• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.393-407
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 과거에서부터 기록된 우리나라 65개의 관측소들을 대상으로 강수량 데이터를사용하여 강수빈도와 극한 지표들을 산출해 냄으로써, 지표에 따라 지역별 분포를 살펴보고 시공간적인 증 감율에 대한 결과를 제시하였다. 그 결과를 시계열로 도시함으로 쉽게 파악할 수 있지만경향이 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않는 경우에는 통계적 방법인 Mann-Kendall 경향성 분석을 실시하여 이에 대해 파악하였다. 더불어 FARD를 이용하여 100년과 200년의 빈도확률강수량을 산정하고 이를 비교하였다. 강우특성을 크게 Amount, Extreme, Frequency로 분류하고 각각의 지수를 강우량 지수(Rainfall Index for Amount), 강우극치 지수(Rainfall Index for Extremes), 강우빈도 지수(Rainfall Index for Frequency)로 정의하고 RIA, RIE, RIF를 산술평균하여 홍수에 대한 종합적인 강우 위험도를 나타내는 평균 강우지수(Average Rainfall Index, ARI)를 산정하였다. 그 결과 과거에 비해 최근 10년간 강우량의 정량적인 평가 특성은 양적으로 22.3%, 극치사상 발생측면은 26.2%, 빈도측면은 5.1% 증가하였음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 본연구의 결과는 최근 우리나라 기후변화 경향을 구체적으로 제시하고 있으므로 기후변화 대비 적응 연구의 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2014

면적평균강우량의 산정은 가용 수자원의 정확한 양을 파악하고 강우-유출해석에 필수적인 입력자료이기 때문에 매우 중요하다. 이와 같은 면적평균강우량의 정확한 산정을 위한 필수적인 조건은 강우관측망의 균일한 공간적 분포이다. 본 연구에서는 보다 향상된 유역 면적평균강우량 산정을 위한 강우관측망의 공간분포 평가방법론을 제시하고, 이를 한강 및 금강 유역에 적용하였다. 강우관측소의 공간적 분포 특성은 최근린 지수(nearest neighbor index)를 이용하여 정량화하였다. 유역별 강우관측소의 공간적 분포가 면적평균강우량 산정에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 2013년의 강우사상에 대해 산술평균법, 티센가중법, 추정이론을 이용하여 면적평균강우량을 산정하고 각 경우에 대해 추정오차를 평가하였다. 그 결과 공간분포가 우수한 유역은 면적평균강우량의 추정오차가 상대적으로 작으며, 반대로 공간분포가 왜곡된 유역의 경우는 상대적으로 추정오차가 큼을 확인하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1004-1009
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• 2011

Soil erosion in North Korea has been continued to accelerate by deterioration of topographical conditions. However, few studies have been conducted to predict the amount of soil loss in North Korea due to limited data so far. Rainfall erosivity is an important factor to predict the amount of long-term annual soil loss by USLE (universal soil loss equation). The purpose of this study is to investigate rainfall erosivity, which presented the potential risk of soil erosion by water, in North Korea. Annual rainfall erosivities for 27 stations in North Korea for 1983~2010 were calculated using regression models based on modified Institute of Agricultural Sciences (IAS) index in this study. The result showed that annual average rainfall erosivity in North Korea ranged from 2,249 to 7,526 and averaged value was $4,947MJmm\;ha^{-1}\;hr^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, which corresponded to about 70% of annual average rainfall erosivity in South Korea. The finding was that the potential risk of soil erosion in North Korea has been accelerated by the increase of rainfall erosivity since the late 1990s.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.103-111
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• 1995

Drought index calculation based on the principal hydrological parameters, such as rainfall and reservoir storage, can estimate the duration and intensity of drought in irrigation reservoirs. It is difficult to build up a drought criteria since the conditions change variously by the reliability of rainfall. Because of the increasing water demands, it is urgent to prepare a generalized positive countermeasure to overcome drought. Water demands can at calculated but the estimation of drought characteristics, and the effective water management method can be established. The purpose of this study is to obtain a drought index and build up a data-base on the reservoir basins for establishing the fundamental hydrological data-base. This Index can observe the behavior of the WSI(Water Supply Index) and the component indices. The results summarized through this study are as follows. 1. WSI value of zero does not correspond to 100% in average due to the skewness in the probability distributions. 2. WSI is not a linear index; that is, given change in terms of water volume or percentage of average does not result in a proportional change on the WSI scale. 3. WSI is not always between the reservoir and the rainfall index in magnitude. This is only true if the component indices are of opposite sign. If they are of the same sign, the SWSI will often have a mangitude greater than either of the component indices. This is easily understood, because the concurrence of extreme values of the same sign for the two components is rarer than the occurrence of extreme values for either of the two components individually.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2023

Various techniques for bias correction and statistical downscaling have been developed to overcome the limitations related to the spatial and temporal resolution and error of climate change scenario data required in various applied research fields including agriculture and water resources. In this study, the characteristics of three different statistical dowscaling methods (i.e., SQM, SDQDM, and BCSA) provided by AIMS were summarized, and climate change scenarios produced by applying each method were comparatively evaluated. In order to compare the average rainfall characteristics of the past period, an index representing the average rainfall characteristics was used, and the reproducibility of extreme weather conditions was evaluated through the abnormal climate-related index. The reproducibility comparison of spatial distribution and variability was compared through variogram and pattern identification of spatial distribution using the average value of the index of the past period. For temporal reproducibility comparison, the raw data and each detailing technique were compared using the transition probability. The results of the study are presented by quantitatively evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of each method. Through comparison of statistical techniques, we expect that the strengths and weaknesses of each detailing technique can be represented, and the most appropriate statistical detailing technique can be advised for the relevant research.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.2223-2235
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• 2013

본 연구는 남 북한에서 시 공간적 강수특성 변화를 이해하고자, 남한 65개 기상청 관측소에서 1963년부터 2010년까지, 북한 27개 관측소에서 1973년부터 2010년까지 측정된 일 강수량 자료를 분석했다. 총량(Amount), 극치(Extremes)와 빈도(Frequency)를 나타내는 지표들을 선정하였고, 각각의 지표를 RIA (Rainfall Index for Amount), RIE (Rainfall Index for Extremes), RIF (Rainfall Index for Frequency)로 정의하였다. 남 북한 행정구역별로 2000년까지 평균 지표 값과 2001년부터 2010년까지 최근 10년 평균 지표 값을 비교하였다. 과거에 비해 최근 10년간 남한은 연중 강우일수를 나타내는 NWD (Number of Wet Days)와, 200년 빈도 강수량을 나타내는 Freq200 (200-yr Frequency Rainfall)을 제외한 SDW (Annual mean daily rainfall over wet-days), TotalDR (Annual Total Rainfall Amount), Prcp50 (Annual number of wet days over 50 mm/day), Prcp80 (Annual number of wet days over 80 mm/day), CWD (Annual maximum number of consecutive wet-days), AMDR (Annual maximum daily rainfall), 그리고 R3day (Annual maximum 3-days rainfall total) 값들이 모두 증가한 양상을 보였지만 북한은 SDW와, 연총강우량 TotalDR을 제외하곤 모두 감소하였다. 또한 연평균 지표 값의 경향성을 확인하기 위해 통계적 방법인 Mann-Kendall 검정을 실시하였다. 과거 감소의 경향을 나타내던 각 관측지점이 최근에 이르러서는 경향성의 역전 되는 현상을 보인 곳이 나타났으며, 이는 평균값만을 바탕으로 강수사상 특성변화를 분석하는 방법의 한계점으로 볼 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 한반도 물 관리 기후변화에 대한 영향 분석과 대응 대책 마련에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2000

This study was conducted to recognize a possibility that cone index can be used as a means of evaluating the tillage workability. Cone indexes were measured every 24 hours after rainfall at the experimental plots, and the rotary and plowing operations were conducted at the same time. The workability was evaluated on a basis of three categories of good, fair and poor depending on the quality of the performed works. Although the workability was affected by many factors such as soil type, moisture content ground slope and weather condition, the duration and amount of rainfall were of most influence. Results of the study showed that a good workability was resulted from the cone indexes greater than an average of 552 kPa for rotary operations and 671 kPa for plowing operations. Fair work was obtained with cone indexes greater than an average of 331 kPa for rotary operations and 459 kPa for plowing operations. The cone indexes less than an average of 171 kPa and 149 kPa resulted in poor workabilities for rotary and plowing operations, respectively. The experimental results may provide a general guideline for evaluating the tillage workability by cone index.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 일강수량의 누적 패턴을 고려하여 새로운 가뭄지수(RADI)를 개발하였다. RADI는 누적 강수량의 장기간의 평균과 특정 기간에 관측된 누적 강수량을 비교하여 일단위로 가뭄지수를 간단히 산정할 수 있도록 개발되었다. 우리나라의 대표적인 가뭄기간 동안의 RADI의 시 공간적 변동성과 재현 주기를 살펴봄으로써 장 단기 가뭄의 감시에 대한 RADI의 적용성을 평가하였다. SPI의 경우, 장 단기 가뭄을 표현하기 위해서는 여러 가지 지속기간을 가지는 SPI를 사용해야 하지만, RADI는 하나의 지수로 단기 및 장기가뭄을 표현하고 모니터링 할 수 있다. RADI의 전국 평균값을 살펴본 결과, 우리나라에서 20년 주기로 가뭄이 발생하고 있다는 사실을 확인하였다. 또한 RADI의 발생확률 및 통계 분석을 통해 5단계의 가뭄 등급을 제안하였으며, 이는 가뭄 예보와 대응을 위한 기준으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제66권4호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2024

Precipitation is an important component of the hydrological cycle and a key input parameter for many applications in hydrology, climatology, meteorology, and weather forecasting research. Grid-based satellite rainfall products with wide spatial coverage and easy accessibility are well recognized as a supplement to ground-based observations for various hydrological applications. The error properties of satellite rainfall products vary as a function of rainfall intensity, climate region, altitude, and land surface conditions. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the commonly used new global grid-based satellite rainfall product, Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS), using data collected at different spatial and temporal scales. Additionally, in this study, grid-based CHIRPS satellite precipitation data were used to evaluate the 2022 extreme drought. CHIRPS provides high-resolution precipitation data at 5 km and offers reliable global data through the correction of ground-based observations. A frequency analysis was performed to determine the precipitation deficit in 2022. As a result of comparing droughts in 2015, 2017, and 2022, it was found that May 2022 had a drought frequency of more than 500 years. The 1-month SPI in May 2022 indicated a severe drought with an average value of -1.8, while the 3-month SPI showed a moderate drought with an average value of 0.6. The extreme drought experienced in South Korea in 2022 was evident in the 1-month SPI. Both CHIRPS precipitation data and observations from weather stations depicted similar trends. Based on these results, it is concluded that CHIRPS can be used as fundamental data for drought evaluation and monitoring in unmeasured areas of precipitation.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.36-45
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• 2016

Variability in precipitation due to climate change causes difficulties in securing stable surface water resource, which requires understanding of relation between precipitation and stream discharge. This study simulated stream discharge in a small mountainous forested catchment using antecedent precipitation index (API) models which represent variability of saturation conditions of soil layers depending on rainfall events. During 13 months from May 2015 to May 2016, stream discharge and rainfall were measured at the outlet and in the central part of the watershed, respectively. Several API models with average recession coefficients were applied to predict stream discharge using measured rainfall, which resulted in the best reflection time for API model was 1 day in terms of predictability of stream discharge. This indicates that soil water in riparian zones has fast response to rainfall events and its storage is relatively small. The model can be improved by employing seasonal recession coefficients which can consider seasonal fluctuation of hydrological parameters. These results showed API models can be useful to evaluate variability of streamflow in ungauged small forested watersheds in that stream discharge can be simulated using only rainfall data.