• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.581-594
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• 2014

A feasibility study on the seismic design of nuclear reactor buildings with application of a seismic isolation system is introduced. After the Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake in Japan of 1995, seismic isolation technologies have been widely employed for commercial buildings. Having become a mature technology, seismic isolation systems can be applied to NPP facilities in areas of high seismicity. Two reactor buildings are discussed, representing the PWR and BWR buildings in Japan, and the application of seismic isolation systems is discussed. The isolation system employing rubber bearings with a lead plug positioned (LRB) is examined. Through a series of seismic response analyses using the so-named standard design earthquake motions covering the design basis earthquake motions obtained for NPP sites in Japan, the responses of the seismic isolated reactor buildings are evaluated. It is revealed that for the building structures examined herein: (1) the responses of both isolated buildings and isolating LRBs fulfill the specified design criteria; (2) the responses obtained for the isolating LRBs first reach the ultimate condition when intensity of motion is 2.0 to 2.5 times as large as that of the design-basis; and (3) the responses of isolated reactor building fall below the range of the prescribed criteria.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.353-362
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• 2007

A total of 1,354 samples was collected from bovine and porcine carcass from January 2005 to December 2006 in a slaughter house. Twenty five strains(1.8%) of Listeria monocytogenes were isolated from 1,354 samples using selective media. Ten(1.4%) L monocytogenes were isolated from the 677 of bovine carcasses, and 15(2.2%) were isolated from the 677 of porcine carcasses. Among 15 L mono-cytogenes from porcine, 11 siolates were serovars 1/2c, followed by 1/2b (3 strains, 20.0%) and 1/2a(1 strain) Out of 10 bovine samples, positive cases in 1/2a were 9 strains (90.0%), 1/2b were 1 strains(10.0%). PCR primers were selected to amplify a 520-base pair(bp) DNA fragment from the listeolysin O gene (hlyA) of L mono-cytogenes. A 520-bp product was detected in PCR with DNA from L monocytogenes, but not from the other Listeria species tested. A total of 25 L monocytogenes strains were analysed by PFGE after digestion with Apa I. PFGE analysis of genomic DNA showed the $14{\sim}18$ fragments ranging in size from 30 to 550 kb, resulting in 14 patterns.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.91 no.5
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• pp.469-486
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• 2024

Electric transformers are major components of electrical systems, and damage to them caused by earthquakes can result in significant financial loss. The current study modeled a three-dimensional (3D) isolated electrical transformer under horizontal and vertical records from different earthquakes. Instead of using fixed coefficients, an improved wavelet method has been used to create the greatest compatibility between the response spectra and the target spectrum. This method has primarily been used for dynamic analysis of isolated structures with spring-damper devices because it has shown greater accuracy in predicting the response of such structures. The effect of the nonlinear soil-structure interaction on the probability of transformer failure also has been investigated. Soil and structure interaction modeling was carried out using a beam on a nonlinear Winkler foundation. The effect of the nonlinear soil-structure interaction during dynamic analysis of transformers revealed that the greatest increase in the probability of transformer failure was in the fixed-base condition when the structure was located on soft soil. This intensified the response of the structure and increased the probability of transformer failure by up to 27% for far-field and up to 95% for near-field ground motions. A comparison of the results indicates that the use of 3D isolation systems in transformers in areas with soft clay that are subject to near-field ground motions can strongly reduce the probability of failure and improve the seismic performance of the transformer.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2009

Patent ductus arteriosus(PDA) is an abnormal shunt between the descending aorta and pulmonary artery through the incompletely closed ductus arteriosus and is the most common congenital heart defect in dogs. Recent human genetic studies found that a the gene mutation in transcription factor AP-2 beta(TFAP2B) was responsible for syndromic cases of PDA. Mutations in the TFAP2B gene are associated with certain congenital cardiac defects in humans that include PDA. In this study, we isolated the entire coding exons of canine TFAP2B gene for genetic screening in dogs with PDA. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence suggested that the canine TFAP2B are phylogenetically closer to the human TFAP2B(100% identity in amino acid sequence) than mouse and rat. In cTFAP2B gene screening, one single c.936+203G>A base change was found in affected Maltese dogs with PDA. However, further screening found the same base change in one unaffected control dog, suggesting this base change might be polymorphism. No other base changes were found in other dog breeds enrolled in this study. Because the base change was located in the intronic region and found in an unaffected control dog, TFAP2B might not be responsible for familial PDA in Malteses and sporadic cases of other dog breeds, although the gene promoter region should be investigated before reaching to this conclusion. A future study that may take this study further would be to collect more samples and to screen TFAP2B in various breeds of dogs with PDA and other various congenital heart defects.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the far-infrared emissivity of patented ocher quilt cotton fabrics and to investigate the microorganisms that survived the washing of cotton fabrics up to 20 times. Methods: A 16S rRNA assay was performed using a far-infrared radiometer and a single colony in which microorganisms grew in nutrient media. Results: The far-infrared emissivity of ocher quilt was 0.902 (90.2%) at 5~20 ㎛ at 40℃, and the radiation energy was 3.63 × 10² w/m². The number of viable cells was 2.0 × 10² cells/ml in ocher duvet cotton fabric, and no viable bacteria found in regular cotton fabric. The base sequence of 16S rRNA of B-2 strain isolated into single colonies was 1,419 bases, and the base sequence of strain A-4 was 1,284 bases. The base sequence of 16S rRNA of these two strains showed high homology with Bacillus spp. The B-2 bacteria showed high homology with 99.0% of the 16S rRNA sequence of B. aryabhattai EF114313 and 99.0% of the A-4 bacteria of B. bingmayongensis AKCS01000011. Consequently the colony strain B-2 finally identified as B. aryabhattai BJ-2 and A-4 as B. bingmayongensis BJ-4 strain. Concusions: Soil Bacillus strains survived in ocher quilt cotton fabric after 20 washing. The material can be useful because quilt cotton fabric emits a large amount of far-infrared and far-infrared radiation energy.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.324-329
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• 2015

For the restoration of lateral connectivity between rivers and floodplains, it is important to find the isolated former floodplain (IFF) and to characterize its land use in Korean rivers which were channelized by levee constructions for flood protection. The aim of this study is to map the IFF and to assess its land use pattern in the Nakdong River, Korea. The isolated former floodplain was explored by being overlapped on a digital elevation model (DEM), digital topographic map and design flood level using a geographical information system (GIS) in the Nakdong River basin. The land use of the identified IFF was classified by land-use map. The total number of IFFs was 384 and their total area was $291km^2$. While IFFs were usually surrounded by mountain forest in the upper river area, they tended to be located on wide plain areas in the downstream area of Nakdong River. The land use pattern of IFFs was mostly farmland (73.9%) and urban areas (12.7%) in the river. The results of delineation and land use analysis of isolated former floodplain in the Nakdong River will be used as a base line data for planning stream restoration.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 1984

The structure of tuguaconitine, MP $196{\sim}198^{\circ}C$, a new diterpene alkaloid isolated from the roots of Aconitum sibiricum P., was studied. Its empirical formula is $C_{23}H_{35}NO_7$ and spectroscopic evidence shows that the base contains three methoxyl, three hydroxyl and one N-ethyl groups. The acute toxicities of most of Aconitum species were strong and the acute toxicity of the alkaloid fraction of A. sibiricum was decreased by Glycyrrhizae, black bean or Zingiberis extract.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.359-367
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• 2018

Long-lived Small Modular Reactors are being promoted as an innovative way of catering to emerging markets and isolated regions. They can be operated continuously for decades without requiring additional fuel. A novel configuration of long-lived reactor core employs a mixed neutron spectrum, providing an improvement in nonproliferation metrics and in safety characteristics. Starting with a base sodium reactor design, moderating material is inserted in outer core assemblies to modify the fast spectrum. The assemblies are shuffled once during core lifetime to ensure that every fuel rod is exposed to the thermalized spectrum. The Mixed Spectrum Reactor is able to maintain a core lifetime over two decades while ensuring the plutonium it breeds is below the weapon-grade limit at the fuel discharge. The main drawbacks of the design are higher front-end fuel cycle costs and a 58% increase in core volume, although it is alleviated to some extent by a 48% higher power output.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2001

4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase plays an essential role in the 4-aminobutyric acid shunt, converting 4-aminobutyrate to succinic semi aldehyde. We isolated and sequenced' a fish cDNA fragment that encodes 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase. A brain cDNA library from flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was constructed using the ZAP- III XR vector and screened for the fish 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase gene using a probe derived from the conserved sequences of known mammalian 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferases. A partial cDNA for 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase was cloned and found to be 700 bp in length corresponding to 66 amino acids. Nucleotide sequence of the clone was aligned with NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) DNA sequence data base. The result showed high sequence identity with previously reported mammalian 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferases. The trans­criptional level of flounder 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase was detected with the presence of mRNA at different flounder tissues by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of flounder 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase was also tested and detected from the flounder tissues of the brain, liver, kidney and pancreas.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.99-112
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• 2016

During earthquake, reinforced concrete walls show complicated post-yield behavior varying with shear span-to-depth ratio, re-bar detail, and loading condition. In the present study, a macro-model for the nonlinear analysis of multi-story wall structures was developed. To conveniently describe the coupled flexure-compression and shear responses, a reinforced concrete wall was idealized with longitudinal and diagonal uniaxial elements. Simplified cyclic material models were used to describe the cyclic behavior of concrete and re-bars. For verification, the proposed method was applied to various existing test specimens of isolated and coupled walls. The results showed that the predictions agreed well with the test results including the load-carrying capacity, deformation capacity, and failure mode. Further the proposed model was applied to an existing wall structure tested on a shaking table. Three-dimensional nonlinear time history analyses using the proposed model were performed for the test specimen. The time history responses of the proposed method agreed with the test results including the lateral displacements and base shear.