• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.18-25
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• 2000

In this paper, we analyze TCP congestion control algorithm over ATM-UBR network. TCP congestion control algorithm consists of slow start, congestion avoidance, fast recovery, fast retransmit. We analyze the ATM-UBR network service using the BSD 4.3 TCP Reno, Vanilla. However we found the fact that the characteristic of fast retransmit, recovery algorithm makes a serious degradation of Performance in multiple losses of packets. We propose new fast retransmit, recovery algorithm to improve the problem. The results of performance analysis improve the multiple losses of packets using a proposed fast retransmit, recovery algorithm.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.235-244
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• 2004

There have been a lot of approaches to evaluate and predict transmission control protocol (TCP) performance in a numerical way. Especially, under the recent advance in wireless transmission technology, the issue of TCP performance over wireless links has come to surface. It is because TCP responds to all packet losses by invoking congestion control and avoidance algorithms, resulting in degraded end-to-end performance in wireless and lossy systems. By several previous works, although it has been already proved that overall TCP performance is largely dependent on its loss recovery performance, there have been few works to try to analyze TCP loss recovery performance with thoroughness. In this paper, therefore, we focus on analyzing TCP's loss recovery performance and have developed a simple model that facilitates to capture the TCP sender's behaviors during loss recovery period. Based on the developed model, we can derive the conditions that packet losses may be recovered without retransmission timeout (RTO). Especially, we have found that TCP Reno can retransmit three packet losses by fast retransmits in a specific situation. In addition, we have proved that successive three packet losses and more than four packet losses in a window always invoke RTO easily, which is not considered or approximated in the previous works. Through probabilistic works with the conditions derived, the loss recovery performance of TCP Reno can be quantified in terms of the number of packet losses in a window.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.9C no.2
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• pp.197-212
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• 2002

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) [1] has been tuned as a reliable transfer protocol for traditional networks comprising wired links and stationary hosts with same link characteristics. TCP assumes that congestion in the network be a primary cause for packet losses and unusual delays. TCP performs welt over such networks adapting to end-to-end delays and congestion losses, by standard congestion control mechanisms, such as slow-start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit and recovery. However, networks with wireless and other lossy links suffer from significant losses due to bit errors and handoffs. An asymmetry network such as ADSL has different bandwidth for both directions. As a result, TCP's standard mechanisms incur end-to-end performance degradation in various links. In this paper, we analyze the TCP problems in wireless, satellite, and asymmetry links, and measure the new TCP mechanisms that are recommended by IETF Performance Implications of Link Characteristics (PILC) WG[2], by using Network Simulator 2 (NS-2).

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.213-221
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• 2009

An aircraft collision accident is a disaster that causes great losses of inventories and lives. Though a collision avoidance warning function is provided automatically to pilots in the aircrafts by the enhancement of the aircraft capability, achieving fast decision-making to escape a collision situation is a complex and dangerous work for pilots. If an in-flight collision situation is controlled by the air traffic control system which monitors all airplanes in the air, it would be more efficient to prevent in-flight collisions because it can handle the emergency before the pilot's action. In this paper, we develop the collision avoidance warning function in the air traffic control system. Specifically, we design and implement the five stages of the collision avoidance function, and propose a visualization method which could effectively provide the operators with the trajectories and altitudes of the aircrafts in a collision situation. By developing an in-flight collision warning function in the air traffic control system that visualizes flight patterns through the state transition data of in-flight aircrafts on the flight path lines, it can effectively prevent in-flight collisions with traffic alerts. The developed function allows operators to effectively select and control the aircraft in a collision situation by providing the operators with the expected collision time, the relative distance, and the relative altitude while assessing the level of alert, and visualizing the alert information which includes the Attention-Warning-Alert phase via embodying the TCAS standard. With the developed function the air traffic control system could sense an in-flight collision situation before the pilot's decision-making moment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1799-1808
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• 2006

This study was designed to explore the effects of marbling on meat quality characteristics and intramuscular connective tissue of beef longissimus muscle. Chemical determinations, histological and mechanical measurements were performed on the raw and cooked meat at d 4 postmortem. The results showed that crude fat, collagen, fiber diameter and maximum transition temperature of intramuscular connective tissue increased (p<0.05) with the increase of marbling score. The cooking losses, collagen solubility, WBSF and perimysial thickness decreased (p<0.05) with the increasing marbling. WBSF correlated (p<0.05) with moisture, crude fat, collagen, cooking losses, sarcomere length and perimysial thickness. The development of marbling results in the decline in cooking losses, the avoidance of sarcomere shortening, and the disorganization of the perimysia, which accounts for the improvement of beef tenderness.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2014

Postharvest diseases cause considerable losses to harvested fruits and vegetables worldwide. Fresh produce suspected of harboring postharvest disease must be treated to control any pathogens present. Although there are various treatments to control postharvest losses by pathogens, the current community is eager to take safer and more eco-friendly alternatives to help with human health and reduce environmental risks. Ionizing irradiation is a promising phytosanitary treatment that has a significant potential to control postharvest diseases in use worldwide. Although almost 19000 metric tons of sweet potatoes and various fruits are irradiated each year in six countries to control postharvest disease, irradiation continues to be a debate, with slow acceptance by industries. Irradiation alone is not effective as a fungicide, and an over dose affects the physical properties of irradiated products. A combination of irradiation with other treatments such as heating, biocontrol agents, chlorination, and nano Ag particles is to enhance their effectiveness. Challenges to the use of phytosanitary irradiation are an avoidance of irradiated postharvest and cost of the irradiation facilities, and thus consumers still need to be educated on the principles and benefits of irradiation and prepare an optimum economy of scale for commercial use. In this review, we evaluated the current phytosanitary irradiation, and combination with various other treatments to minimize the postharvest losses.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.127-132
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• 2002

This paper aims to adjust the window size according to the network condition that the sender determines by making the receiver participating in the congestion levels. TCP-RLDM has the measurement-based transmission strategy based on the data-receiving rate complementing TCP with the property of Additive Increase / Multiplicative Decrease. The protocol can make an performance improvement by responding differently according to the property of errors-whether congestion losses or transient transmission errors - to confront dynamically in heterogeneous environments with wired or wireless networks and delay-sensitive or -tolerant applications. By collecting data-receiving rate and the cause of errors from the receiver and by enabling sender to use the congestion avoidance strategy before occuring congestion possibly, the protocol works well at variable network environments.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.43 no.3 s.345
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• pp.126-134
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• 2006

Traditional TCP implementations have the under-utilization problem in large bandwidth delay product networks especially during the startup phase. In this paper, we propose a delay-based congestion control(DCC) mechanism to solve the problem. DCC is subdivided into linear and exponential growth phases. When there is no queueing delay, the congestion window grows exponentially during the congestion avoidance period. Otherwise, it maintains linear increase of congestion window similar to the legacy TCP congestion avoidance algorithm. The exponential increase phase such as the slow-start period in the legacy TCP can cause serious performance degradation by packet losses in case the buffer size is insufficient for the bandwidth-delay product, even though there is sufficient bandwidth. Thus, the DCC uses the RTT(Round Trip Time) status and the estimated queue size to prevent packet losses due to excessive transmission during the exponential growth phase. The simulation results show that the DCC algorithm significantly improves the TCP startup time and the throughput performance of TCP in large bandwidth delay product networks.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.160-174
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• 2000

Nowadays, most widely used transport protocol, TCP is tuned to perform well in traditional networks where packet losses occur mostly because of congestion. TCP performs reliable end-to-end packet transmission under the assumption of low packet error rate. However, networks with wireless links suffer from significant losses due to high error rate and handoffs. TCP responds to all losses by invoking congestion control and avoidance algorithms, resulting in inefficient use of network bandwidth and degraded end-to-end performance in that system. To solve this problem, several methods have been proposed. In this paper, we analyse and compare these methods and propose appropriate model for improving TCP performance in the network with wireless links. This model uses TCP selective acknowledgement (SACK) option between TCP ends, and also uses caching method at the base station. Our simulation results show that using TCP SACK option with base station caching significantly reduces unnecessary duplicate retransmissions and recover packet losses effectively.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.8A
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• pp.1177-1185
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• 2000

In this paper, We report on the performance issues faced by TCP based applications on satellite link having long propagation delay and high probability of bit erros and propose ENA(Error Notification Ack) algorithm for TCP Performance Enhancement. TCP Protocol cannot distinguish errored segments(in noisy medium) from losses of genuine network congestion and react as if there is network congestion. Therefore, Slow Start and Congestion avoidance mechanism are initiated. It happen this case in satellite link. Therefore it reduce the transmission rate and drop the performance. So, in this paper We propose ENA algorithm which is distinguished errored segments from losses of network congestion. And We propose the method of algorithm's implementation. And We evaluate the Performance of Tahoe, Reno, Sack TCP with ENA. As results, TCP Performance is better.