• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2014

The objectives of this study were to identify the species of a wooden container for written prayers, Sotong, from Guryongsa Temple in Wonju, which is currently stored in the Museum of Woljeongsa, and to date it using wiggle matching of radiocarbon dates. It was made exclusively of basswood, Tilia spp. Wiggle matching the radiocarbon dates of three rings resulted in A.D. 1670 to 1691 (${\pm}2{\sigma}$) for the outermost ring. This interval suggested the age of 'Guryongsa Sotong' as the late $17^{th}$ or early $18^{th}$ century, which became a first date on 'Sotong' in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.253-262
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• 2016

Woodcraft activity is inseparable with our ordinary life and its relevant research should be consistently maintained because it has significant educational value to blossoming students. These days, which interest in woodcraft is rapidly expanding from early childhood to old age, this study was done to provide images to those who work in this field or who have interest. Out of the 43 jewelry and gift boxes used in this study, species of white which has low proportion of packing materials consists of species of Fir (Abies spp), Birch (Betula spp) and Amercia basswood (Tilia americana Linnaeus) and the higher proportion species of Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), Bayor (Pteorospermum diversifolium Bl), Snakewood (Piratinera guianensis aubl.) and Bintangor (Calophhyllum spp.) were used in valuable products. It was showed that out of 56 works selected from '400 Wood Boxes', the species of Walnut (Juglans regia), Cherry (Prunus serotina), Wenge (Milletia laurentii De. wild), Ebony (Diospyros spp.), Ash (Fraxinus spp.) and Cocobolo (Dallbergia cultrata Grah.) were frequently used.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.48-49
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• 1975

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2011

This study was carried out to analyze annual diameter growth characteristics for major 11 tree species using the data for Gangwon province of the National Forest Resources Inventory in 2007. The annual diameter growth of coniferous species was 5.02 mm, 4.70 mm, and 3.90 mm in Korean white pine, Japanese larch, and Korean red pine, respectively. In growths of the deciduous trees, dogwood, basswood, and cork oak had 3.55 mm, 3.48 mm and 3.01 mm, respectively. Average of the annual diameter growths for all species was 3.38 mm. The relationship between diameter growth and age class showed that the growth rate decreased for all species as age increased. The age class II had the highest annual diameter rate. In relation of the stand density(trees per hectare) and diameter growth, the diameter growth tended to decrease as the stand density increased for most species, especially Korean white pine, cork oak, and basswood. Finally age had the highest value in the correlation coefficients between measurement factor and growth rate regardless of species.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.660-664
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• 2018

Honey is known to have a variety of health-promoting effects. Ethyl acetate fractions (EAFs) of four Korean domestic honeys from basswood, Korean raisin, chestnut, and acacia as well as a New Zealand manuka honey were analyzed comparatively to evaluate their antioxidative and antimelanogenic effects. The EAFs of basswood, Korean raisin, and chestnut honey had higher antioxidant capacities and tyrosinase inhibition activities than those of manuka honey. Pretreatment of B16F1 melanoma cells with EAFs at $100{\mu}g/mL$ resulted in relative retention of melanin contents as follows: acacia honey (141.0%)>basswood honey (134.3%)>manuka honey (131.5%)>Korean raisin honey (107.3%)>chestnut honey (88.0%). Intracellular tyrosinase activities of B16F1 melanoma cells were significantly (p<0.05) lowered by EAFs of Korean raisin and chestnut honey than by EAF of manuka honey. Consequently, these results suggest that Korean domestic honeys from different floral sources serve as good sources of antioxidative and antimelanogenic agents.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2002

This study was carried out to evaluate bending property on principal domestic species such as sargent cherry(Prunus sargentii), bitter wood(Picrasma quassioides), horn beam(Carpinus laxiflora), cork oak(Quercus variabilis), birch(Betula schmidtii), painted maple(Acer mono), basswood(Tilia amurensis), red pine(Pinus densiflora), pitch pine(Pinus rigtda), royal pawlonia(Paulownia tomentosa) by microwave heating. In this study, radius of curvature(ROC) for bending process was classified by radius of curvature(ROC) of bending plate such as 4 cm, 6 cm, and 10 cm, and thickness of metal-strap(TMS) was 0.6 mm and 0.8 mm. Bending process was successfully operated for 100 percent in bitter wood, horn beam, birch and painted maple. On the other hand, there was a success rate of 58 percent in sargent cherry and 83 percent in cork oak and 29 percent in basswood and 8 percent in royal pawlonia which is the worst bending property. All specimens of basswood and royal pawlonia were broken at 4 cm of ROC. Success rate of bending property was shown 44 percent in red pine and 56 percent in pitch pine. TMS has an effect on only drying speed in drying process than difficulty and facility of bending property. It was considered that the thinner TMS in drying process is the faster in drying speed of bent wood.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.5 s.162
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• pp.321-329
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• 2005

Based on the data representing four typical Korean pine forest types, the age structure, DBH distribution, species composition, and forking rule were systemically analyzed for old-growth Korean pine forest in Liangshui Nature Reserve, northeast China. The age structure of Korean pine trees was strongly uneven-aged with one dominated peak following normal distribution, and age of trees varied from 100 to 180 years within a stand. The DBH and height differences in same age class (20 years) varied from 28 cm~64 cm and 5 to 20 m, respectively. Many conifer and hard wood species, such as spruce, fir, costata birch, basswood, oak, and elm, were mixed with dominated trees of Korean pine. The canopy of the old-growth Korean pine forest can be divided into two layers, and differences of mean age and height between Layer I and Layer II were ranged 80~150 years and 7~13 m, respectively. The Weibull function was used to model the diameter distribution and performed well to describe size-class distribution either with a single peak in over-story canopy and inverse J-shape in under-story canopy for old-growth Korean pine stands. The forking height of Korean pine trees ranged from 16m to 24 m (mean 19.4 m) and tree age about 120 to 160 years old. The results will provide a scientific basis to protect and recover the ecosystem of natural old-growth Korean pine and also provide the model in management of Korean pine plantation.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.486-498
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze the species of 82 furniture in the late Choseon Dynasty (mainly, 19th century), which are housed in the Seoul Museum of History. Total of 22 species were found. The species shared 43% as hard pine(Diploxylon), 9% as Zelkova serrata Makino, 7% as Paulownia spp., 7% as Tilia spp., 6% as soft pine(Haploxylon), 5% as Ginkgo biloba Linn., 4% as Cedrela sinensis A. Juss., 3% as Diospyros spp., 3% as Abies spp., 2% as Alnus spp., 2% as Picea spp., 1% as bamboo, 1% as Populus spp., 1% as Betula spp., 1% as Juglans spp. The other minor ones were Torreya nucifera Sieb. et Zucc., Pyrus spp., Castanea spp., Ulmus spp. and Kalopanax oictuse (Thunb.) Nakai. Thirty seven furniture (45% in total) was made of single species, 19 (23%) of two species, 16 (20%) of three species and 10(12%) of 4 to 6 species. For frames and panels, hard and strong woods, such as hard pines, Zelkova and Cedrela, were used. For drawer, however, light woods having low shrinkage, such as Paulownia and Tilia, were used. The origin of woods could be specified by the habitats of the species identified. Both Hwanghaedo- and Parkcheon- Chests used basswood (Tilia), which grow in the cold regions, indicating the origin of woods as North Korea.