• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제18권E1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2002

Air quality issues in Korea rapidly changed at the beginning of the 1990s from primary to secondary pollutants starting in Seoul, the capital of Korea. The present frame of national air pollution monitoring networks was established between the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s. Background monitoring was initiated in the middle of the 1990s in response to increasing public concern about the long-range transport of air pollutants. Apart from the national monitoring, both routine and intensive measurements of fine particles have been made for research purposes since the middle of the 1990s at several background sites. However, air pollution monitoring in urban areas for other purposes was relatively scarce as national monitoring has been concentrated in these areas. Although ozone pollution has become a significant issue in major metropolitan areas every summer, only a little information on ozone precursors is available. During the past few years, the number of national monitoring stations has greatly increased. The government has a plan to gradually expand monitoring items as well as stations. It is anticipated that highly detailed information on both photochemical reactants and products will be available within the next several years. More emphasis will be placed on toxic substances based on risk assessment in monitoring for both research and policy making.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.410-424
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• 2021

Background: Subway stations have the characteristics of being located underground and are a representative public-use facility used by an unspecified number of people. As concerns about indoor air quality (IAQ) increase, various management measures are being implemented. However, there are few systematic studies and cases of long-term continuous measurement of underground station air quality. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze changes and factors influencing IAQ in subway stations through real-time continuous long-term measurement using IoT-based IAQ sensing equipment, and to evaluate the IAQ improvement effect of a bio-filter system. Methods: The IAQ of a subway station in Seoul was measured using IoT-based sensing equipment. A bio-filter system was installed after collecting the background concentrations for about five months. Based on the data collected over about 21 months, changes in indoor air quality and influencing factors were analyzed and the reduction effect of the bio-filter system was evaluated. Results: As a result of the analysis, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and CO₂ increased during rush hour according to the change in the number of passengers, and PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations were high when a PM warning/watch was issued. There was an effect of improving IAQ with the installation of the bio-filter system. The reduction rate of a new-bio-filter system with improved efficiency was higher than that of the existing bio-filter system. Factors affecting PM_2.5 in the subway station were the outdoor PM_2.5, platform PM_2.5, and the number of passengers. Conclusions: The IAQ in a subway station is affected by passengers, ventilation through the air supply and exhaust, and the spread of particulate matter generated by train operation. Based on these results, it is expected that IAQ can be efficiently improved if a bio-filter system with improved efficiency is developed in consideration of the factors affecting IAQ and proper placement.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.623-634
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 전남 무안지역을 중심으로 1995년 8월부터 1997년 12월의 총 884일 기간 동안 관측된 CO$_2$ 농도자료와 국외 주요 배경대기관측지점에서 관측된 농도자료를 토대로, CO$_2$의 단주기적 변화경향성에 대한 지역적 차이를 비교 해석하였다. 동기간 동안 무안지역에서 관측된 이산화탄소의 전체적인 일평균 농도는 374.5${\pm}$6.6ppm으로, 그리고 계절별로는 378${\pm}$5.2 (봄: N= 181), 372${\pm}$10.2 (여름: N=210), 372${\pm}$7.2 (가을: N=243), 376${\pm}$5.4ppm (겨울: N=206)의 평균치로 나타났다. 무안지역을 중심으로 관측된 일주기 경향성을 포인트 배로우(Point Barrow)를 위시한 주요 외국 관측점들과의 결과와 비교하였을 때, 단순히 일주기 중심의 경향성 (주야간대의 농도차이)에 덧붙여, 계절적 요인의 작용으로 인한 일주기의 계절별 변화요인 (진동폭 변화, 최고농도의 형성 시점 등)이 지역별로 다양하게 나타난다는 점을 확인하였다. 특히 무안지역은 주야간대의 주기를 중심으로 볼 때, 여타 지역과는 정반대로 주저야고의 경향이 뚜렷하였다. 그리고 일주기를 다시 계절적으로 비교하였을 때, 일일 내내 비교적 고농도가 지속되거나 (봄, 겨울철), 상대적으로 낮은 농도가 24시간동안 지속되는 경향 (여름, 가을철)으로 뚜렷하게 구분되었다. 이는 겨울철 연료의 과배출, 중국대륙으로부터 오염물질의 유입여부 등 연구지역 주변환경의 계절별 오염양상, 공기순환, 기상변화, 식생의 변화 등이 복합적으로 작용하여 나타나는 결과로 보인다. 이러한 결과들을 토대로 볼 때, 여타 요인들에 비해 무안지역은 인위적 오염원의 영향이 강하게 작용하는 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 무안지역을 중심으로 한 농도변화의 경향성에 대한 해석은 여타 외국의 주요 관측점에 대한 결과와 달리, 한반도를 포괄하는 광역적인 차원의 배경농도를 대표하는 것이 아니라, 무안지역을 중심으로 보다 국부적인 차원에서 진행되는 농도변화를 반영하는 경향이 큰 것으로 추정된다. 그렇지만 이러한 경향이 한반도에 광역적으로 나타나는 현상일 가능성도 배제할 수 없다. 이에 대한 판단은 안면도를 중심으로 후속적으로 진행된 연구결과들에 대한 면밀한 검토가 수반되어야 할 것으로 보인다.

• 대기
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.225-235
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• 2008

Sulfur hexafluoride ($SF_6$), man-made compound, has been paid attention as a potent greenhouse gas. After Kyoto Pototcol on Climate Change in 1997, nations established the policy aimed at minimizing release of $SF_6$ to atmosphere. We have developed and operated an automatic analytical system for monitoring atmospheric $SF_6$ using gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and packed separate-column. Here, we report and discuss 4-month record of atmospheric $SF_6$ concentrations monitored at Seoul National University (SNU) pilot station near the Kwanak Mountain, Seoul. Most of observed $SF_6$ concentrations were excessively high compared with Northern Hemisphere (NH) background trend obtained from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) monitoring stations. And the observed $SF_6$ showed extremely wide variability ranging from 4.6 pptv to $1.1{\times}10^3$ pptv, which may be affected by local sources placed nearby. Simultaneous wind data with $SF_6$ measurements show that relatively high values of $SF_6$ correspond to weak wind as well as southerly. There are many engineering installations to the south of the station. The regional value of the atmospheric $SF_6$ estimated from the data selection by wind conditions is about 6.8 pptv. This value, which is similar to concentrations of urban areas, is higher than NH background concentration.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2009

공공장소에서의 유기물은 의도적 공공테러를 목적으로 폭발물이나 화학물질 등을 포함할 수 있기 때문에 일단 가능한 위험물로 반드시 다루어져야 한다. 공항이나 기차역과 같은 대형 공공장소에서는 전체 영역을 감시하는 모든 모니터를 점검할 보안 인력을 유지하는데 있어서 비용적 측면의 한계가 있게 마련이다. 이것이 비전 기술에 기반한 위험 유기물의 자동 검사 시스템을 개발하여야 하는 기본적 동기이다. 이 연구에서는 잘 알려진 DBE 기법을 적용하여 배경 이미지를 안정적으로 추출하는 것을 보이며, HOG 알고리즘을 적용하여 물체 분류에 있어서 사람과 물건을 구분하는 기능을 구현하였다. 제안된 시스템의 유효성을 보이기 위하여 감시 지역의 한 실내 환경에 대해 금지구역 침범을 탐지하고 유기물에 대한 경보를 발생하는 실험을 수행하였다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.7-22
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• 2002

Architectural style is said to be product reflecting political, social and cultural condition. Especially, in colony, architectural style is strongly related to political condition or policy. After colonization in 1910, public buildings with western historical architectural style in Japanese version were widely built by Japanese colonial government in Korea. And in the late 1920s, modernism style in architecture became dominant in Korea as like other countries. In this situation, curious buildings in strange architectural styles came out. One example is railroad station buildings with traditional Korean architectural style and timber house station having a steep roof which is widely used in North Europe such as Alps area with good sights and mountains. Generally, the colonizer says that colonization is the only way to save the colony at crisis defined by colonizer and they insist that they can help the colony modernize. To justify colonization, the colonizer attributes the colonization to the characteristics of the nation and stagnation of the traditional culture etc.. Accordingly, the colonizer tries to depreciate colony's traditional value and culture. In case of colony which has similar cultural background historically (in this case, economical exploitation is less important than other Asian colony by European power), this depreciation of traditional value and culture in Korea was done more strongly than others. At this time, we should understand special relation between Korea and Japan historically. Even though, colony's locality is adopted by the colonizer in public fields, which is based on political purpose or exotic taste etc.. In early days of Japanese ruling period, Japan never use the Korean traditional facts in public. Therefore there is no use of Korean traditional architectural style in public field. In late 1920s, some railroad station buildings were constructed in new styles without precedence in modern Korea. One is railroad station buildings in Korean traditional architectural style, the other is railroad station buildings in timber house stations having a steep roof which is different form western historical architectural style. It was mystery that Japan had constructed railroad stations in Korean traditional style which Japan had tried to destroy together with Western style railroad station buildings. This paper is made to solve the mystery why the colonizer(Japan) constructed entirely different types of railroad stations at the same time in the late 1920s and 1930s. The key point to solve this mystery is tourism. In this paper, to solve this mystery, I try to use terminology' 'Colonial Tourism' in architecture why colonial power had constructed railroad stations with colony's traditional architectural style and Western style having a steep roof which can be seen north European region.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.78-84
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• 1992

The occurrence of acid precipitation in Japan is one of major concerns among Japanese scientists in environmental sciences. The annual mean pH observed is in the range of 4.6-4.8 and these values are higher than the values observed at the background stations in Korea and Northern China. We interpret that the low pH values occurring in Japan are mainly due to the precursors originating from Japan and from Southern China. In view of environmental education, interestingly the Prime Minister of Japan directly gives administrative support for acid rain monitoring and related studies Also, Japanese provide environmental education for their children in primary and secondary schools to instill 'green' concept. It is found that the role of scientists, media, governments and industries in Japan is very efficient for the increase in co-operation and environmental benefits.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 1976

衛星通信은 텔레비전 傳送을 包含한 大容量通信이 可能하고 任意의 局間을 容易하게 接續할수 잇는 長點을 갖고 있어 國際的 通信手段으로 重要한 地位를 차지하고 있으며 通信의 量이나 質도 多樣化됨에 따라 이에 對處하기 爲해서는 새로운 大容量의 衛星 또는 새로운 通信方式을 導入하여 國際間의 通信소통에 보다 큰 寄與를 하도록 努力하지 않으면 안된다. 그러기 위해서는 이의 積極的인 뒷받침으로 이에 關連된 諸搬 宇宙通信關係條約 및 規則等의 再檢討와 補充이 있어야만 될 것이다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.55-66
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• 1996

One-hour average concentrations of ground-level ozone from around 80 monitoring stations in Korea during 1991 to 1993 were analyzed to examine characteristics of the ozone concentration variations. Two types of variations were observed: one was for the Capital area typified by Kwanghwmun, and the other was for the south and east seashore region typified by Tongkwangyang. In the Capital area including Seoul, Inchon, Kyonggi-do and Chunchon, mean daily 1-hout maximum was the highest in June following high monthly averages in spring. But frequent precipitation prevented further rise of daily maximum in July and August even though there were frequent episodes of high concentration exceeding 100ppb. In the south and east seashore region, average concentration was the highest throughout the year, and daily maximum and minimum simultaneously changed owing to small contributions from photochemical reactions. The typical annual variation was spring peak, summer down, and fall rise. Spring peak accompanied an usual observations of background variations at remote sites in the Northern Hemisphere. Riess of average and daily maximum with lower daily minimum in fall were attributable to photochemical reactions.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.29-39
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• 1992

A study on acidity in precipitation was carried out during May 1990 - April 1991 at two sites in Chongwon, Choongbook. We observed variations of pH from 4.0 to 7.0. Annual mean value of pH was 5.21 in the area. In particular, strong acidity of rain fall, pH 4.0 were observed during winter to early spring. Neutral values were observed during June to July and were due to wet deposition of atmospheric pollutants by stationary fronts in the rainy season. Interestingly, acidity of snow observed in winter was neutral and it was weaker than the acidity of rain in winter by a value of 2.0. Discussion is made on meteorological and chemical analyses and seasonal variations of acidity of precipitation.