• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.696-706
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• 2022

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Silybum marianum seed (SMS) extract on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal noxious gas emission, and hematology parameters in weaned piglets. A total of 120, 21-day-old weaned piglets ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) were randomly assigned to 3 groups based on the average initial body weight (6.46 ± 0.45 kg). There were 8 replicate pens per treatment and 5 pigs (mixed sex) per pen. The experimental period was 42 days. Dietary groups included a basal diet, and a basal diet supplemented with 0.05% or 0.10% SMS extract. Feeding weaned piglets with SMS extract containing diet significantly increased average daily gain and average daily feed intake. Additionally, the supplementation of SMS extract had no significant effects on nutrient digestibility, serum hematology, and fecal noxious gas emission parameters. We considered that the supplementation of SMS extract had positive effects on the voluntary feed intake in weaned piglets, thus improving growth performance.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.295-304
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• 2001

양적형질 유전자 좌위 (QTL)의 탐색과 이들의 발현 양상 규명을 위해 Berkshire종과 Yorkshire종 간의 교배를 통해 생산된 F$_2$ 실험집단에서 regression interval mapping이 이루어졌다. 모두 525마리의 F$_2$ 자손들에서 일당 증체량, 평균 등지방 두께, 배장근 단면적이 표현형으로 조사되어 분석에 이용되었으며 모돈의 번식능력에 관련된 QTL 존재 여부 추정을 위해 간접 형질로 인정되고 있는 생시체중과 이유 시 체중을 분석에 포함하였다. 양적형질의 분리 여부를 추론하기 위하여 돼지의 2번 염색체에서 8종의 microsatellite 표지인자가 선택되어 유전자형이 조사되었다. 각각의 유전적 모델에서 산출된 통계량으로부터 QTL 존재 여부와 특정 QTL 발현 양상에 대한 여부를 나타낼 수 있는 인정되는 수준의 type I 오차율을 제어할 수 있는 임계값 (threshold)을 permutation test에 의해 제시하였다. QTL의 존재와 그 QTL의 Imprinting 여부는 부계와 모계를 통해 원가계 1세대의 대립유전자가 전달되는 과정에서 발현되는 특성을 분리시키는 통계적 의형을 설정하여 검정 통계량을 산출하였다. 분석에 이용된 3가지 형질과 연관된 3종류의 QTL 존재 가능성을 돼지의 2번 염색체에서 확인하였으며, 이들 중 평균 등지방 두께와 배장근 단면적에 각각 영향을 미칠 것으로 추론된 2종류의 QTL 발현은 정상적인 Mendelian 유전양식을 따르지 않고 imprinting된다는 증거를 얻어냈다. 또한 이들 imprinting되는 QTL은 이미 imprinting 표현 양식을 가진다고 알려진 IGF II 유전자의 위치와 거의 동일한 염색체강의 지점에서 부계로 전달되는 QTL만이 발현되는 특징을 보이는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 한편 Mendelian 모형과 imprinting 모형 모두에서 유의적인 임계값 이상을 보이는 검정 통계량이 산출된 일당 증체량 연관 QTL은 두 모형간의 적정성 분석을 위한 검정을 퐁해 Mendelian 양식을 따른 것으로 최종 확인되었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.366-373
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• 2024

This study aims to estimate the connectedness rating (CR) of Korean swine breeding herds. Using 104,380 performance and 83,200 reproduction records from three swine breeds (Yorkshire, Landrace and Duroc), the CR was estimated for two traits: average daily gain (ADG) and number born alive (NBA) in eight breeding herds in the Republic of Korea (hereafter, Korea). The average CR for ADG in the Yorkshire breed ranges from 1.32% to 28.5% depending on the farm. The average CR for NBA in the Yorkshire herd ranges from 0% to 12.79%. A total of 60% of Yorkshire and Duroc herds satisfied the preconditions suggested for genetic evaluation among the herds. The precondition for the genetic evaluation of CR for ADG, as a productive trait, was higher than 3% and that of NBA, as a reproductive trait, was higher than 1.5%. The ADG in the Yorkshire herds showed the highest average CR. However, the average CR of ADG in the Landrace herds was lower than the criterion of the precondition. The prediction error variance of the difference (PEVD) was employed to assess the validation of the CR, as PEVDs exhibit fluctuations that are coupled with the CR across the herds. A certain degree of connectedness is essential to estimate breeding value comparisons between pig herds. This study suggests that it is possible to evaluate the genetic performance together for ADG and NBA in the Yorkshire herds since the preconditions were satisfied for these four herds. It is also possible to perform a joint genetic analysis of the ADG records of all Duroc herds since the preconditions were also satisfied. This study provides new insight into understanding the genetic connectedness of Korean pig breeding herds. CR could be utilized to accelerate the genetic progress of Korean pig breeding herds.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.383-388
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• 2009

본 연구는 혼파초지에서 유 산양을 방목 이용하였을 때의 건물섭취량, 증체량 및 두당 방목초지의 소요면적을 산출하고자 2007년 4월부터 2008년 6월까지 충남대학교 동물사육장내 혼파초지에서 수행하였다. 공시초지는 2006년 9월 21일 orchardgrass (40%) + tall fescue (20%) + perennial ryegrass (10%) + alfalfa (15%) + red clover (15%)를 ha당 30 kg 파종하여 경운초지로 조성한 혼파초지에서 수행하였다. 방목면적은 총 $5,000\;m^2$로 4목구(구당 평균 $1,250\;m^2$)의 윤환 방목으로 12회 방목하였다. 공시축은 Saanen종으로 13두(평균 31.1 kg)를 방목하였다. 방목기간 중 월 별로 조사한 혼파초지의 평균 조단백질 함량은 20.4%, NDF와 ADF 함량은 각각 65.3%와 31.1%이었으며, 건물소화율은 68.9%이었다. 두당 평균 건물섭취량은 1.253 kg 이었으며, 체중 당 3.01%을 섭취하였다. 방목기간 (184일)의 두당 평균 증체량은 17.4 kg이었고, 일당증체량은 98g이었다. 유 산양(체중 50 kg 기준)의 두당 방목초지의 소요면적은 $467.7\;m^2$로 산출되었는데 이를 Animal unit (AU/ha)로 환산하면 약 2.14 AU/ha에 해당하였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2021

This study was conducted on sows to evaluate the effect of flaxseed oil on the sows and their offspring's performance. Forty-eight (48) sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) and their offspring were assigned randomly to each treatment (Control and Control + flaxseed oil 0.5% [FX]). Body weight (BW), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and nutrient digestibility of the sows were estimated. Sow backfat thickness, days-to-estrus, and chest circumference were measured by different methods. In piglets, survival rate, the initial weight, weaning weight, and average daily gain (ADG) were calculated. Fecal scores of both the sows and piglets were recorded. Inclusion of FX did not influence (p > 0.05) the litter size, days-to-estrus, sow BW, ADFI and digestibility of nutrient throughout the experiment. Reduction in (p < 0.05) BW loss was observed with the FX supplementation in sows. Only the backfat thickness during the weaning period showed an increase (p < 0.05) by FX supplementation. Chest circumference was decreased (p < 0.05) in the FX group compared to the control. Sows fed the FX diet had a reduced (p < 0.05) fecal score only at weaning. Piglets' fecal score showed no significant differences for FX supplementation. However, the inclusion of FX brought about a higher (p < 0.05) birth weight, weaning weight, and average daily gain (ADG). In conclusion, our study suggests that FX has positive supplementary effects on a sow's body condition and its offspring's performance as a source of n-3 fatty acid.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2022

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of supplementation of low-energy diets with PROSOL^® (sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate) as an emulsifier on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of growing pigs. A total of 120 crossbred ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) growing pigs with an average initial body weight of 23.80 ± 4.87 kg were used in a 56-day feeding trial and were sorted into three dietary treatments. Each treatment utilized eight replications with five pigs per pen. The dietary treatments were as follows: PC (high, net energy diet [NE] = 2,488 kcal·kg^-1 [weeks 1 to 4] and NE = 2,477 kcal·kg^-1 [weeks 5 to 8]); NC (low, NE = 2,472 kcal·kg^-1 [weeks 1 to 4] and NE = 2,468 kcal·kg^-1 [weeks 5 to 8]); NC1 (NC + 0.05% PROSOL^® emulsifier). Growth performance outcomes were measured at the initial point and at weeks 4 and 8 while nutrient digestibility parameters were measured at weeks 4 and 8. From weeks 1 - 8, body weight and the average daily gain of the NC1 group pigs showed significant increases (p < 0.05) compared to those of the PC and NC treatment groups. At the end of the trail, pigs fed a diet containing low net energy with 0.05% of the emulsifier showed reduced feed conversion ratio (FCR) levels. However, the average daily feed intake and nutrient digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen remained unaffected throughout the experiment. In summary, the addition of a low-net-energy diet with 0.05% sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate as an emulsifier enhanced the body weight and daily gain with no adverse effects on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.1065-1076
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of dietary mulberry leaves on the growth, production performance, gut microbiota, and immunological parameters of poultry and livestock. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were systematically analyzed to identify pertinent studies up to December 2022. The effects of mulberry leaf diet was assessed using the weighted mean difference, and the 95% confidence interval was calculated using a random-effects model. Results: In total, 18 studies that sampled 2,335 poultry and livestock were selected for analysis. Mulberry leaves improved the average daily gain and reduced the feed/meat ratio in finishing pigs, and the average daily gain and average daily feed intake in chicken. In production performance, mulberry leaves lowered the half carcass weight, slaughter rate, and loin eye area in pigs, and the slaughter rate in chickens. Regarding meat quality in pigs, mulberry leaves reduced the cooked meat percentage, shear force, crude protein, and crude ash, and increased the 24 h pH and water content. In chickens, it increased the drip loss, shear force, 45 min and 24 h pH, crude protein, and crude ash. Mulberry leaves also affect the abundances of gut microbiota, including Bacteroides, Prevotella, Megamonas, Escherichia-Shigella, Butyricicoccus, unclassified Ruminococcaceae, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Escherichia coli in poultry and livestock. Mulberry leaves at different doses were associated with changes in antioxidant capacity in chickens, and immune organ indexes in pigs. With respect to egg quality, mulberry leaves at different doses improved the shell strength, yolk color, eggshell thickness, and eggshell weight. However, moderate doses diminished the egg yolk ratio and the egg yolk moisture content. Conclusion: In general, dietary mulberry leaves improved the growth, production performance, and immunological parameters in poultry and livestock, although the effects varied at different doses.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2024

In this research, the growth efficiency, nutritional utilization, fecal microbial levels, and fecal score of weaned pigs were evaluated using therapeutic zinc oxide (ZnO) and zinc aspartic acid chelate (Zn-Asp). In a 42-day feeding trial, 60 weaned pigs ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) were arbitrarily allotted (age: 21 days; 7.01 ± 0.65 kg preliminary body weight) to 3 different treatment groups with 5 repetitions (2 male and 2 female piglets) in each pen. The trial had 2 different phases, including 1-21 days as phase 1, and 22-42 days as phase 2. The nutritional treatments were: basal diet as control (CON), basal diet incorporated with 3,000 ppm ZnO as TRT1, and basal diet incorporated with 750 ppm Zn-Asp as TRT2. In comparison to the CON group, the pigs in the TRT1 and TRT2 groups had greater (p < 0.05) body weight on day 42; an average daily gain, and an average daily feed intake on days 22-42. Furthermore, during days 1-42, the average daily gain in the treatment groups trended higher (p < 0.05) than in the CON group. Additionally, the fecal score decreased (p < 0.05) at week 6, the lactic acid bacteria count tended to increase (p < 0.05), and coliform bacteria presented a trend in reduction (p < 0.05) in the TRT1 and TRT2 groups compared to the CON group. However, there was no difference in nutrient utilization (p > 0.05) among the dietary treatments. Briefly, the therapeutic ZnO and Zn-Asp nutritional approaches could decrease fecal score and coliform bacteria, increase lactic acid bacteria, and improve growth efficiency; moreover, Zn-Asp (750 ppm) can perform a comparable role to therapeutic ZnO (3,000 ppm). So we can use Zn-Asp (750 ppm) instead of therapeutic ZnO (3,000 ppm) for the better performance of weaning pigs and the reduction of environmental pollution, as therapeutic ZnO is responsible for environmental pollution.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.239-243
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• 1996

Three hundred and twenty-four 1 day old chicks were used to determine the effects of fat source and energy to protein ratio on growth performance , carcass composition and the efficiency on nutrient utilization. Chicks were assigned. in a completely randomized design, to 3*3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Chicks received one of three fat sources (n0 fat, tallow, corn oil) and one of three energy to protein ratios(16, 14 and 12kcal ME/g CP). All diets were formulated to be isocaloric(3.2Mcal ME/kg diets) using published ME values for the diet ingredients. Addition of tat to the diet increased ADG, average daily feed intake, and gain to feed, Chicks fed diets containing fat had increased percentage body DM and ether extract(EE), but percentage CP was not different, Chicks fed diets containing fat had increased efficiency of protein and energy deposition. Addition of fat ad either fallow or corn oil yielded similar results. Reducing the energy to protein ratio of the diet did not affect ADG or gain to feed, but tended to decrease average daily feed intake(p=0.80), as well as resulting in linear(p<0.05) reductions in body percentage DM., EE and also total EE. Increasing the energy to protein ratio did not affect percentage or total body Cp. Adding fat to poultry diets improved growth performance and the efficiency of growth chicks. Decreasing the energy to protein ratio did not affect growth performance, but reduced EE in the body of Chicks.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1504-1513
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• 2011

It is important to identify genetic interactions related to human diseases or animal traits. Many linear statistical models have been reported but they did not consider genetic interactions. Genotype matrix mapping (GMM) has been developed to identify genetic interactions. This study uses the GMM method to detect superior SNP combinations of the CCDC158 gene that influences average daily gain, marbling score, cold carcass weight and longissimus muscle dorsi area traits in Hanwoo. We evaluated the statistical significance of the major SNP combinations selected by implementing the permutation test of the F-measure. The effect of g.34425+102 A>T (AA), g.8778G>A (GG) and g.4102+36T>G (GT) SNP combinations produced higher performance of average daily gain, marbling score, cold carcass weight and the longissimus muscle dorsi area traits than the effect of a single SNP. GMM is a fast and reliable method for multiple SNP analysis with potential application in marker-assisted selection. GMM may prospectively be used for genetic assessment of quantitative traits after further development.