• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.171-175
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• 1999

We examined the effects of various basal media and exogenous auxins on the growth and saikosaponin production in hairy root cultures of Bupleurum falcatum. Of the various media tested, 2RCM medium was superior for growth and saikosaponin content, in which saikosaponin a, c, and d was produced, however MS medium was resulted in extremely low level in saikosaponin production. By the treatment of 0.5 mg/L IBA the growth rate was increased by about 60% in 2RCM medium, whereas both IAA and IBA showed a potent inhibition effect in saikosaponin biosynthesis by the treatment of 0.01 mg/L~5mg/L.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.133-136
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• 1999

Different kinds of cytokinins and auxins were tested for both shoot induction and rooting in a rare species, Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai. BA in WPM medium was the most effective in shoot induction, whereas zeatin seemed to be the most suitable for shoot elongation. Kinetin, at the concentration of 2.0~5.0 mg/L showed an effect in shoot induction, but the effect was inferior to BA and zeatin. Rapid shoot elongation could be achieved when the cultures were maintained on the diffuse light condition (below 500 lux) regardless of cytokinin treatments. For in vitro rooting, IBA was investigated as the best type of auxin tested when half strength GD medium was incorporated. The frequency of rooting using the plant growth regulator and medium just mentioned above was revealed as approximately 90%. In addition, the survival rate of rooted plantlets was almost 100% in an artificial soil mixture.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.273-277
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• 2005

Adventitious shoots were directly induced from leaf explants of R. glutinosa, an important medicinal plant. Proliferating shoot cultures were obtained by culturing leaf discs on Murashige and Skoog(MS) medium alone or combination with auxins and cytokinins. MS medium supplemented with 1 $mg/{\ell}\;BA\;and\;2\;mg/{\ell}$ IAA was the most effective, providing high shoot bud formation frequency without formation of intervening callus. The effect of leaf age on adventitious shoot formation was also investigated. The maximum shoot bud production (93.4%) was achived using 3rd leaf from apex of 6 weeks old plantlets after seed germination. Plantlet were rooted on an half-strength MS (1/2MS) medium containing 0.1 $mg/{\ell}\;IBA$. This prtocol is useful for clonal propagation and Agrobacterium-mediated transforamtion in R. glutinosa.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2003

The effect of sodium sulphate on shoot induction and multiple shoot formation from nodal explants of Vitex negundo L. was tested on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium fortified with different auxins, cytokinins and sucrose. Highest percentage $(97.78\%)$ of explants for shoot induction and multiple shoot (20.68/explant) production were observed in the combination treatment of $N^6-Benzyl$ adenine (BA) $(17.80\;{\mu}M/L)$, ${\alpha}-Naphthalene$ acetic acid (NAA) $(2.15\;{\mu}M/L)$ and $5\%$ sucrose supplemented with 100 mg/L sodium sulphate. In vitro raised shoots were rooted on the half-strength MS medium fortified with different concentrations of NAA, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) alone and in combinations. Among the treatments, $4.90\;{\mu}M/L$ of IBA was found most effective $(95.56\%)$ in inducing roots. The rooted plantlets were shifted to glasshouse for acclimatization and later transferred to the field with cent percent survival. Furthermore, in vitro flowering was observed in the shoots cultured on MS medium supplemented with BA $(8.90\;{mu}M/L)$ and NAA $(1.61\;{\mu}M/L)$.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.293-297
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• 1994

In order to induce immature pollen derived plants, anthers of Ranunculus japonicus Thunb. were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with various combinations of auxins and cytokinins. The combinations of NAA and BA were more effective than those of 2,4-D and kinetin in the formation of calli and embryos. Up to 5t5% of the anthers cultured on medium containing 0.5 mg/L NAA and 1.0 mg/L BA gave rise to plantlets. The most suitable stage for anther culture in the induction of calli and/or embryos from immature pollens was at the uninucleate and early binucleate stage (3 days before anthesis). Immature pollens developed into embryos by repeated division of the vegetative nucleate after 60days of culture.

• Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 2004

The establishment of an efficient protocol for plant regeneration and micropropagation from leaf explant cultures of Chicory, Cichorium intybus L. var. sativus. is reported. Callus formation rate appeared 100% from explant in all growth regulators, but calli formed in the prensence of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were appeared very compact and non-embryogenic state. The regenerated shoots were obtained from leaf explant cultures on solid MS medium containing different concentrations of cytokinins and auxin. The highest number of shoots (5.7) per explant and shoot growth (2.8cm) was obtained on MS medium containing 0.1 mg BAP L$^{-1}$ and 0.1 mg NAA L$^{-1}$ . Indole acetic acid was the most suitable auxin for root formation among three auxins tested. 2,4-D had no effect on shoot and root formation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2019

Ginger is an important monocotyledonous plant belonging to the family Zingiberaceae. The objective of this study was to investigate the regeneration potential of ginger using leaf base explants. Auxins such as 2, 4-D and NAA in combination with BA were used for initiation of callus. Different combinations of both ammonium ($NH^{4+}$) and nitrate ($NO^{3-}$) were also studied for efficient callus production. High frequency of white friable calli was observed on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2, 4-D, 0.5 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L BA. The highest shoot induction (92.33%), shootlets number ($7.33{\pm}0.33$) and length ($88.33{\pm}4.40$) mm were achieved on MS media containing 0.5 mg/L BA. Regenerated shoots were transferred to in vitro rooting media containing 1.0 mg/L IBA. Afterwards, plantlets with well-developed root and shoot system were subjected to a twostep hardening process. 71% of plantlets survived after secondary hardening without any abnormal morphology.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.230-239
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• 2022

Holostemma annulare (Family Asclepiadaceae) is an invaluable vulnerable medicinal plant; the root tubers are used in Ayurveda medicine and by folk healers to treat various ailments. In this study, Schenk and Hildebrandt medium fortified with the cytokinins 6-benzyl adenine, kinetin, and auxins, including indole 3-butyric acid, indole 3-acetic acid, α-naphthaleneacetic acid, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, were checked for their efficiency on root tuber induction from different explants. Adventitious root tubers were more successfully induced from in vitro leaf segments and shoots when cultured in Schenk and Hildebrandt medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l of α-naphthaleneacetic acid. In addition, preliminary phytochemical analysis of in vitro root tubers and identification of different secondary metabolites were conducted. Thin layer chromatography and high performance thin layer chromatography analysis of the crude methanolic extracts of the in vitro root tuber identified the presence of lupeol, a bioactive triterpene. Adventitious root tuber induction offers a novel method for the in vitro production of bioactive metabolites that can be scaled up by bioreactors, thus ensuring the conservation and sustainable utilization of H. annulare. The study warrants further scale-up production and pharmacological investigation that can be extended for pharmaceutical needs.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2004

This study was investigated the physiological properties of auxin-producing bacteria that have plant growth promoting activity and plant pathogen antagonistic ability. Auxin-producing bacteria were isolated from field soils of Gyeongsan, Korea. Selected strains were identified as a Pseudumonas fulva N21 and a Pantoea agglomerans; K35 by morphological and physiological test, and Biolog (Microlog) system. Auxins were determined by Salkowski in vitro test and mungbean adventitious root induction bioassay. Also produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was identified by TLC. During cell growth, auxin production were highest in their idiophase after log phase and $35^{\circ}C$ at pH 7.5.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.139-148
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• 2010

Jatropha curcas L. (Physic nut) is a commercially important non-edible oil seed crop known for its use as an alternate source of biodiesel. In order to investigate the morphogenic potential of immature embryo, explants from four developmental stages were cultured on medium supplemented with combinations of auxins and cytokinins. It was found that the size of embryo is critical for the establishment of callus. Immature embryos (1.1-1.5 cm) obtained from the fruits 6 weeks after pollination showed a good response of morphogenic callus induction (85.7%) and subsequent plant regeneration (70%) with the maximum number of plantlets (4.7/explant) on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with IBA (0.5 $mg\;l^{-1}$) and BA (1.0 $mg\;l^{-1}$). The above medium when supplemented with growth adjuvants such as 100 $mg\;l^{-1}$ casein hydrolysate + 200 $mg\;l^{-1}$ L-glutamine + 8.0 $mg\;l^{-1}$ $CuSO_4$ resulted in an even higher frequency of callus induction (100%). Plant regeneration (90%) with the maximum number of plantlets (10/explant) was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 500 $mg\;l^{-1}$ polyvinyl pyrrolidone + 30 $mg\;l^{-1}$ citric acid + 1 $mg\;l^{-1}$ BA + 0.5 $mg\;l^{-1}$ Kn + 0.25 $mg\;l^{-1}$ IBA. It was observed that plantlet regeneration could occur either through organogenesis of morphogenic callus or via multiplication of pre-existing meristem in immature embryos. The age of immature embryos and addition of a combination of growth adjuvants to the culture medium appear to be critical for obtaining high regeneration rates. Well-developed shoots rooted on half-halfstrength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 $mg\;l^{-1}$ IBA and 342 $mg\;l^{-1}$ trehalose. The rooted plants after acclimatization were successfully transferred to the field in different agro-climatic zones in India. This protocol has been successfully evaluated on five elite lines of J. curcas.