• 제목/요약/키워드: bacterial growth

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지류 및 섬유질 문화재의 미생물에 관한 연구 (紙類 및 纖維質 文化財의 微生物에 關한 硏究) ­경남지방(慶南地方)을 중심(中心)으로-

  • Min, Gyeong-Hui;An, Hui-Gyun
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • 제14권
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    • pp.225-250
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    • 1981
  • The investigation of air fungal population in the storages to keep papers and textiles that are designated as important folk life materials or treasures was carried out from Dec. 17 to. 23, 1980. Isolation media was used for malt extract agar with chloramphnicol to prevent bacterial contamination. Isolation and identification of air fungi from the four preserved rooms were Cladosporium cladosporioides, Alternaria chlamydospora, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. versicolor, Eurotium chevalieri, Penicillium charlesii var. rapidum, P. oxalicum. P. viridicatum, Trichoderma viride, Acremomium sp., Mucor sp. and Yeast. It was found that nine species in eight genera was isolated. Among them, underscribed species in Korea was two species ; Eurotium chevalieri and Penicillium visidicatum. The fungal population of four storages was showed to be dominant species such as Cladosporium cladosporioides and the order was Acremonium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Alternaria and Eurotium. Eurotium chevalieri was ascomycetous fungi including distinctive ascospores in cleistothecia, the filamentous fungi was directly isolated from the papers and cellulose materials showing to be fourteen species in eight genera. The most species of the fungi isolated was also Cladosporium cladosporioides and the other fungi were found as Acremonium, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Trichoderma. It was confirmed that underscribed fungi were two species ; Mucor racemosus and Penicillium spinulosvm. The effect of four antifungal agents, benzoic acid, sorbic acid, dehydroacetic acid and thymol was also examined on eight species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium. and Tricoderma. this results were shown that more than 0.5% concentration of thymol inhibited the grow of all fungalspecies and other three chemicals appeared various inhibition zones of fungal growth depending in their different concentrations.

Processing and Property of Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Steak (넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)스테이크제품의 제조 및 품질특성)

  • Yoon, Moon-Joo;Kwon, Soon-Jae;Lee, Jae-Dong;Park, Si-Young;Kong, Cheong-Sik;Joo, Jong-Chan;Kim, Jeong-Gyun
    • Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.98-107
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    • 2015
  • Olive flounder contains rich amount of lysine which is required for children's growth. Moreover, it is good foodstuffs for elderly, convalescent and diabetics because of low lipid content and high digestibility. This study was investigated for the purpose of obtaining basic data which can be applied to the processing of olive flounder steak. Olive flounder 100 g were chopped, mixed with vegetable (onion 20%, celery 10%, carrot 15%, garlic 1% of chopped olive flounder meat) and ingredient (bread crumbs 20 g, onion 15 g, celery 10 g, egg 1 ea, tarragon 1/2 t, blanc sauce 20 g, fresh cream 20 mL, salt and pepper pinch). Mixed dough was molded into steak shape ($12{\times}7cm$) and was processed by two types of products, Steak-1 {Roasting for 2 minutes in a frying pan wrapped with olive oil and then vacuum packaging in polyethylene film ($20{\times}30{\times}0.05mm$), and then storage at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days, next thawed and warmed by microwave for 2 minutes} and Steak-2 {vacuum-packaging in polyethylene film ($20{\times}30{\times}0.05mm$), and then storage at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days, after thawed, roasted during 2 minutes in a frying pan wrapped with olive oil}. The factors such as pH, TBA value, amino-N, free amino acid, chemical composition, color value (L, a, b), texture profile, sensory evaluation and viable bacterial count of the olive flounder steak (Steak-1, Steak-2) were measured. From the result of sensory evaluation, Steak-2 showed a bit more high scores than Steak-1 but it was difficult to distinguish significant difference (color, odor, taste, texture and acceptance) between Steak-1 and Steak-2 products.

Characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae exposed to serial antibiotic treatments (항생제 노출에 따른 Klebsiella pneumoniae의 내성 특성)

  • Jung, Lae-Seung;Jo, Ara;Kim, Jeongjin;Ahn, Juhee
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • 제52권4호
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    • pp.428-436
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    • 2016
  • The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has been increased and become a public health concern worldwide. Many bacterial infections can be sequentially treated with different types of antibiotics. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the changes in survival, antibiotic susceptibility, mutant frequency, ${\beta}$-lactamase activity, biofilm formation, and gene expression in Klebsiella pneumoniae after exposure to sequential antibiotic treatments of ciprofloxacin and meropenem. Treatments include control (CON; no addition), 1/2 MIC ciprofloxacin addition (1/2CIP), 2 MIC ciprofloxacin addition (2CIP), initial 1/2 MIC ciprofloxacin addition followed by 1/2 MIC meropenem (8 h-incubation) and 2 MIC ciprofloxacin (16 h-incubation) (1/2CIP-1/2MER-2CIP), initial 1/2 MIC ciprofloxacin addition followed by 1/2 MIC meropenem (8 h-incubation) and 2 MIC meropenem (16 h-incubation) (1/2CIP-1/2MER-2MER), and initial 1/2 MIC ciprofloxacin addition followed by 2 MIC ciprofloxacin(8 h-incubation) and 2 MIC meropenem(16 h-incubation) (1/2CIP-2CIP-2MER). No growth of K. pneumoniae was observed for the 2CIP throughout the incubation period. The numbers of planktonic cells varied with the treatments (7~10 log CFU/ml), while those of biofilm cells were not significantly different among treatments after 24-h incubation, showing approximately 7 log CFU/ml. Among the sequential treatments, the least mutant frequency was observed at the 1/2CIP-1/2MER-2CIP (14%). Compared to the CON, 1/2CIP-2CIP-2MER decreased the sensitivity of K. pneumoniae to piperacillin, cefotaxime, and nalidixic acid. The highest ${\beta}$-lactamase activity was 22 nmol/min/ml for 1/2CIP-1/2MER-2CIP, while the least ${\beta}$-lactamase activity was 6 nmol/min/ml for 1/2CIP-2CIP-2MER. The relative expression levels of multidrug efflux pump-related genes (acrA, acrB, and ramA) were increased more than 2-fold in K. pneumoniae exposed to 1/2CIP-1/2MER-2MER and 1/2CIP-2CIP-2MER. The results suggest that the sequential antibiotic treatments could change the antibiotic resistance profiles in K. pneumoniae.

Elimination and Utilization of Pollutants - Part I Microbiological Clarification of Industrial Waste and Its Utilization as Feed Resources - (환경오염원(環境汚染源)의 제거(除去)와 그 이용성(利用性)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) - 제(報I)1보(第). 미생물(微生物)에 의(依)한 산업폐수(産業廢水)의 정화(淨化) 및 사료자원개발(飼料資源開發)에 개(開)하여 -)

  • Lee, Ke-Ho;Lee, Kang-Heup;Park, Sung-O
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.64-72
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    • 1980
  • Industrial wastes from pulp and food plants were treated with microorganisms to clarify organic waste-water and to produce cells as animal feed, and results were summarized as follows. (1) Waste-water from pulp, beer, bread yeast, and ethanol distillation plants contained $1.4{\sim}1.5%$ of total sugar, $0.25{\sim}0.35%$ nitrogen, and biological oxygen demand (BOD) was $400{\sim}25,000$, chemical oxygen demand (COD), $500{\sim}28,000$, and pH, $3.8{\sim}7.0$. The BOD and COD were highest in waste-water from ethanol distillation plants among others. (2) Bacterial and yeast counts were $4{\times}10^4-1{\times}10^9,\;2{\times}10^2-7{\times}10^4/ml$ in waste-water. (3) Bacteria grew better in pulp waste and yeasts in beer, bread yeast, and ethanol distillation waste. (4) Saccharomyces cerevisiae SAFM 1008 and Candida curvata SAFM 70 were the most suitable microorganisms for clarification of ethanol distillation waste. (5) When liquid and solid waste from ethanol distillation were treated with microbial cellulase, xylanase, and pectinase, solid waste was reduced by 36%, soluble waste was increased, and recuding sugar content was increased by 1.3 times which provided better medium than untreated waste for cultivation of yeasts. (6) Optimum growth conditions of the two species of yeast in ethanol distillation waste were pH 5.0, $30^{\circ}C$, and addition of 0.2% of urea, 0.1% of $KH_2PO_4$ and 0.02% of $MgSO_4$. (7) Minimum number of yeast for proper propagation was $1.8{\times}10^5/ml$. (8) C. curvata70 was better than cerevisae for the production of yeast cells from ethanol distillation waste treated with microbial enzymes. (9) S. cerevisiae produced 16 g of dried cell per 1,000ml of ethanol distillation waste and reduced BOD by 46%. C. curvata produced 17.6g of dried cell and reduced BOD by 52% at the same condition. (10) Yeast cells produced from the ethanol distillation waste contained 46-52% protein indicating suitability as a protein source for animal feed.

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Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Shelf-Life and Sensory Scores of Squid Sundae under Accelerated Storage Conditions (감마선 조사 처리가 가속저장 오징어순대의 저장성 및 기호성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Hyun-Jee;Kim, Koth-Bong-Woo-Ri;Kim, Dong-Hyun;SunWoo, Chan;Jung, Seul-A;Jeong, Da-Hyun;Jung, Hee-Ye;Kim, Jae-Hun;Lee, Ju-Woon;Do, Sang-Ryong;Byun, Myoung-Woo;Ahn, Dong-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • 제41권10호
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    • pp.1441-1447
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    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to examine the effects of gamma irradiation on the shelf-life and sensory scores of squid Sundae under accelerated storage conditions. Squid Sundae was stored at $37^{\circ}C$ for 35 days following gamma irradiation at doses of 0, 10, and 20 kGy. For total viable cell counts, control and gamma-irradiated (GI) (10 kGy) squid Sundae were already spoiled in 4 days, whereas GI (20 kGy) squid Sundae showed complete suppression of bacterial growth during storage. There were no significant changes in pH values compared to the control. The VBN and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) values of GI (20 kGy) squid Sundae were significantly lower than those of the control. In addition, the induction period of GI (20 kGy) squid Sundae as measured by a Rancimat showed a higher level compared to that of the control. In the sensory evaluation, there were no significant changes between the control and GI samples. These results suggest that a dose of 20 kGy is the optimum and effective dose for preservation of squid Sundae.

Physicochemical Characteristics of Seafood-Added Kimchi during Fermentation and Its Sensory Properties (수산물 첨가 김치의 이화학적 특성 변화 및 관능성)

  • Woo, Minji;Choi, Jung Ran;Kim, Mijeong;Jang, Mi-Soon;Cho, Eun Ju;Song, Yeong Ok
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • 제41권12호
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    • pp.1771-1777
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    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of seafood added kimchi (SAK) during fermentation and its sensory properties. Korean cabbage kimchi (KCK) and four different SAKs were prepared and stored at $5^{\circ}C$ for eight weeks. The SAKs contained pre-treated octopus, squid, abalone, and webfoot octopus added at 12% (w/w) to the brined Korean cabbage. The fermentation patterns of SAKs were similar to those of KCK, indicating that the SAKs followed a typical fermentation process. Comparison of the physicochemical characteristics of SAKs with KCK revealed that the pH and acidity of SAKs was higher. The maximum concentrations of Lactobacillus spp. and Leuconostoc spp. for SAKs ranged from 8.31~8.85 and 7.60~8.14 log CFU/mL, respectively, which were higher than those for KCK. Therefore, the production of organic acids by microorganisms was greater in SAKs, which explained the higher acidities of the SAKs. Nitrogenous compounds hydrolyzed during fermentation, as well as reducing sugars and other nutritious compounds in SAKs might provide a good medium for lactic acid bacterial growth. Sensory evaluation was carried out using optimally ripened kimchi (pH $4.3{\pm}0.1$, acidity $0.7{\pm}0.1$), and the scores for sour taste, sour smell, and carbonated taste were significantly lower for SAKs than KCK. In the preference test, texture and overall acceptability were significantly higher for SAKs than KCK. Significant differences were not observed among SAKs upon subjective and preference evaluations. In conclusion, the fermentation patterns of SAKs were normal, regardless of seafood sources, and their sensory characteristics were comparable to or superior than those of KCK due to free amino acids, nitrogenous compounds produced during the fermentation, and reducing sugar present in the seafood.

THE COMPARISON OF STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS ISOLATED FROM OCCLUSAL SURFACES OF CARIES AND NON-CARIES TEETH (우식치아와 정상치아의 교합면에서 분리한 Streptococcus mutans의 비교)

  • Park, Ho-Won;Jung, Tae-Sung;Jung, Jin;Kim, Shin
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.129-141
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    • 2001
  • When oral microorganisms were sampled from occlusal surfaces of caries and non-caries teeth, $3.43\times10^5$ CFU and $3.47\times10^3$ CFU of bacteria were counted on MSB agar plates, respectively. All the 20 colonies isolated from a caries surface were Streptococcus mutans but, only two of 20 colonies were identified as Streptococcus mutans by API test. S. mutans SM1 from caries tooth and S. mutans SM2 from non-caries tooth showed the same results except for $\alpha-galactosidase$ activity on sugar fermentation tests and biochemical tests. For the bacterial replication, both SM1 and SM2 were actively multiplicated at pH 5.5. And the viability of SM1 was high at 20% of sucrose, while that of SM2 was high at 5% of sucrose in the media. SM1 actively replicated at 16mM of $CaCl_2$, 160mM of KCl, and 6.4mM of $MgCl_2$, and the replication of SM2 was increased at 16mM of $CaCl_2$, 40mM of KCl, 6.4mM of $MgCl_2$. At 1mM of sodium bicarbonate and sodium phosphate, both bacteria were actively multiplicated. SM1 and SM2 were actively replicated at 1mM and 10mM of Tris, respectively. For potassium phosphate buffer, SM1 grew well proportionally to the concentration up to 100mM, while the growth of SM2 were inhibited by the increase of concentration. The 4.6 kb of gtf gene was amplified with a pair of primer, gtfB-F961 and gtfC-R5574 by polymerase chain reaction from the chromosomal DNA of SM1 and SM2. When 4.6kb bands were eluted from gel and were treated with restriction enzyme, EcoR I produced the same RFLP like 0.8kb and 3.8kb of DNA fragments for S. mutans GS-5, SM1 and SM2. By Hind III, the PCR products weren't digested for S. mutans GS-5 and SM1, but 3 fragments such as 2.4kb, 1.8kb and 400bp were examined for SM2. These results indicated the difference between gtf genes of SM1 and SM2. BamH I treatment showed 4 fragments for SM1 and SM2, while the 3 fragments for S. mutans GS-5. The PCR products were not digested by Kpn I, Sma I, Xho I and Pst I.

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Screening and Identification of a Cesium-tolerant Strain of Bacteria for Cesium Biosorption (환경유래의 세슘 저항성 균주 선별 및 세슘 흡착제거 연구)

  • Kim, Gi Yong;Jang, Sung-Chan;Song, Young Ho;Lee, Chang-Soo;Huh, Yun Suk;Roh, Changhyun
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • 제34권4호
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    • pp.304-313
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    • 2016
  • One of the issues currently facing nuclear power plants is how to store spent nuclear waste materials which are contaminated with radionuclides such as $^{134}Cs$, $^{135}Cs$, and $^{137}Cs$. Bioremediation processes may offer a potent method of cleaning up radioactive cesium. However, there have only been limited reports on $Cs^+$ tolerant bacteria. In this study, we report the isolation and identification of $Cs^+$ tolerant bacteria in environmental soil and sediment. The resistant $Cs^+$ isolates were screened from enrichment cultures in R2A medium supplemented with 100 mM CsCl for 72 h, followed by microbial community analysis based on sequencing analysis from 16S rRNA gene clone libraries(NCBI's BlastN). The dominant Bacillus anthracis Roh-1 and B. cereus Roh-2 were successfully isolated from the cesium enrichment culture. Importantly, B. cereus Roh-2 is resistant to 30% more $Cs^+$ than is B. anthracis Roh-1 when treated with 50 mM CsCl. Growth experiments clearly demonstrated that the isolate had a higher tolerance to $Cs^+$. In addition, we investigated the adsorption of $0.2mg\;L^{-1}$ $Cs^+$ using B. anthracis Roh-1. The maximum $Cs^+$ biosorption capacity of B. anthracis Roh-1 was $2.01mg\;g^{-1}$ at pH 10. Thus, we show that $Cs^+$ tolerant bacterial isolates could be used for bioremediation of contaminated environments.

Formulation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens A-2 and Its Efficacy to Control Tomato Leaf Mold Caused by Fulvia fulva (길항세균 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens A-2를 이용한 토마토 잎곰팡이병 방제용 미생물 제제)

  • Kong, Hyun-Gi;Chun, Ock-Joo;Choi, Ki-Hyuck;Lee, Kwang-Youll;Baek, Joung-Woo;Kim, Hyun-Ju;Murugaiyan, Senthilkumar;Moon, Byung-Ju;Lee, Seon-Woo
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.27-34
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    • 2010
  • This study was performed to develop a formulation using an antagonistic bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens A-2 to control tomato leaf mold caused by Fulvia fulva. B. amyloliquefaciens A-2 was grown in a medium with rice oil and mixed with various carrier and additives. One of the formulations, A2-MP, showed the best disease control value among the tested formulations. The disease control value of A2-MP at 100-fold and 500-fold diluted treatment was not significantly different from that of chemical fungicide triflumizole in a growth chamber. Although disease control effect was decreased by serial diluted treatment of the prepared A2-MP, 1,000-fold diluted treatment of A2-MP still showed high disease control value of 72.0%. For the green house experiments, the disease control values of A2-MP was indicated as 79.4% which is similar to that of chemical fungicide, triflumizole showing 79.6%. When the disease control activity of the formulation A2-MP was compared in tomato production conditions, disease control values of 100-fold diluted A2-MP and 3,000 fold diluted triflumizole exhibited 60%, 81.6%, respectively. The disease control efficiency by A-2MP was 73% of the disease control value of chemical fungicide. The formulation A-2MP maintained the stable bacterial viability and disease control activity when stored at $4^{\circ}C$. This result suggested that A-2MP develped from B. amyloliquefaciens A-2 could be used to control tomato leaf mold.

Causative Organisms of Community Acquired Urinary Tract Infection and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility at a Secondary hospital in Korea (2차 병원에서의 지역 사회 획득 요로 감염의 원인균 및 항생제 감수성 분석)

  • Jo, Yun Ju;Lee, Eun Jeong;Choi, Kyong Min;Eun, Young Min;Yoo, Hwang Jae;Kim, Cheol Hong;Lee, Hyun Hee;Kim, Pyung Kil
    • Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.30-35
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    • 2010
  • Purpose : We investigated the causative organism and its antibiotic susceptibility of community acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) in children at a secondary hospital to test the adequacy of the current guidelines. Methods : Children diagnosed with UTI at the Department of Pediatrics, Kwandong University MyMyongji Hospital by pyuria and bacterial growth of greater than $1.0{\times}10^5CFU/mL$ on clean catch midstream urine from January 2005 to December 2008 were studied retrospectively. The epidemiologic data, causative organism, and the antibiotic susceptibility were analyzed. Results : Sixty two children were diagnosed with sixty four cases of UTI's. Two bacteria were isolated in one case and thus data on 65 urine cultures were analyzed. The male:female ratio was 1.6:1 and 78.1% were less than 12 months of age. Escherichia coli was the predominant cause consisting of 53 cases (82.8%) of the cases. K. pneumoniae (5), Enterobacter (4), Enterococcus (1), $\beta$-streptococcus (1), Diphtheroides (1) were isolated. The antibiotic resistance of E. coli were as follows; ampicillin 69.8%, cefotaxime 1.9%, gentamicin 15.1%, amikacin 0.0%, levofloxacin 1.9%, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 26.4 %. Only one case of the E. coli was extended spectrum $\beta$-lactamase (ESBL) positive. Conclusion : Compared to prior reports from other tertiary hospitals in Korea, E. coli was the predominant cause in childhood UTI and the rate of ESBL positivity was low. The antibiotic resistance was also different compared to prior reports. We conclude that a difference in the cause and antibiotic resistance of childhood UTI exists between centers and this should be taken into consideration when prescribing antibiotics for childhood UTIs.