• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2013

The current GPU virtualization techniques incur large overheads when executing application programs mainly due to the fine-grain time-sharing scheduling of the GPU among multiple Virtual Machines (VMs). Besides, the current techniques lack of portability, because they include the APIs for the GPU computations in the VM monitor. In this paper, we propose a low overhead and high performance GPU virtualization approach on a heterogeneous HPC system based on the open-source Xen. Our proposed techniques are tailored to the bio applications. In our virtualization framework, we allow a VM to solely occupy a GPU once the VM is assigned a GPU instead of relying on the time-sharing the GPU. This improves the performance of the applications and the utilization of the GPUs. Our techniques also allow a direct pass-through to the GPU by using the IOMMU virtualization features embedded in the hardware for the high portability. Experimental studies using microbiology genome analysis applications show that our proposed techniques based on the direct pass-through significantly reduce the overheads compared with the previous Domain0 based approaches. Furthermore, our approach closely matches the performance for the applications to the bare machine or rather improves the performance.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.148-152
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• 2007

The prototype of color fitters for the liquid crystal displays (LCD) using cholesteric liquid crystal monomers was produced. Cholesteric liquid crystal is characterized by the unique optical features of selective reflection, which is due to the helical twisting structures of LCs comparable to the wavelength of the incident light under certain conditions of substrate treatment. In the results of the experiment, cholesteric films for red, green, and blue light reflections respectively were produced and the viewing angle dependence of these films were investigated. Reflective light of red and green films shifted to shorter wavelength regions as viewing angle becomes greater, but blue one shifted very little. Periodic micrometer-sized half-spherical photoresist formed by thermal reflow method after photo-lithography was patterned on glass substrates. The viewing angle dependence of reflective light colors of red, green, and blue films on the patterned substrates compared with those on no patterned substrates was investigated. We could confirm the dependences were much smaller on the patterned substrates by bare eyes and Lab-color coordination methods qualitatively.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.303-312
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• 2006

The asymmetric hybrid membranes of polyethersulfone (PES) and $ZrO_2$ nanoparticles were prepared via new one-step procedure combining simultaneously the phase-inversion method and the sol-gel technique. The optimum contents of $Zr(PrO)_4\;and\;HNO_3$ catalyst were determined by the adsorption experiments of phosphate anion onto the resulting hybrid membranes. The maximum adsorption of phosphate anion is obtained at the conditions of 0.15 mL $Zr(PrO)_4$ addition per 1 mL PES and 30 mL $HNO_3$ addition per 1 mL $Zr(PrO)_4$. Variation of morphology, performance and incorporated $ZrO_2$ amount of the resulting hybrid membranes were discussed and determined using SEM, pure water flux, TGA, ICP, XRD and contact angle measurements. Increasing $Zr(PrO)_4$ addition into casting solution, pure water flux is increased and $ZrO_2$ amount in the hybrid membrane is maximized at the conditions 0.15 mL $Zr(PrO)_4$ addition per 1 mL PES. The prephosphatation of PES-$ZrO_2$ hybrid membrane was studied to modify the surface characteristics of membrane. Ultrafiltration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution was performed in a dead-end cell using both a bare (non-phosphated) and a phosphated hybrid membrane. It is revealed that both the permeate flux and BSA rejection were increased as about 40% by prephosphatation of hybrid membrane. These results may be explained on the basis of the increase of membrane hydrophilicity, which was determined from contact angle measurements.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.83-93
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• 2008

Assessing for flora distribution is necessary for land management and environmental research in reclaimed lands. This study was conducted to find out the relationship between vegetation distribution and soil salinity on three reclaimed tidal flats of Kyonggi-bay in the mid-west coast of Korea. We investigated the soil salinity and identified the vegetation at the continuum distribution spots, and describe the characteristics of continuum distribution. On the reclaimed tidal flats, spatial variation of vegetation formed partially, however as the result for connection of each spatial variation along with the soil salinity, continuum distribution formed and it was overlapped edaphic gradient with vegetation distribution, it means that the continuum distribution correspond with soil salinity gradient, as the evidence high salt tolerance species occurred at high saline spots, non salt tolerance species occurred at low saline spots. On the aged reclaimed tidal flats, continuum type was various and also clearly distinguished but it was not clear on the early stage of reclamation. The continuum distribution distinguished sequential and non-sequential type. Sequential type started from high saline zone and connected to low saline zone gradually, on this type, vegetation changed from pioneer halophyte to facultative halophyte and glycophyte along with the salinity gradient. Non-sequential type formed by non-sequential change of soil salinity, on this type, vegetation distribution was non-regular form because it has not changed gradually. In the aged reclaimed land, vegetation wilted zone existed with high salinity, and continuum distribution started from this zone with bare patch.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.64-68
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• 2012

Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) is one of the highest maintained turfgrass but often problematic especially for Kentucky bluegrass fairway. Mesotrione is one of selective herbicide that is firstly registered for corn (Zea mays L.) and provides preemergence and postemergence control of broadleaf and annual grassy weeds. Although mesotrione is effective to eradicate area contaminated by creeping bentgrass, protracted time is required to recover damaged area by rhizome extension of Kentucky bluegrass. Overseeding is typically used to fill bare or damaged areas using appropriate turf species to create a uniform turfgrass surface. The objectives of this study were to evaluate mesotrione and seeding rate effects to recover Kentucky bluegrass contaminated by creeping bentgrass. Six treatments consisted of three mesotrione rates and two Kentucky bluegrass seeding rates. The mesotrione rate were 0, 0.05 and 0.10 m $ml^{-2}$. Two seeding rate of to Kentucky bluegrass 'Midnight' were 15 and 30 g $m^{-2}$. Mesotrione application and Kentucky bluegrass overseeding at the same time is helpful to damage creeping bentgrass but not for establishment of Kentucky bluegrass to refill damaged area. To maximize mesotrione effects, temperature above $20^{\circ}C$ would be recommended based on this study.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

The limestone area covers the narrow range of the Korean Peninsula, and it consists of a peculiar ecosystem and topography. Therefore, this study on limestone area was carried out classification of vegetation type, physicochemical properties of forest soils and correlation between environment factors and vegetation types in order to furnish fundamental data for the forest management of limestone area. Forest vegetation was classified into two community groups such as Quercus variabilis community group and Quercus mongolica community group, and it was classified into eight vegetation units. Soil texture of survey sites showed largely silt loam and soil pH indicated the value of mean 7.55 in the A layer of soil profile. Content of exchangeable cation such as calcium ion ($Ca^{2+}$) and magnesium ion ($Mg^{2+}$) showed $26.04cmol_{c}/kg$ and $2.93cmol_{c}/kg$, respectively, which was about ten times higher than average of other regions of Korea. According to corelation between environmental factors and vegetation units, Q. variabilis community group was positively correlated to soil pH, slope degree and the rate of bare rock, and content of calcium ion ($Ca^{2+}$), and then Q. mongolica community group was positively correlated to altitude, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 2015

This work demonstrates the indoor SI-traceable calibration of a transmissometer with a 75-m baseline for the measurement of visibility in MOR (Meteorological Optical Range). The calibration is performed using a set of neutral density (ND) filters (OD 0.1-2.5) and a set of high-transmission quartz glass plates (a bare quartz glass plate and antireflective-coated quartz glass plates), the collection consisting of 20 artifacts in total. The luminous transmittance values of the reference artifacts had been calibrated traceable to the KRISS spectral transmittance scale, which ranges from 0.2 % to 99.5 %. The transmissometer to be calibrated typically consists of a loosely collimated light source based on a white LED (CCT ~5000 K) and a luminous intensity detector with a CIE 1924 V(${\lambda}$) spectral response. As a result of calibration, we obtained the MOR error and its uncertainty for the transmissometer in 20 m - 40 km of MOR. Based on the results, we investigated the applicability of the calibration method and the conformity of the transmissometer to the ICAO's (International Civil Aviation Organization) accuracy requirement for meteorological visibility measurement. We expect that this work will establish the standard procedure for the SI-traceable calibration of a transmissometer.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.335-344
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: Cyantraniliprole is a systemic diamide insecticide that has been used to control lepidopteran pests in agriculture. Cyantraniliprole has become an issue due to its potentiality of unexpectable contamination in rotational crop cultivation. Thus, studies on the evaluation of cyantraniliprole translocated from soil into rotational crops are required. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cyantraniliprole was treated at a yearly maximum application level onto bare soil under greenhouse conditions in two geographically different regions. Lettuce was transplanted and spinach and radish were sown onto the soil 30 and 60 days-plant back intervals (PBIs) after cyantraniliprole treatment. The QuEChERS method was modified and coupled with LC/MS/MS analysis to determine the residues of cyantraniliprole in soil and plant samples. The methods for sample preparation and instrumental conditions were validated to meet the criteria of Codex guidelines and were successful to determine cyantraniliprole quantitatively and qualitatively in the samples. Cyantraniliprole residues in lettuce samples were 0.01 mg/kg for PBI 60 and 0.02 mg/kg for PBI 30, respectively. The residues in spinach samples were 0.01 mg/kg for PBI 60 and 0.01~0.02 mg/kg for PBI 30, respectively. Less than limit of the quantitation (LOQ) level (0.01 mg/kg) of cyantraniliprole was observed in radish samples. The residues in the plant samples were found as the levels less than maximum residue limit (MRL) for leafy and root vegetables. CONCLUSION(S): This study suggests PBI 30~60 days for rotational cultivation of lettuce, spinach and radish in greenhouse soil treated with cyantraniliprole at a yearly maximum application level.

• Journal of Korean Theatre Studies Association
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• no.48
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• pp.5-50
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• 2012

In these days, we come across a growing interest in animals from various perspectives. Considering that the posthumanistic point of view forms the major stream of postmodern humanities, ethics and philosophies, this paper tries to study the liminality between human beings and animal as appear in postmodern plays. The cases of a middle-aged architect falling in love with a goat (The Goat, or Who is Sylvia? by Edward Albee); An abandoned (human-)dog that encounters his old mistress under the moonlight (A leaseholder by Yoon Young-sun); Coexistence of men, dog, plants in a Country life (White Cherry by Bae Sam-sik); A Mutual sympathy between a swarm of bees and a woman dying of cancer(Bee by Bae Sam-sik) were discussed referring such concepts as 'Otherness' of Derrida, 'Becoming'of Deleuze, 'a bare life' of Agamben and ecological co-existence. In The Goat, the moment of Martin who happened to meet a goat's eyes in a suburbs can be paralleled with that of Derrida who one day found himself caught up with the gaze of a cat in the bathroom while he was naked. They shared the common experience in that they went through the ontological and mysterious abyss that rendered them to raise the question of "Who am I ?" In A leaseholder, a young woman returns to her hometown exhausted by the calculating human society and meet her old time (human-dog). This story reminds us of Agamben's werewolf, Levinas's dog Bobby and Derrida's Zootobiography. He, an abandoned pet, both excluded and included from human society, now appearing as a mysterious human-dog, welcomes, embraces, and comprehends his old mistress and exposes his individual remorses and passions as an animal-subject. In White Cherry, the author describes the coexistence of all the life-beings such as an old dog, a golden bell tree, the deceased daughter and even a fossil remains in a country life. Bee is a story of a beekeeping village where bees were leaving and disappearing. A swam of bees fly down on a woman who was dying of cancer. With physical and spiritual empathy the dying woman helps the swarm of bee to conduct a new birth and a new life.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.204-211
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for setting environmental design standards for domestic greenhouses. We conducted experiments on thermal environment measurement at two commercial greenhouses where hot water heating system is adopted. We analyzed heat transfer characteristics of hot water heating pipes and heat emission per unit length of heating pipes was presented. The average air temperature in two greenhouses was controlled to $16.3^{\circ}C$ and $14.6^{\circ}C$ during the experiment, respectively. The average water temperature in heating pipes was $52.3^{\circ}C$ and $45.0^{\circ}C$, respectively. Experimental results showed that natural convection heat transfer coefficient of heating pipe surface was in the range of $5.71{\sim}7.49W/m^2^{\circ}C$. When the flow rate in heating pipe was 0.5m/s or more, temperature difference between hot water and pipe surface was not large. Based on this, overall heat transfer coefficient of heating pipe was derived as form of laminar natural convection heat transfer coefficient in the horizontal cylinder. By modifying the equation of overall heat transfer coefficient, a formula for calculating the heat emission per unit length of hot water heating pipe was developed, which uses pipe size and temperature difference between hot water and indoor air as input variables. The results of this study were compared with domestic and foreign data, and it was found to be closest to JGHA data. The data of NAAS, BALLS and ASHRAE were judged to be too large. Therefore, in order to set up environmental design standards for domestic greenhouses, it is necessary to fully examine those data through further experiments.