• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.309-314
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• 2005

This study was carried out to obtain the basic informations on the flowering habit, pollination patterns and seed setting in Hosta plantaginea Aschers. Flowers came out in the night with white color. Almost fertilization seemed to be out by wind in early and full flowering. But bearing pods by insects and fertilization rate by wind were increased by interval of flowering and particular scent slowly decreased in after flowering. Bearing pods and seeds setting rate were $65.0\%,\;40.9\%$ per peduncle after artificial pollination, and also $33.3\%,\;24.3\%$ in natural pollination, respectively. The flowering times was all around seven to eight o'clock at night and optimum temperature for pollination was $25{\sim}28^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.38-46
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• 2001

This paper presents a new multiprocessor system and corresponding scheduling algorithm that can be applied for implementation of fine grain DSP algorithms such as digital filters. The newly proposed system uses one or more shared buses as the basic interconnection network between processors, and fixed amount of clock-skew is maintained between instruction execution of processors. This system not only can handle the interprocessor communications very efficiently but also can explicitly incorporate the interprocessor communication delay time into the multiprocessor scheduling model. This paper also presents a new scheduling strategy for implementing digital filters expressed in fully-specified flow graphs on the proposed system. The simulation result shows that well-known digital filters can be implemented on proposed multiprocessor in which the implementation satisfies the iteration period bound.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.1-10
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• 2009

Precise branch predictor has a profound impact on system performance in modern processor architectures. Recent works show that prediction latency as well as prediction accuracy has a critical impact on overall system performance as well. However, prediction latency tends to be overlooked. In this paper, we propose Branch Pre-Prediction policy to tolerate branch prediction latency. The proposed solution allows that branch predictor can proceed its prediction without any information from the fetch engine, separating the prediction engine from fetch stage. In addition, we propose newly modified BTE structure to support our solution. The simulation result shows that proposed solution can hide most prediction latency with still providing the same level of prediction accuracy. Furthermore, the proposed solution shows even better performance than the ideal case, that is the predictor which always takes a single cycle prediction latency. In our experiments, IPC improvement is up to 11.92% and 5.15% in average, compared to conventional predictor system.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.139-149
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• 2022

This study aimed to prepare basic data for protecting the habitat of Fairy Pitta Pitta nympha and coping with climate change by detecting songs with bio-acoustic recording technology and identifying phenological characteristics in protected areas in Korea. The study sites were 36 protected areas nationwide. Data were collected between January and December 2019, and the analysis period was from May 1 to August 31, 2019. The main results are described as follows. Firstly, songs were detected in 22 out of 36 study sites. Frequency analysis results of songs show that high frequency was observed in southern inland, including Jeju island, and the area with the highest latitude was Seoraksan National Park. Secondly, the first song was observed in Hallyeohaesang National Park Geumsan on May 14, 2019, and the last song was observed in Ungok wetland in Gochang on August 6, 2019. Thirdly, circadian rhythm analysis results of songs show that the frequency rapidly increased at five o'clock in the morning, peaked at six o'clock, and then decreased afterward. Fourthly, seasonal cycle analysis results of songs show that they were observed from May 14, 2019 to August 6, and the day with the highest accumulated frequency of songs was June 3, 2019 (Julian date: 154). The average temperature of the day the songs were detected was 17.4℃, the average precipitation was 0.02mm, and the average humidity was 82.6%. Fifthly, a correlation analysis result between Fairy Pitta's songs and meteorological factors shows that temperature indicated a negative correlation with Fairy Pitta's songs (p<0.001), but precipitation (p=0.053) and humidity (p=0.077) did not indicate a statistical significance (df=471). This study is significant in that it confirmed the distribution of Fairy Pitta's songs using bio-acoustic recording technology in protected areas nationwide and identified their ecological characteristics by precisely analyzing the relationship between the song period and meteorological factors.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1296-1302
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• 2016

A hardware implementation of ultra-lightweight block cipher algorithm PRESENT that was specified as a block cipher standard for lightweight cryptography ISO/IEC 29192-2 is described in this paper. Two types of crypto-core that support master key size of 80-bit are designed, one is for encryption-only function, and the other is for encryption and decryption functions. The designed PR80 crypto-cores implement the basic cipher mode of operation ECB (electronic code book), and it can process consecutive blocks of plaintext/ciphertext without reloading master key. The PR80 crypto-cores were designed in soft IP with Verilog HDL, and they were verified using Virtex5 FPGA device. The synthesis results using $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS cell library show that the encryption-only core has 2,990 GE and the encryption/decryption core has 3,687 GE, so they are very suitable for IoT security applications requiring small gate count. The estimated maximum clock frequency is 500 MHz for the encryption-only core and 444 MHz for the encryption/decryption core.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.10
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• pp.243-272
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• 2005

All measures related to the safety of the casino facilities guarantee safety of facilities that are targets of security guards, protect lives and properties, minimize risks of artificial and natural disaster and crimes. In summary, plan for responding to safety and accidents should be developed not only for the casino facilities but also for the facilities of annexed buildings, and lives and properties of customers and employees. Determine areas in the casino facilities that are prone to accidents and set around-the-clock guard in the areas or maintain surveillance with CCTV and prevent accidents through continuous patrol. These are the most basic and the most important requirements in safety. In addition, casinos which prompt gambling are causing economic and psychological treats to families. To resolve these social issues, casinos have adopted limited entrance system. To support this system, new forms of machine security systems such as video automatic recognition system of fingerprint pattern recognition system should be adopted too. In addition, security guards in casino facilities need to instill themselves with a sense of ownership as well as a strong sense of mission to do the best for customer security and to protect the company assets and employees and manage accidents that could occur without notice. Security guards should do their best to enable manage accidents that could occur without notice. Security guards should do their best to enable tourists who are on the rise due to increase in advanced country-style tourism and leisurely activities to get the utmost satisfaction from the casinos, and as a leader of private security company, establish the foundation for security based on the characteristics of security in Korea.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.349-366
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• 2007

We designed and developed a multi-purpose CCD camera system for three kinds of CCDs; KAF-0401E($768{\times}512$), KAF-1602E($1536{\times}1024$), KAF-3200E($2184{\times}1472$) made by KODAK Co.. The system supports fast USB port as well as parallel port for data I/O and control signal. The packing is based on two stage circuit boards for size reduction and contains built-in filter wheel. Basic hardware components include clock pattern circuit, A/D conversion circuit, CCD data flow control circuit, and CCD temperature control unit. The CCD temperature can be controlled with accuracy of approximately $0.4^{\circ}C$ in the max. range of temperature, ${\Delta}33^{\circ}C$. This CCD camera system has with readout noise $6\;e^-$, and system gain $5\;e^-/ADU$. A total of 10 CCD camera systems were produced and our tests show that all of them show passable performance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.2945-2951
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• 2009

By observing and classifying the articles that are centering around the forecasting information which are dealing with the health related articles in the mass media such as the daily press, KBS1 9 O'clock news, and TV broadcast station's health serialization program, this research was to fulfill ultimately to present health predicted execution for the data on the present state of analysis for the general public to acquire the health related information and to practice the presented basic data of the useful health information to the patients and general public by understand the tendency of the health related information that is presented to the general public. The period of the subject for analysis conducted in a year, started in January 1st, 2006 and finished in December 31st 2006. The research sampled about 50% of the subject of analysis by using the computer's random sampling in considering the quantity of work. Look in to the subject of health information, the daily news paper illustrated in the order of the cause of diseases and dangerous factor (15.5%), the medical treatment and techniques, the medication(15.4%), and the health promotion(14.6%), and the TV news presented the subject on the cause of diseases and dangerous factor(27.5%) the most, and the least presented in the order of the mechanics(24.2%), and the administrator(11.3%).

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.49 no.12
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• pp.201-208
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• 2012

In this paper, the hardware design of rate control for real-time video encoded is proposed. In the proposed method, a quadratic rate distortion model with high-computational complexity is not used when quantization parameter values are being decided. Instead, for low-computational complexity, average complexity weight values of frames are used to calculate QP. For high speed and low computational prediction, the MAD is predicted based on the coded basic unit, using spacial and temporal correlation in sequences. The rate control is designed with the hardware for fast QP decision. In the proposed method, a quadratic rate distortion model with high-computational complexity is not used when quantization parameter values are being decided. Instead, for low-computational complexity, average complexity weight values of frames are used to calculate QP. In addition, the rate control is designed with the hardware for fast QP decision. The execution cycle and gate count of the proposed architecture were reduced about 65% and 85% respectively compared with those of previous architecture. The proposed RC was implemented using Verilog HDL and synthesized with UMC $0.18{\mu}m$ standard cell library. The synthesis result shows that the gate count of the architecture is about 19.1k with 108MHz clock frequency.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.559-565
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• 2008

Members of the TGA family of basic domain/leucine zipper transcription factors regulate defense genes through physical interaction with NON-EXPRESSOR OF PR1 (NPR1). Of the seven TGA family members, TGA4/octopine synthase (ocs)-element-binding factor 4 (OBF4) is the least understood. Here we present evidence for a novel function of OBF4 as a regulator of flowering. We identified CONSTANS (CO), a positive regulator of floral induction, as an OBF4-interacting protein, in a yeast two-hybrid library screen. OBF4 interacts with the B-box region of CO. The abundance of OBF4 mRNA cycles with a 24 h rhythm under both long-day (LD) and short-day (SD) conditions, with significantly higher levels during the night than during the day. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that OBF4 binds to the promoter of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene, a direct target of CO. We also found that, like CO and FT, an OBF4:GUS construct was prominently expressed in the vascular tissues of leaf, indicating that OBF4 can regulate FT expression through the formation of a protein complex with CO. Taken together, our results suggest that OBF4 may act as a link between defense responses and flowering.