• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2002

Various kinds of estimation methods have been developed for imputation of categorical missing data. They include category method, logistic regression, and association rule. In this study, we propose two fusions algorithms based on both neural network and voting scheme that combine the results of individual imputation methods. A Mont-Carlo simulation is used to compare the performance of these methods. Five factors used to simulate the missing data pattern are (1) input-output function, (2) data size, (3) noise of input-output function (4) proportion of missing data, and (5) pattern of missing data. Experimental study results indicate the following: when the data size is small and missing data proportion is large, modal category method, association rule, and neural network based fusion have better performances than the other methods. However, when the data size is small and correlation between input and missing output is strong, logistic regression and neural network barred fusion algorithm appear better than the others. When data size is large with low missing data proportion, a large noise, and strong correlation between input and missing output, neural networks based fusion algorithm turns out to be the best choice.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.819-829
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of general characteristics, menopause status, dietary patterns and nutrient intakes between women aged from 30 to 65 years old with a hypercholesterolemia group and normocholesterolemia group. The subjects were classified as belonging to the hypercholesterolemia group or normocholesterolemia group barred on The Guidelines for Korean Hyperlipidemia. Dietary intakes of fatty acids were measured by means of a 24-hr recall method with food models and measuring tools. We analyzed both data sets together using analysis of variance chi-square test and student's t-test(SPSS for WINDOWS, version 7.5). Significance was defied as a p value < 0.05. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Mean age and BMI of the hypercholesteroemia group were significantly higher than those of the normocholesterolemia group. Intakes of cereal, vegetables, mushrooms and sea food in the normocholesterolemia group were significantly higher than those in the hypercholesterolemia group. Most of the nutrient intakes were not significantly different between the normocholesterolemia group and the hypercholesterolemia group. However, vitamin E intake of the normocholesterolemia group was significantly higher than that of the hypercholesterolemia group. There was a significant negative correlation between vitamin E intake and serum TC(r = -.363, p < 0.001) and LDL-C(r = -.359, p < 0.001). In addition, Serum TG had significantly correlation with carbohydrate(r = 0.137, p < 0.001) and vitamin E intake(r = -0.134, p < 0.001). Therefore, women who suffered from hypercholesterolemia were recommended to control body weight, and to consume foods containing high vitamin E and foods containing high dietary fiber such as vegetables, mushrooms, and sea food.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.151-159
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• 2016

The discussion was started from the question about how literary linguistic expressions are reproduced in the movies. This study focuses on the cinematized version of Jelinek's "Die Klavierspielerin", the by Michael Haneke. and looking for cinematization of literary works and these aesthetic values. The original delicately describes the life of Erika who has been living under the supervision and control by her mother. The topic of the is the conflict between the controlling mother and the desires of the heroin Erika who has been living under the suppression. The world of suppression symbolized by her mother is described as closed and dark space while the world of Erika and her desires, represented by Walter is described as open and bright space. The life of Erika living under control symbolized by prison-like double doors, iron-barred window, darkness and shadow is abnormally distorted. Even the piano that must be the center of her life as a pianist is also one of the symbols of dark world of suppression.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.463-464
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• 2015

It has been suggested that only the most luminous AGNs ($L{\gtrsim}10^{45}erg/s$) are triggered by galaxy mergers, while less luminous AGNs ($L{\sim}10^{43}erg/s$) are driven by other internal processes. The lack of merging features in low luminosity AGN host galaxies has been a primary argument against the idea of merger triggering of low luminosity AGNs. But a merger, especially a rather minor one, might still have played an important role in low luminosity AGNs, as minor merging features at low luminosities are more difficult to identify than major merging features. Using SNUCAM on the 1.5 m telescope at Maidanak observatory, we obtained deep optical images of NGC 7743, a barred spiral galaxy classified as a Seyfert 2 AGN with a low bolometric luminosity of $5{\times}10^{42}erg/s$. Surprisingly, we discovered a merging feature around the galaxy, which indicates past merging activity in the galaxy. This example indicates that the merging fraction of low luminosity AGNs may be much higher than previously thought, hinting at the importance of galaxy mergers even in low luminosity AGNs.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.9C no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

Digital image watermarking is a technique for the purpose of protecting the ownership of the image by embedding proprietary watermarks in a digital image. It is required for the digital image watermarking scheme to pursue the robustness against water marking attacks and the perceptual Invisibility more than usual in steganography area, to guarantee not a hidden watermarking algorithm but the publicity of water-marking algorithm details and hidden use of key, which can protect the unauthorized user access from detection. In this paper we propose a new copyright watermarking scheme, which is barred on one-way hash functions using ElGamal functions and modular operations. ElGamal functions are widely used in cryptographic systems. Our watermarking scheme is robust against LSB(least significant bit) attacks and gamma correction attack, and also perceptually invisible. We demonstrate the characteristics of our proposed watermarking scheme through experiments. It is necessary to proceed as the future work the algorithm of achieving at the same time both the pseudo-randomness for the steno-key generation and the asymmetric-key generation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.57-66
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• 2001

This paper resents a control approach for designing a fuzzy-PI controller for a synchronous generator excitation and SVC system A combination of thyristor-controlled reactors and fixed capacitors (TCR-FC) type SVC is recognized as having the must fiexible control and high speed response, which has been widely utilized in power systems, is considered and designed to improve the response of a synchronous generator, as well as controlling the system voltage A Fuzzy-PI controller for SVC system was proposed in this paper. The PI gain parameters of the proposed Fuzzy-PI controller which is a special type of PI ones are self-tuned by fuzzy inference technique. It is natural that the fuzzy inference technique should be barred on humans intuitions and empirical knowledge. Nonetheless, the conventional ones were not so. Therefore, In this paper, the fuzzy inference technique of PI gains using MMGM(Min Max Gravity Method) which is very similar to humans inference procedures, was presented and allied to the SVC system. The system dynamic responses are examined after applying all small disturbance condition.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.9A no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2002

For the efficient collaboration awareness, the CSCW (Computer-Supported Cooperative Work) systems provide functions such as telepointing, snap-shot, and document/project tracking. Among these, telepointing allows an event occurrence on the shared window of a local computing system to be presented in remote computing systems. Although telepointing has been mentioned in the literature, few research papers deal with the functional requirements and protocols for telepointing. This parer describes the functional requirements and payload format for RTP (Real-Time Transport Protocol)-based telepointing. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed RTP-barred telepointing, we have implemented a whiteboard and compared it with that of the Microsoft Netmeeting. The evaluation results show that the proposed telepointing performs better in terms of CPU usage and the amount of network traffic.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.1912-1920
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• 2021

Objective: This study investigated the effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) on the motility parameters, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and ATP levels in chicken sperm. Methods: The pooled semen from Barred Plymouth Rock males was used. In the first experiment, the semen was diluted 4-times with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS (-)) containing various concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mM) of 5-ALA, and then the sperm motility parameters after incubation were evaluated by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). In the second experiment, the semen was diluted 4-times with PBS (-) containing 0.05 mM 5-ALA, and then sperm mitochondrial membrane depolarization and ATP levels after 1.5 h of incubation were analyzed with the MitoPT^® JC-1 Assay and ATP Assay kits, respectively. In the third experiment, the semen was removed from the seminal plasma and resuspended with the mediums of PBS (-), PBS (-) supplemented with CaCl₂ and MgCl₂ (PBS (+)) + 5-ALA, PBS (+) + caffeine, and PBS (+) + caffeine + 5-ALA. Then, the sperm motility parameters after incubation were evaluated by CASA. In the last experiment, the semen was treated with the mediums of PBS (-), PBS (-) + 5-ALA, 5.7% glucose, 5.7% glucose + 5-ALA after removing the seminal plasma, and then the sperm motility parameters were evaluated by CASA. Results: The addition of 0.05 mM 5-ALA significantly increased the chicken sperm motility, progressive motility, linearity, average path velocity, curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, and the wobble. The sperm mitochondrial membrane depolarization was also increased by the 5-ALA treatment. The 5-ALA treatment decreased the sperm ATP levels. Both the caffeine treatment and glucose treatment decreased the sperm motility during incubation period. Conclusion: 5-ALA might increase sperm mitochondrial membrane depolarization to utilize the ATP for enhancing sperm movement.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2019

Objective: The first stage in both breeding and programs for the conservation of genetic resources are the identification of genetic diversity in the relevant population. The aim of the present study is to identify genetic diversity of six brown layer pure chicken lines (Rhode Island Red [RIRI, RIRII], Barred Rock [BARI, BARII], Columbian Rock [COL], and line 54 [L-54]) with microsatellite markers. Furthermore, the study aims to employ its findings to discuss the possibilities for the conservation and sustainable use of these lines that have been bred as closed populations for a long time. Methods: In the present study, a total number of 180 samples belonging to RIRI (n = 30), RIRII (n = 30), BARI (n = 30), BARII (n = 30), L-54 (n = 30), and COL (n = 30) lines were genotyped using 22 microsatellite loci. Microsatellite markers are extremely useful tools in the identification of genetic diversity since they are distributed throughout the eukaryotic genome in multitudes, demonstrate co-dominant inheritance and they feature a high rate of polymorphism and repeatability. Results: In this study, we found all loci to be polymorphic and identified the average number of alleles per locus to be in the range between 4.41 (BARI) and 5.45 (RIRI); the observed heterozygosity to be in the range between 0.31 (RIRII) and 0.50 (BARII); and $F_{IS}$ (inbreeding coefficient) values in the range between 0.16 (L-54) and 0.46 (RIRII). The $F_{IS}$ values obtained in this context points out to a deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium due to heterozygote deficiency in six different populations. The Neighbour-Joining tree, Factorial Correspondence Analysis and STRUCTURE clustering analyzes showed that six brown layer lines were separated according to their genetic origins. Conclusion: The results obtained from the study indicate a medium level of genetic diversity, high level inbreeding in chicken lines and high level genetic differentiation between chicken lines.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.220-226
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to observe the reproductive behavior of the marine medaka, Oryzias dancena, and determine the factors of reproductive behavior to provide useful information for improving their artificial reproduction techniques. The reproductive behavior of the marine medaka was observed in laboratory aquaria. Once the experiment began, all of the males chased the females. The males attempted to stimulate the urogenital openings of the females. While chasing a female, a large male would bite a relatively small male's anus. Larger males expelled smaller males with biting, and the defeated males were barred from the female. After the other males were expelled, the remaining male approached and drew alongside the female. The male's dorsal and anal fins covered the female's body. Spawning began after complete covering took place. Spawning of males and females occurred simultaneously. The loadings for 2 factors were calculated. The calculation was restricted to 2 factors because these 2 factors explained about 81% of the total common variance (P<0.05) and the following factors possessed no practical significance. Two movements (biting, expelling) had high positive values for factor one. This factor related a male's defensive behavior to courtship behavior and spawning, and explained 23.1% of the total common variance (P<0.05). The second factor had high positive values for chasing, rejection, covering, and parallel swimming. This factor related a male's courtship behavior and female's defensive behavior to spawning, and explained 59.7% of the total common variance (P<0.05). This research provided basic biological data for the conservation of this species and useful information for improving their artificial reproduction techniques.