산업 또한 기존의 전통적인 자동차 부품 제조로부터 미래 트렌드에 부합하는 전략적인 업의 전환을 꾀하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 2013년부터 2021년까지 산업통상자원부에서 지원한 미래 자동차 분야 연구개발 과제를 대상으로 토픽 모델링을 수행하였다. 해당 기간을 3개 기간으로 구분하여 주요 토픽의 변화를 분석하였다. 센서와 통신, 운전자 보조 기술, 배터리 및 전력 기술은 전 기간 동안 지속적인 주요 토픽으로 나타났으며, 고강도 경량 차체와 같은 주제는 1기에서만 관찰되었다. 한편, AI, 빅데이터, 수소 연료전지와 같은 주제는 2기와 3기에 점점 더 중요한 토픽으로 부상하였다. 또한, 토픽별 정부 투자액과 투자 증가율을 기준으로 각 기수별 집중 투자 분야를 분석하였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 향후 자동차 분야의 정책 수립 및 연구개발 전략 마련 시 기초 자료로 활용될 것으로 예상되며, 증거 기반의 정책 수립과 결정에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.