• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 1998

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the postoperative success and stability of arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstructions using the central one third bone patellar tendon bone(BPB) autograft versus a quadrupled semitendinosus/gracilis(ST) autograft in patients with "isolated" ACL tears. Materials & Methods : A strict criteria to identify isolated ACL tears was used which included : no previous surgery, no other ligamentous injury, no history of patellofemoral symptoms, no patellofemoral malalignment, no meniscal pathology, no chondromalacia or chondral injury and no limitation of motion of the injured knee. 30 patients (15 BPB, 15 ST) with a mean age of 27.4 years were available for a mean follow up of 18 months (between 12 months and 26 months). Preoperatively, there was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to age, sex and degree of laxity. Results : Postoperatively, we couldn't find significant differences between the two groups with respect to subjective Lysholm score, objective laxity including Lachman test, pivot shift test and KT-2000 measurements. Mean side to side difference of KT-2000 scores at 20lbs were 1.5mm for the BPB group and 1.4mm for the ST group. Positive Lachman test was found in 26.7% and 33.3% and positive pivot shift was found in 20% and 33.3% of the patients in the BPB and ST groups, respectively. Anterior knee pain (33.3%) was more common in the BPB group. There were 80% of the patients in both groups above nearly normal grade according to the IKDC grade. Conclusions : In patients with "isolated" ACL tears, the overall results, ligamentous stability for the patellar tendon and the quadrupled semitendinosus/gracilis were comparable. We consider that the quadrupled autogenous hamstring tendon is a good alternative substitute in ACL reconstruction together with the bone patellar tendon bone.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1998

This study was done to compare the results of the one-incision technique and the conventional two incision technique for the arthroscopic treatment of the posterior cruciate ligament injury. Fifty-five patients with the posterior cruciate ligament injury underwent the arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone(BTB) graft. Patients with combined ligament injuries requiring concomitant operative treatment were excluded in this study. The conventional two-incision technique was performed in ten patients(Group I) and the one-incision technique in forty-five patients(Group II). The average duration of follow-up was 45 months in Group I(range, 40 to 50 months) and 36 months in Group II(range, 24 to 68 months). Auto BTB grafts were utilized for all patients in Group I. In Group II, 34 BTB autografts and 11 BTB allografts were utilized. The functional results were evaluated according to the Lysholm Knee Scoring scale and the Hospital for Special Surgery(HSS) knee ligament rating form. The postoperative posterior laxity was measured with a KT 1000 or 2000 arthrometer. Lysholm postoperative mean values were 90.0 in Group I and 90.6 in Group II. HSS mean values were 87.7 in Group I and 92.6 in Group II. HSS postoperative mean value showed better results in Group II(p=0.037). The average side-to-side difference of the posterior translation measured by the KT 2000 arthrometer were 2.10 mm(range, 1 to 4 mm) in Group I and 2.38 mm(range, 0 to 5 mm) in Group II. But there was no statistically significant difference. In Group II, the results of the autograft and allograft showed no significant difference. The arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using one-incision technique showed good results comparable to the conventional two-incision technique. This technique minimizes potential injury to the extensor mechanism, especially vastus medialis obliquus, and scar formation over the medial femoral condyle. The operation can be finished within one tourniquet time by using only one-incision.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.95-121
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• 2008

Purpose: The goal is to identify the effectiveness of the IKDC subjective score in the clinical outcome study after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four patients after ACL reconstructions using twelve hamstring autografts and twelve Achilles allografts were evaluated. Lysholm knee score, IKDC subjective score, Knee Outcome Survey score and Tegner activity score were evaluated for the subjective outcome value. Static instability tests, Biodex dynamometer and one-legged hop for distance tests were done for the objective outcome value. Three functional performance tests (FPTs) including Carioca test, Shuttle run test and Co-contraction test were performed for deciding the final results. Each scale was compared with FPTs results and Pearson's correlation test was used to test the correlation between the parameters. Results: IKDC subjective score, single hop test, and quadriceps power in low velocity of Biodex dynamometer tests had a positive correlation with the total FPTs results. Conclusion: IKDC subjective score can be an effective test to evaluate the functional status as well as the subjective outcome after ACL reconstruction.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.120-128
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• 1991

Reconstruction of the pharynx and cervical esophagus presents a tremendous surgical challenge to the Head and Neck Surgeon. Because life expectancy of patients with advanced carcinoma of the hypopharynx, and cervical esophagus is limited, treatment must be aimed at palliation. A variety of techiques have been proposed over the years with none proving entirely satisfactory. These techiques include prosthesis; skin graft; cervical flaps; tubed cutaneous and myocutaneous chest flaps; visceral reconstruction with stomach, colon. and jejunum; and jejunal free autografts. Many factors dictate the best method of reconstruction in any given clinical situation. The goal of the surgery is a one-stage reconstruction of swallowing function with minimal morbidity to allow as short a hospital stay as posible. Nine patients underwent the free jejunal autograft reconstruction of the pharyngoesophagus after the ablative surgery for the advanced hypopharyngeal cancer. Postoperative complications included one perioperative death, two abdominal wound dehiscences, two neck hematomas, one carotid rupture, one funtional dysphagia, one late strictures. There were no graft failure, no immediate stenosis and no fistula. An oral diet was started between days 8 and 16, with an average of 9 days and median of 8 days. Patients left the hospital between days 9 and days 38, with an average of 23.4 days and median of 23 days. This method of reconstruction is advocated as reliable palliative procedure with short-term follow-up. In conclusion, we at Korea Cancer Center Hospital are of the opinion that the free jejunal autograft offers an excellent, safe and relative easy method of the pharyngeal and cervical esophageal reconstruction with significant advantages over other techiques.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.363-377
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• 1997

The main goal of periodontal therapy is the regeneration of periodontal tissue which has been lost due to destructive periodontal diseases. Although conventional forms of periodontal therapy show sound clinical results, the healing results in long junctional epithelium. There have been numerous materials and surgical techniques developed for new attachment and bone regeneration. Bone grafts can be catagorized into: autografts, allografts, xenografts and bone substitutes. Synthetic bone substitute materials include hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, and Plaster of Paris. Calcium sulfate has found its use in dental practice for the last 30 years. Recent animal studies suggest that periodontal regeneration in 3 wall intrabony defect may be enhanced by the presence of calcium sulfate. And it is well known that 2 wall & 1 wall defect have less osteogenic potential, So we need to study the effect of calcium sulfate in 1 wall intrabony defect in dogs. The present study evaluates the effects of calcium sulfate on the epithelial migration, alveolar bone regeneration and cementum formation in intrabony defects of dogs. Four millimeter-deep one-wall intrabony defects were surgically created in the mesial aspect of anterior teeth and mesial & distal aspects of premolars. The test group received calcium sulfate grafts with a flap procedure. The control underwent flap procedure only. Histologic analysis following 8 weeks of healing revealed the following results: 1. The lengths of junctional epithelium were: 2.52mm in the control, and 1.89mm in the test group. There was no statistical significance between the two groups. 2. Alveolar bone formation were: 0.61mm in the control, and 1.88mm in the test group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p<0.05). 3. Cementum formations were: l.lmm in the control, and 2.46mm in the test group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p<0.05). 4. The length of CT adhesion were: O.97mm in the control, and 0.17mm in the test group. There was no statistically significant differences between the two groups These results suggest that the use of calcium sulfate in intrabony defects has little effect on junctional epithelium migration, but has significant effects on new bone and new cementum formations.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 2005

A 6year-old intact male hound cross dog, weighing 23 kg, was presented to the Teaching Animal Hospital, Chonbuk National University with the history of gunshot wound at the left elbow joint. Survey radiographs of the affected elbow revealed the presence of a metallic bullet caudal to the olecranon processes and comminuted fracture of the proximal radius and ulna. The first treatment strategy included removal of the bullet and fixation of the radius and ulna using separate bone plates, bone screw, K-wire and surgical wire, was failed. The second treatment strategy included olecranon osteotomy and rigid immobilization of the elbow joint with a bone plate applied to the caudal aspect of the humerus and ulna along with autogenous bone grafts collected from the 13th rib. The optimal angle of the joint following arthrodesis of this case appeared to be 130°. This resulted in improving the case but after 60 weeks the plate was bent and there was exudation from the wound. The third treatment strategy was the same with the second except for that the bone autografts were collected from the proximal metaphyses of the ipsilateral humerus. This resulted in a successful arthrodesis 6 weeks after the surgery. Elbow arthrodesis with bone autograft resulted in acceptable function, but abnormal gait remained in the dog due to mechanical interference with the movement of the joint.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.36-48
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• 2008

To repair bone defects in the oral and maxillofacial field, bone grafts including autografts, allografts, and artificial bone are used in clinical dentistry despite several disadvantages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate new bone formation and healing in rat calvarial bone defects using hydroxyapatite (HA, $Ca_{10}[PO_4]_6[OH]_2,\;Bongros^{(R)}$, Bio@ Co., KOREA) and tricalcium phosphate (${\beta}-TCP,\;Ca_3[PO_4]_2$, Sigma-Aldrich Co., USA) mixed at various ratios. Additionally, this study evaluated the effects of type I collagen (Rat tail, BD Biosciences Co., Sweden) as a basement membrane organic matrix. A total of twenty, 8-week-old, male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-300g, were divided equally into a control group (n=2) and nine experimental groups (n=2, each). Bilateral, standardized transosseous circular calvarial defects, 5.0 mm in diameter, were created. In each experimental group, the defect was filled with HA and TCP at a ratio of 100:0, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 20:80, and 0:100 with or without type I collagen. Rats were sacrificed 4 and 8 weeks post-operation for radiographic (standardized plain film, Kodak Co., USA), histomorphologic (H&E [Hematoxylin and Eosin], MT [Masson Trichrome]), immunohistochemical staining (for BMP-2, -4, VEGF, and vWF), and elementary analysis (Atomic absorption spectrophotometer, Perkin Elmer AAnalyst $100^{(R)}$). As the HA proportion increased, denser radiopacity was seen in most groups at 4 and 8 weeks. In general radiopacity in type I collagen groups was greater than the non-collagen groups, especially in the 100% HA group at 8 weeks. No new bone formation was seen in calvarial defects in any group at 4 weeks. Bridging bone formation from the defect margin was marked at 8 weeks in most type I collagen groups. Although immunohistochemical findings with BMP-2, -4, and VEGF were not significantly different, marked vWF immunoreactivity was present. vWF staining was especially strong in endothelial cells in newly formed bone margins in the 100:0, 80:20, and 70:30 ratio type I collagen groups at 8 weeks. The calcium compositions from the elementary analysis were not statistically significant. Many types of artificial bone have been used as bone graft materials, but most of them can only be applied as an inorganic material. This study confirmed improved bony regeneration by adding organic type I collagen to inorganic HA and TCP mixtures. Therefore, these new artificial bone graft materials, which are under strict storage and distribution systems, will be suggested to be available to clinical dentistry demands.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.145-160
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• 1998

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is the regeneration of periodontal tissue which has been lost due to destructive periodontal disease, and numerous kinds of materials and techniques have been developed to achieve this goal. Bone grafts include autografts, allografts, xenografts and synthetic grafts. Among the synthetic grafts, bioactive glass has been used in dentistry for more than ten years and Fetner reported improved new bone formation and more amount of new attachment after grafting PerioGlas, a kind of bioactive glass, in 2-wall defects of monkeys in 1994. It Is well known that 1-wall defects have less osteogenic potential and more epithelial migration, so we need to study the erect of bioactive glass in 1-wall dejects in dogs. The present study evaluates the effect of bioactive glass on the epithelial migration, alveolar bone regeneration, cementum formation and gingival connective tissue attachment in intrabony detects of dogs. Four millimeter deep and four millimeter wide 1-wall defects were surgically cheated in the mesial aspects of premolars. The test group received bioactive glass with a flap procedure and the control underwent flap procedure only. Histologic analysis after 8 weeks of healing revealed the following results: 1. The height of gingival margin was 1.30{\pm}0.73mm$ above CEJ in the control and $1.40{\pm}0.78mm$ in the test group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two group. 2. The length of epithelial growth (the distance from CEJ to the apical end of JE) was $1.74{\pm}0.47mm$ in the control and $1.12{\pm}0.36mm$ in the test group. These was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01). 3. The length of new cementum was $2.06{\pm}0.73mm$ in the control and $2.62{\pm}0.37mm$ in the test group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. 4. The length of new bone was $1.83{\pm}0.74mm$ in the control and $2.39{\pm}0.59mm$ in the test group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. These results suggest that the use of bioactive glass 1-wall intrabony defects has significant effect on the prevention of junctional epithelium migration, but doesn't have any significant effect on new bone and new cementum formation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.299-302
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• 2002

Selectins are differentially expressed carbohydrate binding proteins involved in the initiation of tissue inflammation by mediating the rolling and tethering of leukocytes on the vascular endothelium. This primary event in initiation of inflammation, as occurs during reperfusion injury, can be therapeutically targeted using selectin inhibitors, which generally block binding of sLex to E-, P-, and L-selectins. The objective of this study was to determine the role of selectins in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury after kidney transplantation. Canine kidneys were subjected to 60-min warm ischemia, flushed with UW solution, cold stored for 24 h, and autotransplanted into the nephrectomized donor. Renal autografts were monitored for 7 days by serum creatinine in the first study and by histology and myeloperoxidase activity after 4-hour reperfusion in the second study. In each study, one group of animals received TBC1269 (selectin inhibitor) and the other received saline vehicle. Serum creatinine rose quickly after transplantation and was not different between the groups. TBC1269 abolished a reperfusion-induced 2-fold increase in renal cortex neutrophil infiltration and improved histologic signs of ischemia after 4 hours of reperfusion. Selectin blockade does not improve the course of injury caused by warm renal ischemia. A minor benefit associated with the inhibition of early inflammation during reperfusion after kidney transplantation seems to occur.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 2000

Purpose : To compare the changes of the patellar height, patellofemoral alignment and subjective symptom and to compare the effects of patellar tendon harvest after anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction using autograft and allograft. Materials and Method : ACL reconstruction was performed on 87 patients who were followed up for minimum 1 year. The group I was 52 patients who were operated with bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft and the group II was 35 patients who were operated with bone-patellar tendon-bone allograft and achilles tendon allograft. At the time of follow-up, the authors evaluated the patellar height by Blackburne-Peel method, Merchant congruence angle, Lateral patellofemoral angle and subjective symptoms were assessed. Results : The patellar heights were significantly decreased from 0.86 preoperatively to 0.80 postoperatively in the group I and from 0.87 preoperatively to 0.83 postoperatively in the group II. There were no significant differences in the lateral patellofemoral angles between the both groups but in the Merchant congruence angle, significant differences were observed in the both groups, from$-1.43^{\circ}$ preoperatively to-$5.43^{\circ}$ postoperalively in the group I and from$-1.53^{\circ}$ preoperatively to$-3.65^{\circ}$ postoperatively in the group II. Conclusion : After ACL reconstruction, the patellofemoral alignment was changed and this kind of changes may be caused by multiple factorials such as harvest of autografts, ACL reconstruction itself, and quadriceps muscle atrophy.