• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 1986

The present study investigated the current child care practices of professional working mothers in Korea and their needs for substitute child care outside the home. Three hundred twenty-two professional working mothers who have children under 6 years of age in Seoul, Pusan, Taegu, and Taejon were surveyed with the use of a questionnaire. It was found that during their working hours, most of the professional working mothers put their children in the care of either the paternal or the maternal grandmothers. Others put the children in the care of a full-time housekeeper or a part-time housekeeper. While all the mothers had worked out a way to care for their children, almost all of them would use day care if facilities were available. Specifically, 42 per cent prefer child care at their work site, 21 per cent prefer family day care, and only 3 per cent indicated that they would not use any child care facilities. Most of the working mothers think that their employer should manage the day care program. Others prefer social agency or government management. Regarding costs, most prefer that costs should be split 50-50 between the employer and the family. In addition, professional working mothers wanted quality programs with educational components rather than mere custodial care. It was concluded that variety in types of quality child care programs should be available to provide working mothers the options of choosing what they want for their children. The main type of programs suggested by this study is work site based child care for children under 3 years of age. The existing law for the Saemaul Nursery School program should be implemented so as to include programs for children under 3.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.137-150
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to explore the amis of two-day weekend system, the attitudes of people towards the system, and people's actions taken under the system implementation in Taiwan. Several other factors together with the implementation of Two-day Weekend System and at least three interrelated factors are the spurs for families to adjust their family life styles. the interrelated factors are changing economy, changing demography, and changing technology. The strategies available for families are as follows: 1. Keeping simple family life 2. Looking for flexible jobs other than a fixed daytime schedule. 3. Taking the advantages of information technology. 4. Working and getting together with family members at home and outside of the home.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.4D
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• pp.513-521
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• 2008

The objective of this study is the evaluation of the impact on the construction condition due to historical observation data and IPCC SRES A2 climate change scenario. For this purpose, daily precipitation and daily mean temperature data which have been observed over the past 30 years by Korea Meteorological Administration are collected and applied. Also, A2 scenarios during 2011~2040 and 2051~2080 are used for this analysis. According to the results of trend analyses on annual precipitation and annual mean temperature, they are on the increase mostly. The available working day and the day occurred an extreme event are used as correlation indices between climate factor and construction condition. For the past observation data, linear regression and Mann-Kendall test are used to analyze the trend on the correlation index. As a result, both working day and extreme event occurrence day are increased. Likewise, for the future, variation analysis showed the similar result to that of the past and the occurrence frequency of extreme events is increased obviously. Therefore, we can project to increase flood damage potential on the construction site by climate change.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.637-647
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• 1993

Over 40 per cent Indian population needs to be attended for nutritional improvement. Traditional nutritious food resources though abundantly available but presently less used, if incorporated in the diets, can yield low-cost nutritionally balanced diets. The linear programming (LP)model was used for optimization of food resources to satisfy protein -energy requirements of hard working rural poor. Soybean-a highly nutritious food legume-available at reasonably low price was included along with chick -pea and pigeon -pea for comparison .The three cereals predominantly used in Indian diets -rice, wheat and sorghum -and three typical leafy vegetables namely, spinach , drumstick leaves and rajagira (Amaranths paniculantus) leaves were used for optimization . The contribution of food legume was restricted to supply only 50 per cent of daily protein requirement for maximum protein value. The quantities of other food stuffs namely , milk , sugar , tubers etc. were restricted to nati nal per capita availability. the nutrition satisfaction levels in per cent RDA by the model are 149-250 for protein , 51-106 for fat, 134-362 for iron an d143-1158 for Vitamin-A. Quantities of food legumes, cereals and leafy vegetables ranged from 289-601, 3000-3700 and 360-1200 g/day respectively for a reference family of five hard working rural poor. Daily food resources cost ranged from US$ 0.6 to 1.0 for the family. Amongst food legumes, soybean based diet combinations provide maximum nutritional benefits at minimum cost indicating its suitability for wider adoption by hard working poor.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.81-94
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to identify the possibility of unemployed married women's economic activity by analysing their willingness to work and possible influencial factors on it. This study estimates the effects of independent variables on the dependent available by using Binomial Probit Model. sample are 592 two-parent households. The results of this study are as follows ; The percentage of unemployed married women's willingness to enter into the labor market is 25.2%. Among the variables which have affected their willingness are family variables(family size, the number of children and the existence of children under the age of 6), personal variables(the age, education level and the past working experience) and financial variables(non-wage income, Engel's coefficient, expenditure o leisure activities and the subject judgement of their financial status). It is hard to accept those women's low willingness as is since the most crucial statistically was especially the children of 6 or less among the family variables. That is to say, more favorable conditions of the labor market and inexpensive day-care centres available would certainly encourage married women to be more willing to participate in economic activities as employees.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.197-202
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• 1994

Microalga, Spirulina platensis has been cultivated in a pilot scale photo-bioreactor to treat wastewater and to produce high protein feedstocks from swine waste containing medium. 0.31(1/day) of specific growth rate and 0.170 of bioenergeric yield were obtanined from batch cultivation in 30% waster containing medium, compared to 0.71(1/day) and 0.545 from clean culture. An optimal dilution concentration was decided as 20% of working volume, based upon the cell growth and biomass productivity. The removal rate of nitrates in the wastewater was decreased as the adding concentration of wastewater was increased while the decrease of total phosphates was reversed, showing 0.33(1/day) and 0.30(1/day) of rate constants for nitrate removal in 10% addition and for phosphate removal in 30% addition, respectively. The chemical composition and amino acid profile of the biomass were superior to those of commerically available health food product, Spirulina sp.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.2
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• pp.83-103
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• 1981

1. Outline of the Study A boom of baby hotels is taking place in Japan. Baby hotel means day care centers that renders services day and night for babies of working mothers. These baby hotels are thriving because many mothers welcome the system because of their needs. However, accidents occurred in a row recently and therefore baby hotel has suddenly become a social issue. According to the ministry of health welfare, there are 587 baby hotels in Japan accommodating about 10,000 children and they are mostly located around amusement centers. The reasons that these baby hotels thrive in spite of the fact that there are 22,000 day care centers in Japan are : (1) shortage of day care centers compared to the needs (2) most centers do not take in babies below 1 year. This study aims to describe the present status of the baby hotels and the background of the phenomena that made it possible for them to thrive with no permission from the government. This study mostly deals with the phenomena in Tokyo. 2. Day Care Policy in Japan and the Problems of Baby Hotels The present review deals with the problems from the following 6 dementions. (1) the shortage of day care centers (2) inadequate system for the care of babies (3) inadequate daily hours of day care centers (4) Unflexable enrollment system of day care centers (5) imperfect enfollment process & guidelines (6) lack of alternative institutions 3. Result The Ministry of Health & Welfare affered the following ways to cape with the problems of baby hotels : (1) restraint of the baby hotels (2) utilization of existing day care centers for the care of babies. In my opinion, these suggestions seem too superficial in solving the problems. I would rather suggest that the Japanese government review the whole system of child welfare administration. The Child welfare Law of Japan made a clear statement in its article 24 that, "if day care centers are not available, alternative institution for proper care of children must be sought for." My suggestions for the alternative care are : (1) public nursing rooms (2) family day care (3) extention of kindergarten hours (4) foster family care.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.129-144
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to identify current trends in the sport industry in Korea, U.S. and Japan and to also analyze the potential of the sport industry in the 21st Century. This paper analyzes the current sport related index of Korea, U.S. and Japan and the effect of scientific development. Scientific development has provided prosperity to modern societies and has thus increased the personal disposable income and leisure time available to people living in these societies, Many people spend their?leisure time on sports related activities and the number is growing day by day and this situation makes the sports market a very attractive and important business sector in the world. Considering the increase of household income and leisure time and the introduction of a five-day working week system, the sports market potential growth will be considerable and it is certain the demand for sports related activities, services and products will also show increases in the 21st Century. This paper estimates that sports expenditures could be estimated at $10 billion in Korea, $150 billion in U.S and 4.3 billion yen in Japan. The general trends currently in action in the sport industry estimate that these numbers are growing rapidly and the relative importance of the sport industry among all industries is becoming one of the most important new emerging markets in the world.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.161-172
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• 2001

Textile education in advanced textile countries focused to provide the best possible opportunities for the graduates. The purpose of this study is to analyze tendency of education in advanced textile countries as German, UK and Italy and apply it to the education of our country. The method is 'content analysis' of articles and literatures. The results of tendency on textile education is as follows. 1. Education to encourage the self-confidence on the textile related jobs 2. To introduce and develop new textile curriculum and contents of subjects. 3. Important curriculum ① IT(information technology) skill ② Business Merchandising ③ Extensive use of CAD/CAM ④ English education 4. To emphasize the multi-disciplinary working and special skill 5. Equipment of new and up-to-date machines to enhance for technical and production skills 6. Close touch with textile industry through the block-release based technical education. 7. Utilize the certificates 8. Further professional education to designers, managers on a part-time day. 9. Making an effort to secure excellent students No tuition-fees and state maintenance grants are available for excellent students from low income backgrounds.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.153-166
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• 2003

The objective of this study is to explore the situations and extension roles for rural elderly welfare program in North Dakota, USA. With a growing older population, aging has become an important issue for extension. Services for rural elderly available in North Dakota were adult day care, home health care, senior insurance counseling, nutrition and medication assistance programs, support groups, legal assistance, meals on wheels, nursing homes and more. With a growing older population, aging has become an important issue for extension. Extension provides programs and services for rural elderly. This study was conducted by literature review. First, many rural elderly Americans are actively engaged in volunteer work and have made substantial contributions to their communities. Second, extension educators from interdisciplinary areas should work together to develop programs. Extension programs can include intergenerational programs to help younger generations learn about the issue. Third, extension can collaborate with other agencies and groups to offer support groups. Offering educational programs is a key to empowering older people. Fourth, elderly residents may be the only increasing natural resource for volunteering in general, and for participation in community improvement in particular. Fifth, extension educators should be proactive in working with agencies to provide social access and in helping older people be actively engaged in their lives, especially in rural areas.