• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

Although there are many kinds of advanced ballast water management systems, pioneering studies for ballast-water free ship and minimal ballast water ship concepts are in progress. In this study, the existing alternatives of ballast water are reviewed and a new design concept is studied on the basis of the existing bulk carrier hull form. To develop a new design alternative which has minimal ballast for ballast water discharge free operation, the new concept should have technical feasibilities that are related to the role of the ballast water, berth access, loading constraints, etc. For this purpose, a simplified systems engineering basis design approach is adopted using a business model as the system analysis and control tool. To check the performance feasibility of the new concept, ship resistance performance is reviewed based on a model scale ship resistance performance analysis.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.282-287
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• 2009

As current international guideline and IMO regulation give severe restrictions for ships to manage ballast water to reduce unintentional organism transfers, several ballast water treatment systems recently have been being developed together with filtration. That is because discharging ballast water from ships causes many pollutions by foreign biological invasive species. The primary treatment system being considered in this study was based on fine screen filtration technology applied to ballast water filter in ballast tank in order to reduce the load of ballast water treatment system. New ballast water filtration system was invented and analysed. The structural stress and strain analysis for ballast filtration systems which are current and invented filters were carried out using UGS and Ansys. The results showed that the structure of current filtering module was not designed to meet the requirement of sea water filtration during ballasting operation. The studies also showed that the invented design of filtration system equipped with back washing and automatic scrapper for eliminating cake of bio-species might be a potentially effective technology for ballast water management of ship's ballast tank.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.214-220
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• 2008

The Ballast Water Management Convention provides that ballast water treatment systems which make use of active substances shall be approved from IMO according to the procedure developed by the IMO. The Convention described that active substance means a substance or organism, including a virus or a fungus, that has a general or specific action on or against harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens. The Marine Environment Protection Committee of IMO gave basic approval to 13 ballast water management systems and final approval to 4 systems until October 2008. This paper considered the matter of procedure and documents of the basic and final approval based on the "Procedure for approval of ballast water management systems that make use of Active Substances (G9)" and "The Methodology for information gathering and the conduct of work of the GESAMP-BWWG" and summarized the specifications of the treatment systems which was granted the basic or final approval from IMO and raised several points.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.171-184
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• 2005

As recently, ' International convention for the control and management of ship's ballast water and sediments ' was adopted, it is necessary to accept the international convention in Korea. The systems of foreign countries for ship's ballast water control and management were investigated, and domestic environment-related laws were reviewed and compared regarding the discharge of industrial wastewater and ship's ballast water. Alternative measures of domestic legislation were suggested for acceptance of the international convention.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.325-332
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• 2014

In installing ballast water treatment system, the cost of the system is high and many technical aspects are to be considered and also it takes significant time to retro-fitting on the existing ships. In addition, in the current circumstance which the Ballast Water Management Convention has not been entered into force, the 28th IMO Assembly adopted a resolution to mediate the implementation schedule of the treatment systems. In the mean time, California State and New York State have declared more stringent discharge requirements of ballast water and are planning to implement them earlier than the schedule of the Convention. In these circumstances, the implication in the difference between ballast water treatment system manufacturers and ship owners need to be considered. In this study, through the review on the considerations when installing the system onboard, stringent requirements of United States of America, and determent or mediated implementation schedules of Convention and California and New York States, the author would like to suggest the strategy of concerned parties for anticipated entrry into force of the Convention and implementation of the stringent requirements of United States of America.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2012

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments in 2004 to prevent the transfer of aquatic organisms via ballast water. Thirty-four ballast water treatment systems were granted IMO active substance basic approval, among which twenty systems were granted final approval. This paper is an in-depth consideration of the mechanism principles of the treatment systems that received active substance basic or final approval from IMO, and on the concentration of Total Residual Oxidant (TRO). The TRO maximum allowable discharge concentration was reduced by neutralization equipment, resulting with a concentration lower than 0.2 ppm. However, between various treatment systems TRO maximum allowable dosage showed large differences, ranging from 1 to 15 ppm. The discrepancies of treatment allowable dosage concentration between different treatment systems are largely due to the properties of species and water conditions such as the temperature and turbidity, rather than the characteristics of treatment systems and the type or presence of filters etc.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.172-172
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• 2016

The International Maritime Organization(IMO) adopted the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments in 2004 to prevent the transfer of aquatic organisms via ballast water. Forty ballast water treatment systems were granted final approval. A variety of techniques have been developed for ballast water treatment including UV treatment, indirect or direct electrolysis, ozone treatment, chemical compounds and plasma-arc method. In particular, using plasma and ozone nano-bubble treatments have been attracted in the fields. However, these treatment systems have a problem such as remained toxic substance, demand for high power source, low efficiency, ets. In this paper, we present our strilization results obtained from membrane type electrolytic-reduction treatment system The core of an electrolysis unit is an electrochemical cell, which is filled with pure water and has two electrodes connected with an external power supply. At a certain voltage, which is called critical voltage, between both electrodes, the electrodes start to produce hydrogen gas at the negatively biased electrode and oxygen gas at the positively biased electrode. The amount of gases produced per unit time is directly related to the current that passes through the electrochemical cell. From the results, we could confirm the sterilization effect of bacteria such as S. aureus, E. Coli and demonstrate the mechanism of sterilization phenomena by electrolytic-reduction treatment system.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.72
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• pp.185-210
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• 2016

The climate change has become one of the most important global issues that require global responses. As one of the leading contributions to climate change, greenhouse gas emissions and Ballast Water Management have attracted growing attention from the international community. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) received its mandate to regulate International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments in 2004. The convention requires that every vessel must be equipped Ballast Water Management System (BWMS) in 2017. Based on this situation, this study aims to analyze the present state and data from the exports of BWMS(HS842121). The results show that as the most leading country in the field, Germany has the largest market share (14.33%), Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index 1.76, and Trade Specialization Index (TSI) 0.636 in the world. The two other leading countries such as Denmark and Netherlands follows the ability of Germany. The Korean market share of HS842121 shows market share (5.98%) which is a bit bellow high compared to other countries. However the RCA index (1.85) presents the state of comparative advantage. In addition, Korea's TSI index (0.453) indicates that it is in the state of export specialization. The Korean BWMS and Shipbuilding industry maintain the state of export specialization. They are also in the state of import specialty. For Korea to raise its export competitiveness and to ensure shipbuilding competitiveness, it is necessary to intensify supporting systems and related policies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.483-492
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• 2020

In this study, we compared and analyzed the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Trade Specialization Index (TSI) based on ballast water management systems (BWMS) trade data, which are related to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Ballast Water Management Convention to suggest the current status of Korea's industrial competitiveness and suggest future development directions for the BWMS industry. As international interest in eco-friendly vessels is expanding, the IMO is engaged in dramatic discussions and agreement-making related to marine emissions of pollutants from ships. IMO member states that must implement this convention are striving to develop technology and secure industrial competitiveness as major industries in the eco-friendly shipping sector, with the BWMS industry experiencing a high market entry barrier and the possibility of the leading market entrants gaining leadership. The Republic of Korea accounts for 17 (approximately 38 %) of the 45 BWMS that received final approval as of October 2019. Based on trade data relating to product codes HS842219, HS84212, and HS89, the RCA index and TSI were calculated and compared. The findings revealed that the Republic of Korea has relative inferiority compared to countries such as Germany and Denmark. Despite this, Korea's favorable industrial environment, which includes several IMO-approved BWMS technologies and the possession of domestic certification institutions, is likely to strengthen its competitiveness in the BWMS market.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.349-357
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• 2009

Ballast water is widely recognized as a serious environmental problem due to the risk of introducing non-indigenous aquatic species. In this study we aimed to investigate measures which can minimize the transfer of aquatic organisms from ballast water. Securing more reliable technologies to determine the viability of aquatic organisms is an important initiative in ballast water management systems. To evaluate the viability of marine phytoplankton, we designed the staining methods of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and Calcein-AM assay on each target species belonging to different groups, such as bacillariphyceae, dinophyceae, raphidophyceae, chrysophyceae, haptophyceae and chlorophyceae. The FDA method, which is based on measurements of cell esterase activity using a fluorimetric stain, was the best dye for determining live cells of almost all phytoplankton species, except several diatoms tested in this study. On the other hand, although fluorescence of Calcein-AM was very clear for a comparatively longer time, green fluorescence per cell volume was lacking in most of the tested species. According to the Flow CAM method, which is a continuous imaging technique designed to characterize particles, green fluorescence values of stained cells by FDA were significantly higher than those of Calcein-AM treatments and control, implying that the Flow CAM using FDA assay could be adapted as an important tool for distinguishing living cells from dead cells. Our results suggest that the FDA and Calcein-AM methods can be adapted for use on phytoplankton, though species-specific characters are greatly different from one organism to another.