• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.34-46
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• 2012

Objectives: The object of this study was to observe the in vitro antibacterial effects of Wandae-tang extracts and combination of Wandae-tang extracts and Clindamycin against Gardnerella vaginalis ATCC14018. Methods: Antibacterial activities against Gardnerella vaginalis ATCC14018 of Wandae-tang extracts were detected using standard agar microdilution methods. In addition, the effects on the bacterial growth curve were also monitored at minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) and $MIC{\times}2$ levels. The combination effects of Wandae-tang extracts with Clindamycin were observed by Checkerboard microtiter assay, and the effects of bacterial growth curve was treated with Wandae-tang extracts MIC+Clindamycin MIC, 1/2 MIC and 1/4 MIC, respectively. Results: MIC of Wandae-tang extracts and Clindamycin against Gardnerella vaginalis ATCC14018 were detected as $1.719{\pm}0.856$(0.782~3.125) $mg/m{\ell}$ and $0.010{\pm}0.006$ (0.004~0.016) ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$. In addition, Clindamycin and Wandae-tang extracts were also showed marked dosage-dependent inhibition of bacterial growth, and more dramatical inhibitions were detected in Clindamycin+Wandae-tang extracts MIC treatment. Fractional inhibitory concentration index in combination of Wandae-tang extracts and Clindamycin were detected as $0.294{\pm}0.052$(0.250~0.375) at Checkerboard microtiter assay. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study suggest that Wandae-tang extracts showed antibacterial effects against Gardnerella vaginalis ATCC14018, and they also showed dosage-dependent inhibitory effects on the bacterial growth. In addition, combination treatment of Wandae-tang extracts with Clindamycin showed more synergistically potent inhibitory effects on the growth of Gardnerella vaginalis.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2002

In vivo expression technology (IVET) has been developed to study bacterial gene expression in Salmonella typhimurium during host infection. The expression of selected genes by IVET has been elevated in vivo but not in vitro. The selected genes turned out to be important for bacterial virulence and/or pathogenicity. IVET depends on a synthetic operon with a promoterless transcriptional fusion between a selection marker gene and a reporter gene. The IVET approach has been successfully adapted in other bacterial pathogens and plant-associated bacteria using different selection markers. Pseudomonas putida suppresses citrus root rot caused by Phytophthora parasitica and enhances citrus seedling growth. The WET strategy was adapted based on a transcriptional fusion, pyrBC'-lacZ, in P. putida to study the bacterial traits important far biocontrol activities. Several genes appeared to be induced on P. parasitica hyphae and were found to be related with metabolism and regulation of gene expression. It is likely that the biocontrol strain took a metabolic advantage from the plant pathogenic fungus and then suppressed citrus root rot effectively. The result was parallel with those from the adaptation of IVET in P. fluorescens, a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Interestingly, genes encoding components for type III secretion system have been identified as rhizosphere-induced genes in the PGPR strain. The type III secretion system may play a certain role during interaction with its counterpart plants. Application of IVET has been demonstrated in a wide range of bacteria. It is an important strategy to genetically understand complicated bacterial traits in the environment.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2003

Alcohol류를 배양액 속에 첨가하면 배양 중에 생성되는 BC가 엉기는 현상이 나타났다. 생성된 BC의 엉김은 생산배지로부터의 cellulose의 분리회수를 손쉽게 할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 이 중에서 ethanol을 사용하는 경우에는 BC의 생산성과 미생물의 성장속도가 증가하였다. Ethanol 이외의 alcohol류는 BC의 엉김현상에는 효과가 있었으나 그 독성으로 인하여 미생물의 성장과 BC의 생산성을 감소시켰다. Ethanol과 다른 alcohol 모두 BC의 엉김효과는 있으나 ethanol만 진탕배양에서 $\textrm{Cel}^{-}$균주의 출현 방지에 효과가 있었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.214-221
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• 1992

The five different types of bacteria, Bacteroides, Actinomyces, Capnocytophaga, Streptococcus, Fusobacterium which had frequently been recovered in infected canals, were investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the bacteriologic status in the traumatized nonvital teeth, and to investigate the effects of bacteria on the size of the le8ion and on the discoloration of teeth. The canal contents of sxiteen traumatized nonvital teeth were sampled and cultured aerobically and anaerobically for growth in five selective agar plates for five bacterial species. The sizes of the radiolucent areas in periapical films were measured and according to the sizes, the samples were divided into two groups. The discoloration of the teeth was checked and according to the existence of the discoloration, the samples were divided into two groups, also. The difference of bacterial colonial numbers in each group was investigated and the following results were obtained. 1. In traumatized nonvital teeth, all of the samples gave bacterial growth except one case. 2. Streptococcus was isolated in four cases but Bacteroides, Actinomyces, Fusobacterium and Capnocytophaga were not isolated. 3. The number of bacterial colonies was not found to be related the size of the lesion periapical films. 4. The number of bacterial colonies was not found to be related the discoloration of teeth.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2015

인간의 위장관은 매우 복잡한 장내균총으로 이루어져 있으며, 장내균총은 인간의 생리 기능에 있어 매우 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있다. 특히 유아기의 장내균총의 불균형은 면역연관 질병을 일으키는 요인이며 치료 목적으로 probiotics가 유용하게 활용되고 있다. Probiotics의 대표 균종은 L. plantarum으로서 영유아기에 병원균보다 가장 먼저 정착해야 면역 질환을 예방할 수 있다. 그러나 아직 Lactobacillus가 장의 우점종으로 정착하기 위한 환경적 요인과 항생물질분비 조절에 대한 이해는 부족한 실정이다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.348-353
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• 2008

Aerobic bacterial growth on Korean pan.fried meat patties as a primary quality deterioration factor was modeled as a function of temperature to estimate microbial spoilage on a real.time basis under dynamic storage conditions. Bacteria counts in the stretch.wrapped foods held at constant temperatures of 0, 5, 10 and $15^{\circ}C$ were measured throughout storage. The bootstrapping method was applied to generate many resampled data sets of mean microbial counts, which were then used to estimate the parameters of the microbial growth model of Baranyi & Roberts in the form of differential equations. The temperature functions of the primary model parameters were set up with confidence limits. Incorporating the temperature dependent parameters into the differential equations of bacterial growth could produce predictions closely representing the experimental data under constant and fluctuating temperature conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.1477-1482
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• 2001

Research in low cost feeds with high nutritional value and immunogenicity is important to reduce production cost and increase yields in the shrimp industry. In this study, immunostimulants of bacterial origin (peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharides) and egg white were incorporated in shrimp diets as feed additives to determine the growth, survival and tolerance of Penaeus monodon to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Although the results obtained were not statistically significant (p>0.05) among the treatments, shrimp fed with bacterial additives and egg white showed higher weight gain, specific growth rate and survival than those fed on commercial shrimp diet. Shrimp fed with artificial diet showed 100% mortality when challenged with WSSV. However, shrimp fed on peptidoglycan supplemented diet had higher survival than their counterpart, whereas shrimp fed on egg white supplemented diet had a higher specific growth rate and better tolerance when challenged with WSSV. Further studies are required to determine the effectiveness and optimization of bacterial strains and egg white as feed additives to increase production and enhance the shrimp immune response to diseases.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.452-457
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• 2016

Lactoferrin is a glycoprotein with various biological effects, with antibacterial activity being one of the first effects reported. This glycoprotein suppresses bacterial growth through bacteriostatic or bactericidal action. It also stimulates the growth of certain kinds of bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. In this study, Asn-Leu-Asn-Arg was selected and chemically synthesized based on the partial sequences of bovine lactoferrin tryptic fragments. Synthetic Asn-Leu-Asn-Arg suppressed the growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. syringae and Escherichia coli. P. fluorescens is a major psychrotrophic bacteria found in raw and pasteurized milk, which decreases milk quality. P. syringae is a harmful infectious bacterium that damages plants. However, synthetic Asn-Leu-Asn-Arg did not inhibit the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus. It is expected that this synthetic peptide would be the first peptide sequence from the bovine lactoferrin C-lobe that shows antibacterial activity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1131-1140
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• 2014

This research focused on the effects of different doses of Bacillus subtilis KN-42 on the growth performance, diarrhea incidence, faecal bacterial flora, and the relative number of Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli in faeces of weaned piglets to determine whether the strain can serve as a candidate antimicrobial growth promoter. A total of 360 piglets (initial body weight $7.14{\pm}0.63$ kg) weaned at $26{\pm}2$ days of age were randomly allotted to 5 treatment groups (4 pens per treatment with 18 pigs per pen) for a 28-day trial. Dietary treatments were basal diet without any antimicrobial (negative control; NC), basal diet supplemented with 120 mg/kg feed of neomycin sulfate (positive control; PC) and basal diet supplemented with $2{\times}10^9$ (L), $4{\times}10^9$ (M) and $20{\times}10^9$ (H) CFU/kg feed of B. subtilis KN-42. During the overall period, average daily gain and feed efficiency of piglets were higher in groups PC, M, and H than those in group NC (p<0.05), and all probiotics and antibiotics groups had a lower diarrhea index than group NC (p<0.05). The 16S rDNA gene-based methods were used to analyze faecal bacterial flora on day 28 of experiment. The result of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed that supplementation of B. subtilis KN-42 to the diet changed the bacterial communities, with a higher bacterial diversity and band number in group M than in the other four groups. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the relative number of Lactobacillus were higher in groups PC and H than in group NC (p<0.05), and the supplemented B. subtilis KN-42 to the diet also reduced the relative number of E. coli (p<0.05). These results suggest that dietary addition of B. subtilis KN-42 can improve the growth performance and gastrointestinal health of piglets.

• 식물병연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.266-273
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• 2010

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines에 의해 발병되는 콩 불마름병은 콩에 가장 많이 발생하는 중요한 세균성 병해 중 하나이다. 게다가 병원균은 강한 병원성을 가지고 한국 전역에 분포하고 있지만, 한국에서는 불마름병방제를 위한 약제나 저항성 품종이 개발되어 있지 못한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 불마름병을 화학적 방법으로 방제할 수 있는 방법을 개발하기 위해 수행되었다. 콩 불마름병 병원균의 효과적인 생육억제 약제를 선발하기 위해 여러 가지 살세균제들(8개의 항생제, 2개의 구리화합물, 1개의 quinoline, 18개의 농약)을 이용하여 효과를 확인하였다. 실내 생장억제 효과조사 결과, tetracycline, streptomycin sulfate 처리에서 병원균의 생육이 크게 억제되었으며, 또한 oxolinic acid도 병원균의 생육억제 효과가 우수하였다. 하지만 vancomycin, polymyxin B sulfate and copper compounds 등은 불마름병 병원균의 생육억제효과가 확인되지 않았다. 18종의 농용약제 중에는 streptomycin sulfate + oxytetracycline(18.8 + 1.5%)WP, oxytetracycline(17%)WP, oxolinic acid(20%) 등이 실내에서 병원균의 생육억제 효과가 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 선발된 5종의 농용약제에 대하여 포장에서 방제효과 시험을 실시한 결과, streptomycin sulfate + oxytetracycline (18.8 + 1.5%) WP와 oxytetracycline(17%) WP가 자연 감염된 태광콩 포장에서 70% 이상의 높은 방제효과를 나타내었다. 그러므로 콩불마름병균에 대한 강한 억제효과를 가지는 이 약제들은 콩 불마름병의 화학적 방제에 실용성이 있을 것으로 생각된다.