• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.82-108
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• 2023

As tension escalates between the US and China, scenarios for maintaining peace in Northeast Asia imply that secondary powers will perceive increasing incentives to reappraise their respective international roles. This analysis proposes that an analysis of France's Cold War role in Europe and the world under President Charles de Gaulle provides insights into conflict management in an increasingly multipolar international political environment. Their respective interests in preventing a so-called new Cold War emerging between the US and China include avoiding its excessive economic costs, if only because China is a massive trade partner. This study engages in theoretical framework-informed process tracing of de Gaulle's role. It explicates the assumptions that functionally underpinned de Gaulle's policy of soft balancing between the US and China. The analysis explores de Gaulle's contribution to the decay of the Cold War. It illuminates de Gaulle's contribution to a regional international environment that made West German Chancellor Willy Brandt's Ostpolitik strategy more feasible politically. This study applies these findings in the formulation of strategy recommendations focusing on Japan. Valid inferences regarding the predominant motivations driving American and Chinese international interaction are necessary for this task. To the extent to which the US and China have entered into a conflict spiral, Japan's hedging towards Washington is further incentivized. Tokyo would necessarily need to convince the Chinese that Japan is no longer Washington's unsinkable aircraft carrier off its coast. Tokyo, like de Gaulle's France, would maintain close relations with Washington, but it would need to project to its interlocutors its commitment to its own strategic autonomy. Tokyo's emphasis on closer relations with liberal democratic Indo-Pacific actors would potentially fit well with a commitment to strategic autonomy to defend the global liberal order.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.177-188
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• 2018

최근 웹, 소셜 네트워크 서비스, 모바일, 사물인터넷 등의 ICT 기술의 발전으로 인해 처리 및 분석이 필요한 그래프 데이터의 규모가 급속하게 증가하였다. 이러한 대규모 그래프 데이터는 단일 기기에서의 처리가 어렵기 때문에 여러 기기에 나누어 분산/병렬 처리하는 것이 필요하다. 기존 그래프 처리 알고리즘들은 단일 메모리 환경을 기반으로 연구되어 분산/병렬 처리환경에 적용되기 힘들다. 이에 대규모 그래프의 보다 효과적인 분산/병렬 처리를 위해 정점 중심 방식의 그래프 처리 시스템들과, 정점 중심 방식의 단점을 보완한 블록 중심 방식의 그래프 처리 시스템들이 등장하였다. 이러한 시스템들은 초기 그래프 분할 상태가 전체 처리 성능에 상당한 영향을 미친다. 한 번에 최적의 상태로 그래프를 분할하는 것은 매우 어려운 문제이므로, 그래프 처리 시간에 점진적으로 그래프 분할 상태를 개선하는 여러 로드 밸런싱 기법들이 연구되었다. 그러나 기존 기법들은 대부분 정점 중심 그래프 처리 시스템을 대상으로 하여 블록 중심 그래프 처리 시스템에 적용이 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 블록 중심 그래프 처리 시스템을 대상으로 적용 가능한 로드 밸런싱 기법을 제안한다. 제안 기법은 동적으로 블록을 재배치하여 점진적으로 그래프 분할 상태를 개선시키며, 해를 찾아나가는 과정에서 지역 최적해를 벗어나기 위한 블록 분할 전략을 함께 제시한다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.95-101
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• 1999

In this paper, a comparison between different methods to combine predictions from neural networks will be given. These methods are bagging, bumping, and balancing. Those are based on the analysis of the ensemble generalization error into an ambiguity term and a term incorporating generalization performances of individual networks. Neural Networks and AI machine learning models are prone to overfitting. A strategy to prevent a neural network from overfitting, is to stop training in early stage of the learning process. The complete data set is spilt up into a training set and a validation set. Training is stopped when the error on the validation set starts increasing. The stability of the networks is highly dependent on the division in training and validation set, and also on the random initial weights and the chosen minimization procedure. This causes early stopped networks to be rather unstable: a small change in the data or different initial conditions can produce large changes in the prediction. Therefore, it is advisable to apply the same procedure several times starting from different initial weights. This technique is often referred to as training ensembles of neural networks. In this paper, we presented a comparison of three statistical methods to prevent overfitting of neural network.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2003

기존의 신신호 시스템에서 문제점으로 지적되고 있는 과포화 상태에서의 신호제어전략을 개선할 수 있는 방안으로서, 기존의 포화도를 기준으로 한 방식이 아닌 대기행렬의 길이를 균형화 하는 방식을 개발하였다. 이 방식은 대기행렬의 길이를 각 방향별로 동일하게 유지하면서 전체적인 대기행렬의 길이를 감소시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 이 방식을 신호주기 산출 및 현시분할에도 적용하는 방법을 개발하였다. 이 방식은 기존의 방식과 비교하여 거시적으로는 대기행렬의 길이를 감소시킴과 동시에 미시적으로는 차량의 평균지체를 감소시키는 효과를 나타내었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.3496-3514
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• 2015

One of the challenging tasks in Mobile Ad hoc Network is to discover precise optimal routing solution due to the infrastructure-less dynamic behavior of wireless mobile nodes. Ant Colony Optimization, a swarm Intelligence technique, inspired by the foraging behaviour of ants in colonies was used in the past research works to compute the optimal path. In this paper, we propose a Recurrent Ant Colony Optimization (RECACO) that executes the actual Ant Colony Optimization iteratively based on recurrent value in order to obtain an optimal path convergence. Each iteration involves three steps: Pheromone tracking, Pheromone renewal and Node selection based on the residual energy in the mobile nodes. The novelty of our approach is the inclusion of new pheromone updating strategy in both online step-by-step pheromone renewal mode and online delayed pheromone renewal mode with the use of newly proposed metric named ELD (Energy Load Delay) based on energy, Load balancing and end-to-end delay metrics to measure the performance. RECACO is implemented using network simulator NS2.34. The implementation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing algorithms like AODV, ACO, LBE-ARAMA in terms of Energy, Delay, Packet Delivery Ratio and Network life time.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.411-420
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• 1999

A mixed model production line is a production line where a variety of product models are produced. In U-shaped production lines (called U-lines) used in just-in-time production system, the strategy of mixing product models is often used to provide various types of products to customers in time. Line balancing and model sequencing problems are important for an efficient use of mixed model U-lines. Although the two problems are tightly interrelated with each other, prior researches have considered them separately or sequentially. This paper presents a new method using a coevolutionary algorithm that can solve the two problems at the same time. To promote diversity and search efficiency, in this paper the evolutionary system is based on the localized interactions within and between populations. Methods of selecting environmental individuals and evaluating fitness are developed. Efficient genetic representations and operator schemes are also provided. When designing the schemes, we take into account the features specific to the problems. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is superior to existing approaches.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.4642-4660
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• 2016

One major concern of applying Multipath TCP (MPTCP) to data delivery in heterogeneous wireless networks is that the utilization of asymmetric paths with diverse networking-related parameters may cause severe packet reordering and receive buffer blocking (RB²LOC). Although many efforts are devoting to addressing MPTCP's packet reordering problems, their sender-controlled solutions do not consider balancing overhead between an MPTCP sender and receiver, and their fully MPTCP mode cannot make MPTCP achieve a desired performance. This paper proposes a novel receiver-centric buffer blocking-aware data scheduling strategy for MPTCP (dubbed MPTCP-rec) necessitating the following aims: (1) alleviating MPTCP's packet reordering and RB²LOC problems, (2) improving the MPTCP performance, and (3) balancing load between the MPTCP sender and receiver. Simulation results show that the proposed MPTCP-rec solution outperforms the existing MPTCP solutions in terms of data delivery performance in heterogeneous wireless networks.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.4103-4121
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• 2018

Quality of Service (QoS) awareness is recognized as a key point for the success of Internet of Things (IOT).Realizing the full potential of the Internet of Things requires, a real-time task scheduling algorithm must be designed to meet the QoS need. In order to schedule tasks with diverse QoS requirements in cloud environment efficiently, we propose a task scheduling strategy based on dynamic priority and load balancing (DPLB) in this paper. The dynamic priority consisted of task value density and the urgency of the task execution, the priority is increased over time to insure that each task can be implemented in time. The scheduling decision variable is composed of time attractiveness considered earliest completion time (ECT) and load brightness considered load status information which by obtain from each virtual machine by topic-based publish/subscribe mechanism. Then sorting tasks by priority and first schedule the task with highest priority to the virtual machine in feasible VMs group which satisfy the QoS requirements of task with maximal. Finally, after this patch tasks are scheduled over, the task migration manager will start work to reduce the load balancing degree.The experimental results show that, compared with the Min-Min, Max-Min, WRR, GAs, and HBB-LB algorithm, the DPLB is more effective, it reduces the Makespan, balances the load of VMs, augments the success completed ratio of tasks before deadline and raises the profit of cloud service per second.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2023

Participation in power trading using surplus power is considered a business model active in the domestic energy trade market, but it is limited only if the legal requirements according to the type, capacity, and use of the facilities to be applied for are satisfied. The hydrogen residential demonstration model presented in this paper includes solar power, energy storage system (ESS), fuel cell, and water electrolysis facilities in electrical facilities for private use with low-voltage power receiving system. The concept of operations strategy for this model focuses on securing the energy self-sufficiency ratio of the entire system, securing economic feasibility through the optimal operation module installed in the energy management system (EMS), and securing the stability of the internal power balancing issue during the stand-alone mode. An electric facility configuration method of a hydrogen residential complex demonstrated to achieve this operational goal has a structure in which individual energy sources are electrically connected to the main bus, and ESS is also directly connected to the main bus instead of a renewable connection type to perform charging/discharging operation for energy balancing management in the complex. If surplus power exists after scheduling, participation in power trading through reverse transmission parallel operation can be considered to solve the energy balancing problem and ensure profitability. Consequentially, this paper reviews the legal regulations on participation in electric power trading using surplus power from hydrogen residential models that can produce and consume power, gas, and thermal energy including hybrid distributed power sources, and suggests action plans.

• Strategy21
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• 통권34호
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• pp.5-25
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• 2014

On July 3~4, 2014, the Chinese President Xi Jinping's state visit to Seoul might be seen as a step on the path toward strategic outcomes for both country. For South Korea, Seoul shrewdly retains some degree of self-reliance by balancing between ROK-China strategic cooperative partnership relationship and ROK-US alliance. For China, Beijing appears to put its interests on the Korean Peninsula increasingly within China's larger geopolitical influence. To what extent can ROK-China relationship maintain futuristic strategic cooperative partnership between them? As we observed joint press communiques of the Chinese President Xi Jinping's state visit on July 3, 2014, four agendas of bilateral relationship between Seoul and Beijing can be identified: intractable rivalry between the two great powers, North Korea nuclear issues, disparities of their displeasure with Japan denying the past wrongdoing and enhancing its military capabilities and Chinese imposing of its core interests on its Korea policy. With these evolving strategic environments, however, China and the ROK appear justifiably be pleased with the state of their relations: their strategic cooperative partnership is the cornerstone of peace and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific or Indo-Pacific region and continues to grow broader and deeper.