• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.211-217
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• 2001

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of functional herbal foods on the growth of intestinal lactic acid bacteria. When Bifidobacterium breve and human intestinal microflora were inoculated in the general anaerobic medium which contained each functional food water extract, most of functional herbal foods induced the growth of lactic acid bacteria by decreasing pH of the broth. The pH decreasing effects of Liriipe platyphylla and Platycodon grandiflorum were excellent. The growth of lactic acid bacteria effectively inhibited the bacterial enzymes, $\beta$-glucosidase and $\beta$ -glucuronidase. Eugenia caryophyllata and Liriipe platyphylla potently inhibited the productivity of P -glucosidase of B. breve and human intestinal bacteria. Cinnamomum cassia, Gardenia jasminoides and Platycodon grandiflorum potently inhibited the productivity of $\beta$-glucuronidase of human intestinal bacteria. The growth component isolated from Platycodon grandiflorum was sucrose (compound B).

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 1998

Five hundreds of bifidobacteria were isolated from a healthy Korean and the inhibitory effects of these isloated bacteria on harmful enzymes of human intestinal microflora were examined by cocultivation of the isolated bifidobacteria with E. coli or total human intestinal microflora. In comparison with the results of E. coli or intestinal microflora cultivation, Bifidobacterium breve K-110, B. breve K-111 and B. infantis K-525 effectively inhibited harmful enzymes ($\beta$-glucuronidase and tryptophanase) of E. coli and lowered the pH of the culture media. Also they inhibited the harmful enzymes ($\beta$-glucosidase, $\beta$-glucuronidase, tryptophanase and urease) and ammonia production of intestinal microflora, and lowered pH of the culture media by increasing lactic acid bacteria of intestinal microflora. When these isolated bifidobacteria were administered on mice, fecal harmful enzymes were also inhibited. Among tested bifidobacteria, B. breve K-110 had the highest inhibitory effect of fecal harmful enzymes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.368-370
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• 1999

The protective role of Bifidobacterium spp. (B. breve K-110, B. breve K-111, and B. infantis K-525) isolated from the fecal samples of healthy Koreans was investigated on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced aberrant crypt foci(ACF) formation in mouse colon. In mice fed normal diet with DMH treatment, an average of 68.5 ACF/colon was formed, whereas in mice administered with B. breve K-110, B. breve K-111, and B. infantis K-525, the numbers of DMH-induced ACF decreased to 7.2, 10.9, and 6.6 ACF/ colon, respectively. The mean number of crypts/focus was not significantly altered. Fecal harmful enzymes, such as β-glucuronidase, tryptophanase, and urease, were effectively inhibited during the administration of these bifidobacteria to mice. These results suggest that bifidobacteria could prevent colon cancer.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.555-564
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• 1999

The objective of this study was to investigate the preference of root vegetables and the inhibitory effect of the vegetables on harmful enzymes of intestinal bacteria. Two hundred fifty respondents in Seoul area surveyed to obtain information from Sep. 30 to Oct. 30, 1998. Respondents preferred Inpuomoea batatas (sweet potato, 4.05), Solanum tuberosum(potato, 3.97), Allium cepa(onion, 3.68), Codonopsis lanceolata(3.64) and Raponus sativus(redish, 3.60). The growth of B. breve K-110 was effectively increased by adding 0.5% extract of Solanum tuberosum(139%), Codonopsis lamceolate(145%), Dioscorea japonica(164%), Colocisia antiquorum(144%) extract to the medium. B. breve K-100 for beneficial bacteria, and E. coli HGU-3 or Bacteroides JY-6 for harmful bacteria were used to determine the inhibitory effect of root vegetables on harmful intestinal enzymes after co-culturing harmful and beneficial bacteria. The extract of Solanum tuberosum, Codonopsis lanceolata, Dioscorea japonica (yam) and Colocisia antiquorum (taroes) showed inhibitory effect on ${\beta}$-glucuronidase and tryptophanase of intestinal bacteria. The macromolecules were isolated from Solanum tuberosum, Codonopsis lanceolata, Dioscorea japonica and Colocisia antiquorum by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. By adding these isolated marcromolecules to the medium, the growth of B. breve K-100 were also increased and high inhibitory effects on the ${\beta}$-glucuronidase and tryptophanase were measured. These results suggested that the harmful enzymes of intestinal bacteria were inhibited by consuming Solanum tuberosum, Codonopsis lanceolata, Dioscorea japonica and Colocisia antiquorum. Therefore, they could prevent gastrointestinal diseases.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.267-272
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• 1999

The effects of Bifidobacterium longum HY8001 supplement intake on the fecal microflora and fecal bacterial enzyme activity were studied in ten healthy human volunteers, before, during and after intake (respectively for 3 weeks). During intake of B. longum HY8001 supplement, fecal, $\beta$-glucuronidase and nitroreductase activities significantly decreased 44.6%(p<0.005) and 32.3%(p<0.01), respectively. Although numbers of major bacterial groups of fecal microflora were not affected by B. longum HY8001 intake for 3 weeks, the number of Bifidobacterium was significantly increased (p<0.05). This result indicates that intake of B. longum HY8001 might be potentially beneficial for the prevention and inhibition of colon cancer and improvement of human intestinal microflora composition.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.358-361
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• 2008

Effect of extract of fermented dropwort (Oenanthe stolonifera) on growth of intestinal harmful/useful bacteria and enzyme activity were investigated in vitro. The extract showed strong inhibition on harmful microbes including Vibrio and Salmonella, but mild inhibition on Bifidobacterium longum in both agar plate and liquid cultivation. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of B. longum was the highest among tested microbes. Inhibition effect of fermented extract on harmful microbes increased according to fermentation period. Extract of fermented dropwort showed inhibitory effects on activity of microbial ${\beta}$-glucuronidase and tryptophanase. The inhibitory effects were also proportional to fermentation period. As consequence, it is assumed that the uptake of fermented dropwort might be useful for human intestinal health.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.266-271
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• 1994

Lipsome system composed of egg phosphatidylcholine was employed to reduce the membrane toxicity of Amphotericin B(Amp. B). Liposomal Amp. B, which showed a free drug equivalent antibiotic effect on fungi, displayed a remarkable reduction of toxicity of the drug against the membrane of red blood cell than that of fungizone which has been used in clinical treatment, and it shows conspicuously lowered toxicity on red blood cells. However liposomal Amp. B which contains cholesterol as a component of liposome lowered the antibiotic effect and toxicity than that phosphatidylcholine liposome. This due to the affinity between Amp. B and cholesterol. In addition to this, ${\beta}$-glucuronidase from snail juice crude enzyme reveals synergistic effect on liposomal Amp. B and free Amp. B. We also obtained positively raised antibiotic effect, when enzyme which is coupled with palmitic acid using NHSP inserted into liposome bilayer From these results, we suppose that the use of liposomal system in the case of Amp. B shows increasing antibiotic effect and dramatically lowered toxicity, thus, we think that we can solve the problem of Amp. B toxicity, which cause hesitate of clinical use.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.312-317
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• 1985

${\beta}$-Glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) which hydrolizes D-glucuronate from ${\beta}$-D-glucuronide was purified from rat liver, using ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, Concanavalin-A Sepharose 4B chromatography and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. This enzyme has the molecular weight of 280,000 daltons by gel filtration and 75,000 daltons by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. As its funtion is reverse of detoxification in the liver, the inhibition of the enzyme was tested with extracts of several food products and medicinal herbs, some are known as anti-cancer agents. Among them, Panax ginseng and Cortnellus shiiake inhibited the enzyme competitively and the $K_1$ values were $9.22 {\times}\;10^{-2}$ and 0.102 mg/ml, respectively. These inhibitors strongly bound to DEAE-cellulose. The negatively charged amino acids, L-aspartate and L-glutamate, inhibited the enzyme, and $K_1$ value of L-aspartate was 0.80 mM. The interaction between ${\beta}$-glucuronidase and p-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-D-glucuronide was found to involve ionic forces by the effect of ionic strength on the kinetic constant, Vmax/Km. It was inferred from these findings that cationic group at the active center of the enzyme is probably involved in attacking the substrate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.41-57
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• 1998

Five hundreds of bifidobacteria were isolated from an healthy Korean and the inhibitory effects of these isolated bacteria on harmful enzymes of human intestinal microflora were examined by cocultivation of the isolated bifidobacteria with E. coli HGU-3 or total human intestinal microflora. In comparison with the results of E. coli or intestinal microflora cultivation, Bifidobacterium breave K-110, B. breve K-111 and B. infantis K-525 effectively inhibited harmful enzymes (${\beta}-glucuronidase$ and tryptophanase) of E. coli and lowered the pH of the culture media. Also they inhibited the harmful enzymes (${\beta}-glucosidase$, ${\beta}-glucuronidase$, tryptophanase and urease) and ammonia production of intestinal microflora, and lowered pH of the culture media by increasing the number of bifidobateria on intestinal microflora. The inhibitory effect of bifidobacteria on Growth of Helicobacter pylori and Rotavirus infection were exammed. Bifidobacterium K-110 and K-111 inhibited effectively them. When these isolated bifidobacteria were administered to mice, the activities of fecal harmful enzymes were inhibited and the AC and ACF formation were suppressed. Among tested bifidobacteria, B. breve K-110 had high inhibitory effect of fecal harmful enzymes and ACF formation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1422-1427
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• 2013

Scutellaria baicalensis (SB), a traditional herb with high pharmacological value, contains more than 10% flavone by weight. To improve the biological activity of flavones in SB, we aimed to enhance the bioconversion of baicalin (BG) to baicalein (B) and wogonoside (WG) to wogonin (W) in SB during fermentation using beta-glucuronidase produced from Lactobacillus brevis RO1. After activation, L. brevis RO1 was cultured in milk containing SB root extract with various carbon or nitrogen sources at $37^{\circ}C$ for 72 h. During fermentation, the growth patterns of L. brevis RO1 and changes in the flavone content were assessed using thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. After 72 h of fermentation, the concentrations of B and W in the control group increased by only 0.15 and 0.12 mM, respectively, whereas they increased by 0.57 and 0.24 mM in the fish peptone group. The production of B and W was enhanced by the addition of 0.4% fish peptone, which not only improved the growth of L. brevis RO1 (p < 0.001) but also enhanced the bioconversion of flavones. In conclusion, the bioconversion of flavones in SB may provide a potential application for the enhancement of the functional components in SB.