• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.117-120
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• 2015

The number of campers has been consistently growing thanks to the introduction of a five-day work week and the time increase for a leisure. Thus, many types of facilities for camping are constructed. For instance, there are gravel camp site, which is called crushed stone, and normal soil camp site in case of private camp sites. The amount of natural background radiation, measured from site to site, was analyzed. The value of soil camp site was lower than that of crushed stone camp site. And the amount of natural background radiation from normal camp site was also lower than that from the artificial shade made by tarp. Consequently, it is noted that normal soil camp site with the plenty of woods should be chosen for camping place in order to avoid natural background radiation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.7-20
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• 1989

^x This paper aims to grasp the basical things of the architectural meaning of Bu - Seok Temple through the background of site selection and the analysis of arrangement change of it. For this purpose, I try to examine the process of folk- belief adhesion of Buddism and Feng - Shui as the choice factor of site when the temple was established, the spatial characters of the changing stage in arrangement. These characters of Bu - seok temple have significance for the basic study on the site selection and the spatial analysis of a mountainous district Temple in Shilla.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.40-51
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• 2016

The problem has been pointed out that the domestic design response spectrum does not reflect site amplification, particularly in the high frequency bands, including the fact that site specific response spectrum from the observed ground motions appears relatively higher than design response spectrum. Among various methods, this study applied H/V spectral ratio of ground motion for estimating site amplification. This method, originated from S waves and Rayleigh waves, recently has been extended to Coda waves and background noise for estimating site amplification. For limited time of periods, 4 electric substation sites had operated seismic stations at two separate locations (bedrock and borehole) within each substation site. H/V spectral ratio of S wave, Coda wave, and background noise, was applied to 36 accelerations of 3 macro earthquakes (Odaesan, Jeju and Gongju earthquakes), larger than magnitude 3.4. observed simultaneously at each bedrock location within 4 electric substation sites. Site amplifications at the bedrock location of 4 sites were compared among S wave, Coda wave energy, and background noise, and then compared to the previous results from the borehole location data. The site classification was also tried using resonancy frequency information at each site and location. The results suggested that all the electric substation sites showed similar site amplification patterns among S wave, Coda wave, and background noise. Each station showed its own characteristics of site amplification property in low, high and specific resonance frequency ranges. Comparison of this study to other results using different method can give us much more information about dynamic amplification of domestic sites characteristics and site classification.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 2017

Observed ground motions are composed of three factors such as, seismic source, attenuation, and site amplification effect. Among them, the site amplification characteristics should be considered significantly when estimating seismic source and attenuation characteristics with more confidence. The site effect is also necessary when estimating not only seismic hazard in seismic design engineering but also rock mechanical properties. This study uses the method of H/V spectral ratio of observed ground motion between target site and reference site called a reference site method. In addition to using the vertical Fourier spectrum of the reference site, we try out the horizontal Fourier spectrum as a new method in this study. We analyze H/V spectral ratio of six ground motions respectively, observed at four sites close to Yedang Reservoir. We then compare site amplification effects at each site using 3 kinds of seismic energies including S waves, Coda waves energy, and background noise. The results suggest that each site showed similar site amplification patterns in S waves and Coda waves energy. However, the site amplification of background noise shows much different characteristics from those of S waves and Coda wave energy, which suggests that the background noises at each site have their own developing mechanism. Each station shows its own characteristics of specific resonance frequency and site amplification properties in low, high and specific resonance frequency ranges. Comparison of the method used in this study to the others that used different methods can provide us with more information about the dynamic amplification of a site characteristics and site classification.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.71-82
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• 2017

Pavilions, follies, and installations provide a place with a new experience beyond that of simple garden architecture. From this point of view, this study tried to analyze the constructs in the Glass House site, which Philip Johnson has built for 50 years. After Chapter 1 Introduction, which summarized the background of the study, Chapter 2 investigated the design background of the landscape and the types of the constructs there. It also, studying literature on pavilions, follies, and installations, defined the basic meanings of them. Chapter 3 identified the features of each construct through the case studies of it, analyzing Johnson's intentions on it. These features are such as the applications of classical follies, the quotations of architectural history, fusion with art, architectural experiments, and the monuments of personal history. In conclusion, this study, finding the site specificity as a common feature of pavilions, follies, and installations, referred to two aspects of this, which are not only physical placeness but also cultural media.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.77-94
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• 2006

"Mixed construction of platform" means the platform which was constructed by mixing heterogeneous materials such as roof tiles or bricks with divided stone of trimmed stone. This kind of construction technique was not known or found from the building sites of Goguryo or Silla so far and therefore it used to be understood as a unique platform construction technique or the product of technology and creativeness of Baikje's craftsman. The mixed construction of platform of Baikje came to position itself as one of the patterns of platform mainly used over Sabi period and we found the pattern from the sites including Imryugak site in Gongju, temple for royal tomb in Gwanbuk-ri, Wangheungsa Temple site, building site in Keumseong Mountain, Ohapsa Temple site in Byryeong. From the fact that they used a variety of materials which they could easily get around them such as roof tiles or bricks in addition to stones for the construction of platforms, we can see the feasibility and decoration characteristics of their material supply at that time. On the other hand, this mixed construction of platform was not popular in Goguryo and Silla, the major reason for which is judged to be non-existence of platforms to construct using bricks or roof tiles which could be constructed together with platform using divided stones. This is supported by the results of excavation of Hwangryongsa Temple site, Bunhwangsa Temple site, Heungryunsa Temple site of Silla which gave us comparatively abundant excavation data, and Jeongreungsa Temple site, Cheongamsa Temple site, Toseongrisa Temple site and building site in Daeseong Mountain castle and Anhak Palace site of Goguryo. For further progressive study on the mixed construction of platform of Baikje in the future, we will have to review more on the social background and technical background with the linkage with archeology and architecture at that time which led to the creation of such platform.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.435-445
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• 2013

Since design response spectrum does not reflect local soil characteristics, site specific response spectrum of observed ground motions appears relatively higher than design response spectrum at high frequency range. These problems have been pointed out from the domestic seismic design industry. Among various estimation methods, this study used the method H/V ratio of ground motion for estimating site amplification. This method has been extended to background noise, Coda waves and S waves recently for estimating site amplification. This study applied this method to the background noise and Coda wave energy. This study analysed more than 267 background noises from 15 macro earthquakes including main Fukuoka earthquake (2005/03/20, M=6.5) and then compared to results from S waves, at 8 main domestic seismic stations. The results showed that most of the domestic seismic stations gave similar results to those from S waves. Each station showed its own characteristics of site amplification property in low, high and specific resonance frequency ranges. Comparison of this study to other studies using different method can give us much information about dynamic amplification of domestic sites characteristics and site classification.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2004

Present study analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of PM10 pollution in Metropolitan Daegu area based on air pollution monitoring station data and measurements of PM10 concentrations in background area in order to provide essential data for efficient PM10 pollution management. The significant variation of spatial and temporal PM10 concentrations in Daegu area was observed during the study years. The highest maximum PM10 concentration(332 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥), average concentration(88 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥) and frequency exceeding PM10 daily standard(150 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥) were all observed in Namsandong located near a major roadway. The hourly and weekly variations of PM10 concentrations had different pattern for the measurement sites. The monthly and seasonal concentrations exhibited a notable characteristic： the maximum concentration was obtained in spring season, most likely due to Yellow sand effects. Furthermore, this temporal variation of PM10 pollution varied with study site. Meanwhile, the PM10 values measured at the monitoring site, Manchondong, were comparable with those of a control site. The average PM10 concentration ranged from 23 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ to 115 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ with a mean value of 53 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ in the former site and from 22 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ to 91 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ with a mean value of 45 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ in the latter site.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.305-307
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• 2006

A multi-spectral photometer was set up as an NASA/AERONET site at Kinki University campus in Higashi-Osaka in 2002 for measuring urban aerosols. In addition, the SPM-613D (Kimoto Electric) commenced measurement of suspended particles matter (SPM) as $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ on March 15, 2004 at the same AERONET site. The obtained results revealed that the poor air quality of the Higashi-Osaka site is due not only to anthropogenic particles from local emissions, such as diesel vehicles and chemical industries, but also to dust particles brought from continental desert areas by large scale climatic conditions. To understand the characteristics of background atmosphere over Higashi-Osaka, we examined the relationship between $PM_{2.5}$ concentration and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at a wavelength of 0.87 μm based on AERONET data for background atmosphere (AOT<0.2). We obtained a linear regression line between AOT and $PM_{2.5}$ concentration. Using the linear relationships between AOT and $PM_{2.5}$, we show ground-level concentrations of $PM_{2.5}$ of background atmosphere from Terra/MODIS satellite measurements.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.257-263
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• 2008

We analyzed the statistical properties for the conductive background fractures in the Low and Intermediate Level Waste(LILW) disposal site to conceptualize of its groundwater flow system. The background fractures were classified to fracture sets based on their trends and plunges that were obtained from the borehole logging data, and then the fracture transmissivity distribution was inferred from the fixed interval hydraulic test results. The fracture size distribution of each fracture set was estimated using the fracture density and fracture mapping data. To verify the analyzed results, we compared observed field data to simulated one from the DFN model that was constructed with the analyzed statistical properties of the background fractures, and they showed a good agreement.