• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

Taenia solium, T. saginata, and T. asiatica are taeniid tapeworms that cause taeniasis in humans and cysticercosis in intermediate host animals. Taeniases remain an important public health concerns in the world. Molecular diagnostic methods using PCR assays have been developed for rapid and accurate detection of human infecting taeniid tapeworms, including the use of sequence-specific DNA probes, PCR-RFLP, and multiplex PCR. More recently, DNA diagnosis using PCR based on histopathological specimens such as 10% formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and stained sections mounted on slides has been applied to cestode infections. The mitochondrial gene sequence is believed to be a very useful molecular marker for not only studying evolutionary relationships among distantly related taxa, but also for investigating the phylo-biogeography of closely related species. The complete sequence of the human Taenia tapeworms mitochondrial genomes were determined, and its organization and structure were compared to other human-tropic Taenia tapeworms for which complete mitochondrial sequence data were available. The multiplex PCR assay with the Ta4978F, Ts5058F, Tso7421F, and Rev7915 primers will be useful for differential diagnosis, molecular characterization, and epidemiological surveys of human Taenia tapeworms.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.156-156
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• 2019

In this study, a gated recurrent unit (GRU) network is constructed based on a deep neural network (DNN) with the aim of restoring the missing daily flow data in river basins. Lai Chau hydrological station is located upstream of the Da river basin (Vietnam) is selected as the target station for this study. Input data of the model are data on observed daily flow for 24 years from 1961 to 1984 (before Hoa Binh dam was built) at 5 hydrological stations, in which 4 gauge stations in the basin downstream and restoring - target station (Lai Chau). The total available data is divided into sections for different purposes. The data set of 23 years (1961-1983) was employed for training and validation purposes, with corresponding rates of 80% for training and 20% for validation respectively. Another data set of one year (1984) was used for the testing purpose to objectively verify the performance and accuracy of the model. Though only a modest amount of input data is required and furthermore the Lai Chau hydrological station is located upstream of the Da River, the calculated results based on the suggested model are in satisfactory agreement with observed data, the Nash - Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) is higher than 95%. The finding of this study illustrated the outstanding performance of the GRU network model in recovering the missing flow data at Lai Chau station. As a result, DNN models, as well as GRU network models, have great potential for application within the field of hydrology and hydraulics.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.167-194
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• 2004

In this paper axial loading tests on low strength concrete members, which were confined with various thickness of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite sheets are described. Totally 46 specimens with circular, square and rectangular cross-sections with unconfined concrete compressive strengths between 6 and 10 MPa were included in the test program. During the tests, a photogrammetrical deformation measurement technique was also used, as well as conventional measurement techniques. The contribution of external confinement with CFRP composite sheets to the compressive behavior of the specimens with low strength concrete is evaluated quantitatively, in terms of strength, longitudinal and lateral deformability and energy dissipation. The effects of width/depth ratios and the corner radius of the specimens with rectangular cross-section on the axial behavior were also examined. It was seen that the effectiveness of the external confinement with CFRP composite sheets is much more pronounced, when the unconfined concrete compressive strength is relatively lower. It was also found that the available analytical expressions proposed for normal or high strength concrete confined by CFRP sheets could not predict the strength and deformability of CFRP confined low strength concrete accurately. New expressions are proposed for the compressive strength and the ultimate axial strain of CFRP confined low strength concrete.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.275-298
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• 2013

This paper presents a number of approximated analytical formulations for the flutter analysis of long-span bridges using the so-called uncoupled flutter derivatives. The formulae have been developed from the simplified framework of a bimodal coupled flutter problem. As a result, the proposed method represents an extension of Selberg's empirical formula to generic bridge sections, which may be prone to one of the aeroelastic instability such as coupled-mode or single-mode (either dominated by torsion or heaving mode) flutter. Two approximated expressions for the flutter derivatives are required so that only the experimental flutter derivatives of ($H_1^*$, $A_2^*$) are measured to calculate the onset flutter. Based on asymptotic expansions of the flutter derivatives, a further simplified formula was derived to predict the critical wind speed of the cross section, which is prone to the coupled-mode flutter at large reduced wind speeds. The numerical results produced by the proposed formulas have been compared with results obtained by complex eigenvalue analysis and available approximated methods show that they seem to give satisfactory results for a wide range of study cases. Thus, these formulas can be used in the assessment of bridge flutter performance at the preliminary design stage.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to confirm that the cross-country ski sprint course in PyeongChang, where the 2018 Winter Olympics course was to utilize wearable devices equipped with inertial measurement unit (IMU), global positioning system (GPS) and heart rates sensor. Method: For the data collection, two national level cross-country (XC) skiers performed classic technique on the entire sprint course. We analyzed cycle characteristics, range of motion on double poling (DP) technique, average velocity, and displacement of 3 points according to the terrain. Results: The absolute cycle time gradually decreased during starting, middle and finish sections. While the length of the DP increased and the heart rates tended to increase for men skier. In addition, the results indicated that range of motion of knee joint during starting and finish section decreased more than middle section. The errors of latitude and longitude data collected through GPS were within 3 m from 3 points. Conclusion: Through the first case study in Korea, which analyzed the location and condition of XC skiers in the entire sprint course in real time, confirmed that feedback was available in the field using various wearable sensors.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.766-774
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• 2022

In this study, the fit of commercial sports bras was analyzed according to various design variations, focusing on the shape of the shoulder strap, which is known to cause great discomfort in wearing sports bras. Experimental clothes were set to four commercially available sports bras with different shoulder strap shapes. The results showed that, in "size suitability," the overall satisfaction with experimental clothing B, of which the shoulder strap can be adjusted, was the highest, especially for "underbust circ. fit," "bust circ. Fit," and "shoulder strap length." In the "Shape suitability" and "Wearability" sections, experimental clothing B also showed the highest satisfaction and the shoulder strap adjustment device did not negatively affect wearing satisfaction. In the question on "side wings rolled up," experimental clothing A also received a relatively good score, which is due to its long front length. In the "Compression of the front center" section, the responses for experimental clothing A and B were "appropriate" and for C and D, they were "pressurized." In "motion suitability" as well, satisfaction with experimental clothing B was the highest, followed by experimental clothes A, C, and D. In the "body shape correction" section, clothing B elicited the highest satisfaction, followed by experimental clothes A, C, and D, in that order. Overall, it is recommended that shoulder straps be applied with adjustable straps for the comfort of the shoulder area while wearing sports bras.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2000.11c
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• pp.722-728
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• 2000

This study of field control machine in the recycled vinyl rail is gantry crane type and promoting agricultural automatization through self-controlled spraying, harvesting and conveyance. In addition to, that control machine could get a cost and labor reduction effect through automatization and make better environment by preventing farmers from agrichemical damage, accidents and recycling wasted vinyl. That machine is able to be divided as traveling, spraying, harvesting and conveyance sections. In driving section consists of girder frame, carrier, rail, control system, driving system, working machine, rail and loading device for working machine. This machine has following advantages to be able to bring a big innovation in the agricultural industry. I) Accurate performance is able to be done by proper positioning due to based on the rails. 2) The soil is not made hard like heavy tractor 3) The wheel is not sank into the soil and slipped well under rain like heavy tractor. Therefore, weather and soil situation could not affect working condition. 4) Complete unmanned control and 24hours-working are available due to traveling on the rails. 5) It could use various energy resources like not only liquid fuel but also solar, common electronic power due to traveling on the rails.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.483-496
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• 2022

Little knowledge is available about the effects of fluoride exposure on the tongue. This study evaluated the effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the tongue ultrastructure and detected the ameliorative effects of resveratrol. Forty adult albino rats were separated into 4 groups: the control group was given a balanced diet and purified water. The NaF treated group: received 10 mg/kg/d dissolved in 2.5 ml distilled water once daily for 30 days orally. The NaF+resveratrol group: received NaF 10 mg/kg/d orally together with resveratrol in a dose of 30 mg/kg daily for 30 days. The resveratrol group was subjected to resveratrol in a dose of 30 mg/kg/d by oral gavage for 30 days. Sections were stained with hematoxylin & eosin, and Masson's trichrome. Tumor necrosis factor α immunohistochemical study and electron microscopic examinations were done. The oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde, antioxidant reduced glutathione, and the total antioxidant capacity were measured. The NaF group revealed ulceration, necrotic muscle fibers, distorted papillae and a significant increase in malondialdehyde level, and a significant decrease in glutathione and the total antioxidant levels. In the NaF+resveratrol group, pathological changes were less, and the oxidant levels were decreased by the administration of resveratrol with NaF. In conclusion, NaF adversely affects the ultrastructure of the adult rat tongue and resveratrol can ameliorate this effect.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.10
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• pp.4307-4326
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• 2024

This study investigates Equivalent Spherical Diameter (ESD) estimation at high inlet velocity pool scrubbing conditions using the Interfacial Area Transport Equation (IATE) diameter model including bubble-induced turbulence and interphase modeling. The compatibility of area-averaged Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD), areaaveraged Local Equivalent Diameter (LED) and void-weighted area-averaged LED approaches to estimate the ESD are explored and the proposed model is validated against available experimental data. The study reveals that the prevalent constant ESD assumption in pool scrubbing codes is not universal by showcasing a decreasing trend along the column due to intensive bubble breakup. The area-averaged LED approach fails to capture this trend, while the area-averaged SMD and void-weighted area-averaged LED approaches provide accurate estimations aligned with experimental data. Turbulence parameters, interfacial forces, and diameter modeling are identified as crucial for accurate predictions of flow and geometrical variables by setting up the OpenFOAM framework. A sensitivity analysis indicates that the inlet velocity has an acceptable effect on the ESD along the column. The ESD increases near the exit and decreases in the swarm region by increasing the inlet velocities. Turbulent intensity reduces ESD across all column sections while changes in aspect ratio minimally impact ESD. The study shows promise in developing correlations that take into account the spatial variation of ESD in pool scrubbing conditions.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.87-100
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• 2009

The quality of early cost estimates is critical to the feasibility analysis and budget allocation decisions for public capital projects. Various researches have been attempted to develop cost prediction models in the early stage of a construction project. However, existing studies are limited on its applicability to actual projects because they focus primarily on a specific phase as well as utilize restricted information while the amount of information collectable differs from one another along with the project stages. This research aims to develop two-staged cost estimation model for the schematic planning and preliminary design process of a construction projects, considering the available information of each phase. In the schematic planning stage where outlined information of a project is only available, the Case-Based Reasoning model is used for easy and rapid elicitation of a project cost based on the extensive database of more than 90 actual highway construction projects. Then, the representing quantity-based model is proposed for the preliminary design stage where more information on the quantities and unit costs are collectable based on the alternative routes and cross-sections of a highway project. Real case studies are used to demonstrate and validate the benefits of the proposed approach. Through the two-stage cost estimation system, users are able to hold a timely prospect to presume the final cost within the budge such that feasibility study as well as budget allocation decisions are made on effectively and competitively.