• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2014

Radar is an object-detection system that uses radio waves to determine the range, altitude, direction, or speed of objects. High power amplifier Module is the most critical part of the high-power radar transmitter systems. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain. Research related to radar has been conducted in various fields according to improvement of the communication technology. But only performance-originated technology development has been dashed; study concerning environment duality and safety concerning reliability are still insufficient. In general, radar module is exposed to the outside, on the means of moving or fixed in a certain place. It should be guaranteed sufficient immunity for a variety of environmental stresses that can occur in the outdoor. HALT is a great process used for quickly finding failure mechanisms in a hardware design and product. By applying various kinds and extreme level of stresses, we can find the operating limits of products. In thesis, we conducted HALT test of the high power amplifier modules which used in military and automotive radar. After the test, we analyzed environmental weaknesses of high power amplifier modules using conventional construction data.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.77-84
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• 2004

We design and implement the DSP module for automotive radar using FMCW. The designed parameters are based on 77GHz FMCW radar, and show the resolution of 0.4m and 0.67km/h in distance and velocity, respectively. For detecting multiple targets, we discuss the relationship between fb's and targets. In addition, we show that the detection of multiple targets is very simple when the range of $f_r$ is sufficiently larger than that of $f_b$. In the front of ADC, the 2nd order differentiator is applied for reducing the effects of path-loss so that the ADC bits are reduced to 8 bits. The designed block is simulated in Matlab and implemented with DSP and micro-processor.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.487-490
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• 2014

This paper describes a design of an automotive radar frontend module with taking care of the routing of 77-GHz signals on a printed circuit board including wire-bond and waveguide transitions.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.262-269
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• 2019

This paper introduces a low-cost, high-performance mmWave antenna array module at 77 GHz. Conventional waveguide transitions have been replaced by 3D CPW-microstrip transitions which are much simpler to realize. They are compatible with low-cost substrate fabrication processes, allowing easy integration of ICs in 3D multi-chip modules. An antenna array is designed and implemented using multilayer coupled-fed patch antenna technology. The proposed $16{\times}16$ array antenna has a fractional bandwidth of 8.4% (6.5 GHz) and a 23.6-dBi realized gain at 77 GHz.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.609-610
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• 2006

A 77GHz MMIC transceiver module consisting of a power amplifier, a low noise amplifier, a drive amplifier, a frequency doubler and a down-mixer has been developed for automotive forward-looking radar sensor. The MMIC chip set was fabricated using $0.15{\mu}m$ gate-length InGaAs/InAlAs/GaAs mHEMT process based on 4-inch substrate. The power amplifier demonstrated a measured small signal gain of over 20dB from $76{\sim}77GHz$ with 15.5dBm output power. The chip size is $2mm{\times}2mm$. The low noise amplifier achieved a gain of 20dB in a band between $76{\sim}77\;GHz$ with an output power of 10dBm. The chip size is $2.2mm{\times}2mm$. The driver amplifier exhibited a gain of 23dB over a $76{\sim}77\;GHz$ band with an output power of 13dBm. The chip size is $2.1mm{\times}2mm$. The frequency doubler achieved an output power of -16dBm at 76.5GHz with a conversion gain of -16dB for an input power of 10dBm and a 38.25GHz input frequency. The chip size is $1.2mm{\times}1.2mm$. The down-mixer demonstrated a measured conversion gain of over -9dB. The chip size is $1.3mm{\times}1.9mm$. The transceiver module achieved an output power of 10dBm in a band between $76{\sim}77GHz$ with a receiver P1dB of -28dBm. The module size is $8{\times}9.5{\times}2.4mm^3$. This MMIC transceiver module is suitable for the 77GHz automotive radar systems and related applications in W-band.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.258-264
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• 2015

The first 77 GHz transceiver that applies a heterodyne structure-based linear frequency modulation-frequency shift keying (LFM-FSK) front-end module (FEM) is presented. An LFM-FSK waveform generator is proposed for the transceiver design to avoid ghost target detection in a multi-target environment. This FEM consists of three parts: a frequency synthesizer, a 77 GHz up/down converter, and a baseband block. The purpose of the FEM is to make an appropriate beat frequency, which will be the key to solving problems in the digital signal processor (DSP). This paper mainly focuses on the most challenging tasks, including generating and conveying the correct transmission waveform in the 77 GHz frequency band to the DSP. A synthesizer test confirmed that the developed module for the signal generator of the LFM-FSK can produce an adequate transmission signal. Additionally, a loop back test confirmed that the output frequency of this module works well. This development will contribute to future progress in integrating a radar module for multi-target detection. By using the LFM-FSK waveform method, this radar transceiver is expected to provide multi-target detection, in contrast to the existing method.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.281-286
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• 2011

FMCW Radar sensor is commonly used for an automobile collision avoidance system for rider's safe. Systems using FMCW radar, however, would be one of expensive solutions for just simple rear obstacle detection purpose due to its high cost. In this letter, a short range rear obstacle detector using novel 24GHz AM radar sensor is presented. It can be implemented at significantly lower cost than FMCW radar for practical commercialization. The proposed AM radar sensor module is fabricated in a single aluminum housing to reduce the overall size while using single power supply voltage of 12V with 1200mA current for automotive applications. The measured detection range is up to 210cm with 10cm of distance resolution, which is suitable for a parking assistance system for automobiles.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 2010

The FMCW(Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave) radar possesses range-velocity ambiguity to identify the correct combination of beat frequencies for each target in the multi-target situation. It can lead to ghost targets and missing targets, and it can reduce the detection probability. In this pap er, we propose an effective identification algorithm for the correct pairs of beat frequencies and the signal processing hardware architecture to effectively support the algorithm. First, using the correlation of the detected up- and down-beat frequencies and Doppler frequencies, the possible combinations are determined. Then, final pairing algorithm is completed with the power spectrum density of the correlated up- and down-beat frequencies. The proposed hardware processor has the basic architecture consisting of beat-frequency registers, pairing table memory, and decision unit. This method will be useful to improve the radar detection probability and reduce the false alarm rate.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.865-871
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• 2016

This work presents a radar signal interferer to be used for evaluating the mutual interference among automotive radars. The developed interfering signal generator is composed of a reference signal generator and a 77 GHz transmitter. Reference signal generator is made up of commercial chips and board, it can generate various modulated signal such as triangular wave, sawtooth wave and random frequency hopping. The transmitter generates 77 GHz band signal by multiplying modulated reference signal frequency 28 times. Transmitter was fabricated using 65 nm CMOS process, it can operate horn antenna by built in on-chip waveguide feeder. The transmitter exhibited 7.31~8.06 dBm output power over a frequency lock range of 75.6~77 GHz.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.42-52
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• 2012

In this paper, a waveguide antenna is designed and fabricated for side and rear radar sensor of vehicles in UWB (Ultra Wide Band) high band (center frequency : 9.5 GHz, -10 dB bandwidth : 600 MHz (6.4 %)). For the radar antenna, a probe fed rectangular waveguide antenna having simple structure and wide bandwidth is used. An important performance factor in this antenna is the isolation between transmitting (TX) and receiving (RX) waveguide antennas because this radar system uses TX and RX antennas separately. Thus the isolation between two antennas was simulated for E-plane and H-plane array. As a result, it was verified that the isolation of the H-plane array of the antennas is better than E-plane array, due to the TE10 mode. Therefore, H-plane arrayed waveguide antennas were mounted on a T-shaped radar module and performance of antennas was investigated. The -10 dB bandwidth of the TX and RX antenna mounted on T-shaped radar module was measured as 1000 MHz (10.52 %) and 1090 MHz (11.47 %) respectively and the isolation is less than -50 dB in the operation band. The peak gain is 7.65 dBi for the TX antenna and 7.26 dBi for the RX antenna and the beamwidth of H-plane of TX and RX antenna was measured as $64^{\circ}$ and $65^{\circ}$ respectively. Consequently, we verified that the proposed waveguide antenna is appropriate for a vehicle radar applications.