• 한국컴퓨터정보학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 1995

본 연구는 ASCII 코드중에서 잘 쓰이지 않는 코드를 반달점(ˇ)으로 할당, 글꼴을 제작하여, 사용자가 국어 로마자 표기법 기본원칙을 모르더라도 한글단어, 문장, 문서를 문자열(string)로 입력받아 알고리즘화된 음운법칙을 적용하여 소리글자로 자동 변환 후 현행 정부 표준안인 국어 로마자 표기법 테이블에서 대응 글자를 참조하여 기계화 코드 변환이 가능토록 설계하였으며, 예외어 처리, 화면색상 및 풀다운 팝업 메뉴 방식을 지원, 마우스 활용 방식을 채택, 사용자 편리성을 제공하였으며, 다양한 서체, 글꼴 확대 및 축소, 이단ㆍ혼합 인쇄기능 등을 고려 C언어를 이용하여 구현하였다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2021

The study aimed to realize one of the basic requirements for designing and building the integrated automated system for scientific research at Northern Border University, which includes the establishment of an automated interconnected system to manage all academic and financial operations of scientific research. From receiving the budget of the funded research courses, then the regular financial regulation of all the research team's rewards, the cost of publishing, translation and equipment, then receiving the research plans and linking them financially, preparing the total and detailed financial value for all stages, then financial disbursement operations, financial closure of research when published, and preparing financial reports The research team used the analytical approach to build the main and subsidiary requirements for designing the financial system, and the study concluded that all the elements required for the stages of financial management for scientific research at Northern Border University can be met based on sufficient by sequencing these processes and how they are sequenced as e It is designed in the research study.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1007-1013
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• 2015

원핵생물체의 생명유지에 중요한 역할을 담당하는 유전자들을 밝히기 위해 미생물 유전체들 사이의 공통적 유전자를 파악하는 COG 알고리즘을 이용하였다. 원핵생물 711종 모두에 보존적인 것은 COG0080 (Ribosomal protein L11) 1개였다. 708종 이상의 원핵생물에 보존적인 22개의 ortholog 중 전사관련 2개, tRNA synthetase 관련4개, ribosamal large subunit 8개, ribosomal small subunit 7개였다. 700종 이상의 원핵생물에 보존적인 COG는 58개였다. 이중 리보좀을 구성하는 소단위체 등 번역 관련 COG가 50개(86.2%), 전사관련 COG가 4개(6.9%)로 나타나 생명현상에서의 단백질의 중요성을 알 수 있었다. 58개의 COG 중 보존성은 COG0060 (Isoleucyl tRNA synthetase)이 가장 높았고 COG0143 (Methionyl tRNA synthetase)이 가장 낮았다. 문(phylum)과 강(class) 수준에서 보존적 유전자들의 평균과 분산으로 유전체 분석을 수행한 결과 변이가 큰 고세균은 진정세균과 구분되었으며 편차는 일부 진정세균이 고세균보다 컸다. 보존적 유전자를 탐색하는 본 연구의 기법은 기초과학 연구와 함께 항균제 개발과 항암요법 개발 등에도 유용할 것이다.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.342-354
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 사용자 측에서 임의의 시점 영상을 렌더링하여야 하는 초다시점 또는 자유시점 영상서비스를 타겟으로 소유자의 지적재산권을 보호하기 위한 디지털 워터마킹 방법을 다룬다. 본 논문의 주된 목적은 기존방법들에 비해 우수한 방법을 제안하는 것보다는 시점이동 공격을 이겨내는 워터마킹 방법이 얼마나 어려운지를 보이는 것이다. 따라서 대상 영상은 시점이동을 포함한 다양한 공격을 가한 영상이다. 본 논문은 먼저 2D영상에 대한 워터마킹 방법 중 2DDCT(2D discrete cosine transform)를 사용하는 방법과 2DDWT(2D discrete wavelet transform)를 사용하는 방법의 기본적인 scheme으로 시점이동이 추출한 워터마크 데이터의 오차율을 얼마나 높이는 지를 보인다. 시점이동된 영상에 대한 워터마킹의 어려움은 이동된 시점을 모르기 때문이며, 따라서 본 논문에서는 이동된 시점을 찾는 방법을 제안한다. 이 방법은 원시점의 영상과 해당 깊이정보를 사용한다. 또한 이 방법을 사용한 non-blind 워터마킹 방법을 제안하여, 이동된 시점을 복원하는 것이 추출된 워터마크의 오차율에 큰 영향을 미친다는 것을 보인다. 제안한 방법과 기존 방법의 성능을 비교하여, 비록 non-blind 방법이기는 하지만 기존 방법보다 비가시성 및 강인성에서 우수함을 보인다.

• 대한보건연구
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2018

연구목적: "건강정보이해능력은 개인이 보건의료 관련 의사결정을 스스로 하는데 충분한 건강정보와 보건의료서비스를 제대로 얻고 처리하고 이해하는 능력"으로 정의된다. 고령자는 건강정보이해능력이 특히 취약한 인구집단이다. 이 연구는 Chew 등이 개발한 척도를 적용하여 우리나라 고령자의 건강정보이해능력을 측정하기 위한 도구의 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하였다. 연구방법: 자료는 단면조사로 수집된 2016년 '서울 고령자 건강과 기능조사' 60~79세 725명 응답자를 대상으로 분석하였다. 대상자를 무작위로 두 표본으로 나누어 표본 A (n=400)는 탐색적 요인분석과 척도의 타당화를 위한 분석에 사용하고, 표본 B (n=325)는 확증적 요인분석을 위해 사용하였다. 설문지는 번역-역번역, 전문가 교차검토 등을 통해 최종 12문항으로 구성하였고, 내적신뢰도 분석을 통해 최종 8문항을 선택하였다. 연구결과: 연구결과 8개 설문문항은 2개의 요인 구조를 보였고, 탐색적 요인분석 결과 신뢰도와 타당도가 높았다 (KMO=.872, Bartlett's ${\chi}^2=2431.248$, df=28, p<.001). 확증적 요인분석은 추출된 이 두 요인 구조(건강정보 "이해"와 건강정보 "활용")의 구성타당도가 충족되는 결과를 보였다(${\chi}^2=53.386/df=19$, GFI=.960, CFI=.979, TLI=.969, RMSEA=0.075). 결론: 본 연구는 이 도구가 고령자의 건강정보이해능력을 측정하는 도구로 타당도가 있음을 증명한다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.77-88
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• 2022

Objective: Our study aimed to evaluate the quality of radiomics studies on brain metastases based on the radiomics quality score (RQS), Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) checklist, and the Image Biomarker Standardization Initiative (IBSI) guidelines. Materials and Methods: PubMed MEDLINE, and EMBASE were searched for articles on radiomics for evaluating brain metastases, published until February 2021. Of the 572 articles, 29 relevant original research articles were included and evaluated according to the RQS, TRIPOD checklist, and IBSI guidelines. Results: External validation was performed in only three studies (10.3%). The median RQS was 3.0 (range, -6 to 12), with a low basic adherence rate of 50.0%. The adherence rate was low in comparison to the "gold standard" (10.3%), stating the potential clinical utility (10.3%), performing the cut-off analysis (3.4%), reporting calibration statistics (6.9%), and providing open science and data (3.4%). None of the studies involved test-retest or phantom studies, prospective studies, or cost-effectiveness analyses. The overall rate of adherence to the TRIPOD checklist was 60.3% and low for reporting title (3.4%), blind assessment of outcome (0%), description of the handling of missing data (0%), and presentation of the full prediction model (0%). The majority of studies lacked pre-processing steps, with bias-field correction, isovoxel resampling, skull stripping, and gray-level discretization performed in only six (20.7%), nine (31.0%), four (3.8%), and four (13.8%) studies, respectively. Conclusion: The overall scientific and reporting quality of radiomics studies on brain metastases published during the study period was insufficient. Radiomics studies should adhere to the RQS, TRIPOD, and IBSI guidelines to facilitate the translation of radiomics into the clinical field.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.404-409
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• 1997

Trout CYP1A-CAT expression construct was generated by cloning -3.5 Kb $5^I$ flanking DNA of trout liver CYP1A gene in front of CAT gene at pCAT-basic vector. Hepa 1 cells, which are known to contain a functional arylhydrbcarbon $receptor^I$ were transfected with trout CYP1A-CAT using lipofectin. 3-Methylcholanthrene (1 nM) was added into hepa 1 cells in culture in order to examine if $5^I$ flanking DNA of trout CYP1A gene could interact with mouse transactivating factors to bring about transcription of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase(CAT) reporter gene. The level of CAT protein was measured by CAT ELISA and the level of CAT mRNA was determined by RTPCR. The treatment of 1 nM 3-methylcholanthrene resulted in two fold increases in CAT protein as well as CAT mRNA compared to untreated control hepa 1 cells. These data indicate that arylhydrocarbon receptors of mouse hepa 1 cells are functional to activate exogenously transfected trout CYP1A-CAT construct in terms of both transcription and translation of CAT. We also examined the effect of 3-methylcholanthrene on endogenous cyplal activity in hepa 1 cell. 3-Methylcholanthrene (1 nM) treatment to hepa 1 cells trahsfected with trout CYP1A-CAT construct stimulated the level of cyp1a1 mRNA by two folds and the activity of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase by two fold compared to that of control cells. In this study we reported that trout CYP1A-CAT reporter gene expression construct could be expressed by 3-methylcholanthrene treatment in mouse hepa 1 cells. Thus trout CYP1A-CAT could serve as a good model to study the mechanism of regulation of CYP1A1 gene expression.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.8-19
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• 2017

This study on "Wenbingtiaobian" covers identifying pattern of prescription, understanding system of multiple syndrome differentiations, characteristics of treatment and medicinal substances. The source books are "Korean translation of Wenbingtiaobian", "Modern Shanghanlun", "Jinkuiyaolueyishi", "Chinese Medicine Formulas". "Wenbingtiaobian" has system of multiple patterns including three energizer syndrome differentiation, classification of disease, six meridian syndrome differentiation and wei-qi-ying-xue syndrome differentiation. That describes cause, location, nature, power and transmutation of disease. Wei-qi-ying-xue pattern is meaningful to warm-heat disease and three energizer pattern is relevant to dampness-heat disease. The warm disease shows mostly yang brightness bowel syndrome and patterns of three yin viscera. In aspect of the heat disease, qi aspect pattern makes up the largest number of syndrome differentiation and have sometimes with bowel excess or fluid deficiency. And treatment for wei aspect pattern is primarily 'outthrust the pathogen with pungent-cool'. Deficiency cold pattern and cold pattern with dampness occupy most of cold patterns. And many dampness patterns are dampness-heat pattern in middle energizer and 'inhibited lung qi transforming' is major mechanism. Patterns with fluid deficiency in qi aspect syndrome appear mostly in upper or middle energizer and in xue aspect syndrome appear mostly in lower energizer and they form 20% of all syndrome differentiations. The treatment of clearing heat uses pungent-cool(cold) for upper energizer, sweet-cold for middle energizer, sweet(salty)-cold for lower energizer. The treatment of tonifying yin uses mostly salty-cold for middle or lower energizer. The treatment of outthrusting pathogen is applied to all the wei-qi-ying-xue aspect combined with other treatments by using pungent-cool(cold) and light herbs. Understanding diseases in the respect of syndrome differentiation can enhance understanding of modern diseases from a perspective of Korean Traditional Medicinal(KTM) and can make clinical application of KTM treatments easy. Data from this study are expected to be basic for standardization and systemization of KTM.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the sexual function of male patients receiving rectal cancer and to analyze the factors related to sexual function. Methods: This study included 71 male patients undergoing outpatient treatment after surgery at C University Hospital, Chonnam, Korea from April 1 to September 1, 2014. The sexual function of males with colorectal cancer was calculated using the Korean Translation of International Index of Erectile Function(IIEF). Data analysis was performed using t-test, ANOVA, and regression analysis. The study was IRB approved. Results: The sexual function index scores of the subjects were 33.28±19.47 points. Regression analysis showed that sexual function increased as the duration after operation increased(p=.001), higher location of cancer(p=.007), age decreased(p=.013). The explanatory power (adj. R2) of the analysis model was 0.186. Conclusion: Sexual function of males with rectal cancer differed according to duration after operation, and location of cancer, age. Therefore, medical staff think that it can be used as basic data for appropriate education and counseling by age, time, and type of treatment to improve sexual function of men with rectal cancer.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.285-296
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• 2008

"The Golden Mirror of Medicine(醫宗金鑑)" is a very famous medical book. It was compiled by the medical officers of the Cheong(淸, Qing) Dynasty, especially headed by Ogyeom(吳謙, Wuqian). "The Elimination ＆amp; Supplement about the Famous Prescription Comments(刪補名醫方論)"that forms one part of "The Golden Mirror of Medicine(醫宗金鑑)", is a collection of famous notes about important prescriptions. Many parts of "The Elimination ＆amp; Supplement about the Famous Prescription Comments(刪補名醫方論)" were quoted from "The Famous Prescription Comments on Ancient and Modern Times(古今名醫方論)". The first part of the vol. Ⅱ of "The Elimination ＆amp; Supplement about the Famous Prescription Comments(刪補名醫方論)"mainly describes about the prescriptions of elevating Yanggi[升陽], which were invented by Igo(李杲, Ligao), a famous physician of the Geum(金, Jin) Dynasty. The treatments were five and three of them were quoted from "The Famous Prescription Comments on Ancient and Modern Times(古今名醫方論)". The basic rule of herbal combination of these prescriptions is a combination of herbs of strengthening-gi[補氣] and dispersing herbs[發散藥]. If the dispersing herbs[發散藥] is used with the herbs of strengthening-gi[補氣藥], they elevate Yanggi(陽氣) together.