• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.27-32
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• 2016

PURPOSE: This study compared the immediate effect of a passive mobilization of upper cervical spine (Kaltenborn's joint mobilization) and an active upper cervical stretching (Olaf's Auto-stretching) on patients with neck pain and ROM. METHODS: Twenty-three subjects were randomized selected in the passive group (Kaltenborn's joint mobilization) included twelve subjects and the active group (Olaf's Auto-stretching) included eleven subjects. VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) was measured before and after neck rotation performance. DUALER IQ PRO (JTECH Medical, U.S.A.) was used to measure the neck ROM. Mean value of double measurement was used before performance and after performance. SPSS version 18 was used to compare values independent t-test and paired t-test were used to compare pain and ROM. RESULTS: There are significant difference in the pain and the ROM in both of two group (p<.05). But there are no significant difference pain and ROM between two groups. CONCLUSION: Both of the passive mobilization of upper cervical spine and the active upper cervical stretching are effected on symptom improvement of patients with neck pain reduction and ROM increasing. Especially active upper cervical stretching is more economical, because it has similar effects with the passive mobilization, help to maintain the treatment effect of therapist by themselves and can help to save medical expenses of patients.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.533-541
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• 1998

Recently, optical disk drives are increasingly demanded to have higher speed as well as high information density, especially for applications like CD ROM drives. To this end, improvement of their optical pickup structure and control is recognized the very challenging issue. In this paper, the pickup is first analytically modelled in a plane to describe its coupled auto-focusing and auto-tracking motions. Subsequently, the model is linearized and combined with actuator dynamics for the auto-focusing system. With its unmeasurable parameters being estimated based on experimental data, an approximate I-DOF linear model is obtained neglecting the coupling term. To design the high speed and robust positional servo controller realistic design specifications are addressed, and H control method is employed based on the approximate model. Finally, taking the pickup in a commerical high speed CD ROM drive as an example performance of the designed controller is verified through realtime experiments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.438-444
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• 1997

Recently, optical disk drives are increasingly demanded to have higher speed as well as high information density, especially for applications like CD-ROM drives. To this end, improvement of their optical pick-up structure and control is recognized the very challenging issue. In this paper, the 2-D motion of the pick-up is first analytically modelled to identify the cause and effect of the troublesome cross coupling between auto-focusing and tracking directions. Subsequently, the overall system equations are derived to include the dynamics of the related components in the auto-focusing servo system. While its unmeasurable parameters being estimated by the least square error method, a simple but decent linear model can be obtained within its operating frequency range. To design the high speed and robust positional servo controller, the design specifications are detailed and H$\sub$.inf./ control method is employed based on the simple model. Using the pickup in a commercial 8 fold speed CD-ROM drive as an example, performance of the designed controller is verified by realtime experiments.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1043-1054
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• 2004

An unsteady flow model for channel network including various internal boundaries if developed. It is a multiply-connected network model based on the Preissmann's four-point scheme and the Newton-Raphson method, where looped double-sweep algorithm is used. The model is capable of simulating flow through hydraulic structures such as dams and submerged weirs. It can also simulate automatic reservoir operation method (Auto ROM) for flood control, that is to maintain a target water level, by incorporating the strategy to the unsteady flow model as internal boundary condition. The model is applied to the Han River system that includes the downstream reaches of Choongju dam and Hwacheon dam as well as the downstream reach of the Paldang dam. Roughness coefficient for the downstream reach of Choongju dam is estimated. Automatic ROM is presumed for the Paldang, Chungpyung, Euiam, and Choonchun dams. The model is tested using historical flood records, and the flood control strategy is successfully simulated.

• Water for future
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 1983

One of the techniques to determine flood stages in natural channel is to find the solution of unsteady flow equations such as continuity and momentum equations. Since the exact analytic solution of these equations are not Known, the implicit numerical scheme is widely accepted tool for the approximate solution of equations. This technique is applied to the downstream of Daechung Dam in Geum River for the determination of flood stage for given frequency. However the flood stages are greatly affected by the method of reservoir Operation Method and Technical Operation Reservoir Method. Obviously, the Tech. ROM is found to be superior to Auto ROM.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.1497-1502
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• 2009

AE(Auto exposure) is a function to maintain the exposure value of a captured image constant, and is one of the crucial functionalities of a CIS-based mobile camera. Generally AE is implemented in software, requiring a CPU and a ROM to store the corresponding software. This approach increases the hardware size at the cost of increased flexibility. In this paper, we propose an AE algorithm featuring variable frame-rate and adaptive analog gain control, as well as a FSM-based hardware architecture for a CIS-based mobile camera.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2020

Purpose: This paper presents the long term follow-up results of arthroscopic partial repair for massive irreparable rotator cuff tears using a biceps long head auto graft. Materials and Methods: Forty-one patients with massive irreparable rotator cuff tear, who underwent arthroscopic repair, were reviewed retrospectively. Patients who underwent arthroscopic partial repair using a biceps long head auto graft were assigned to group 1, and patients in group 2 underwent arthroscopic partial repair alone. Patients with a less than 50% partial tear of the long head biceps tendon were included in this study. The clinical scores were measured using a visual analogue pain scale (VAS) for pain, range of motion (ROM), The University of California, Los Angeles shoulder score (UCLA), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Score (ASES), and Korean Shoulder Scoring System (KSS) scores preoperatively and at the final follow-up. The acromiohumeral interval (AHI) was measured using plain radiographs taken preoperatively and at the final follow-up, and re-tear was evaluated using postoperative ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging at the last follow-up. Results: The mean age of the patients was 62.1±12.7 years, and the mean follow-up period was 90.3±16.8 months. No significant differences in the VAS and ROM (forward flexion, external rotation, internal rotation) were found between the two groups (p=0.179, p=0.129, p=0.098, p=0.155, respectively). The UCLA (p=0.041), ASES (p=0.023), and KSS (p=0.019) scores showed functional improvements in group 1 compared to group 2. At the last follow-up, the measured AHI values were 9.46±0.41 mm and 6.86±0.64 mm in group 1 and 2, respectively (p=0.032). Re-tear was observed in six out of 21 cases (28.6%) in group 1 and nine out of 20 cases (45.0%) in group 2; the retear rate was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 (p=0.011). Conclusion: Arthroscopic partial repair for a massive irreparable rotator cuff tear using a biceps long head auto graft has significant clinical usefulness in functional recovery and decreases the re-tear rates after surgery than arthroscopic partial repair alone, showing favorable results after a long-term follow-up.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.521-528
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• 1996

Recently, higher speed optical disk drives including computer CD-ROM drives tend to be increasingly demanded to read or write the enormous volume of digital data. To this end, both structure and controller designs of the optical pick-ups should be improved concurrently. In this paper, the pick-up during auto-focusing motion is mathematically modelled retaining all its peculiar features. The model turns out a linear time invariant system suitable for a control design namedH${\infty}$ which ensures robust stability in the presence of system uncertainties. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the robustness with appropriate performance specifications being satisfied. In addition, as the implementation issue of it, procedures of temporal discretization as well as model reduction of the controller are also addressed.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.303-306
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• 2009

자동노출(auto exposure)는 피사체나 광원의 밝기에 변화에 대응하여 카메라로부터 취득된 영상의 노출치를 일정하게 유지시켜주는 기능을 나타내며, 모바일 카메라의 핵심 구성 요소 중의 하나이다. 일반적으로 자동노출 알고리즘은 소프트웨어로 구현되기 때문에, 모바일 카메라 시스템에는 CPU와 소프트웨어를 저장하기 위한 ROM을 내장하는 형태를 가지는데, 이는 유연성을 확보하는 대신 CPU와 메모리라는 비용증가로 이어지게 된다. 본 논문에서는 모바일 카메라를 위하여 임의의 프레임 레이트 가변기능과 아날로그 게인 조정이 가능한 자동 노출 알고리즘을 제안하고, 이에 대한 하드웨어 구조를 제안한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.221-221
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• 2023

기후변화에 관한 정부 간 협의체 6차 보고서에 따르면 강우 변동성이 증가함에 따라 홍수 피해가 빈번해질 것으로 예상된다. 집중호우, 태풍, 장마 등 물 관련 재해의 발생빈도와 규모가 댐의 홍수조절능력을 초과하는 경우 홍수량을 예측하고 댐 모의 운영을 통해 댐 방류량을 결정하기 어렵다. 그러므로 댐의 안정성 확보를 위해 기존의 댐 운영방식을 검토하고 개선하여 홍수조절용량을 확보하는 과정이 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 기존의 저수지 운영방식을 분석하고 극한의 홍수에 대비하여 저수지 운영 방식을 개선하는데 있다. 연구 대상 댐으로는 합천댐과 섬진강댐을 선정하였다. 합천댐과 섬진강댐은 홍수조절을 위해 Rigid ROM(일정률-일정량 방식)을 사용하고 있으며 200년 빈도 홍수량에 맞춰 설계되었다. 그러나 합천댐은 계획방류량(6,200 m³/sec)이 댐 하류지역의 설계홍수량(2,885 m³/sec)보다 2배 이상 크기 때문에 계획방류량만큼 방류하지 않더라도 하류에서 홍수피해가 발생하는 문제가 있다. 2020년, 섬진강댐은 200년 빈도의 홍수량보다 작은 홍수가 발생했음에도 불구하고 하류 지역에서 홍수 피해가 발생하였다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라에서 홍수기에 일반적으로 사용되는 저수지 운영 방식 - Auto ROM, Rigid ROM, Technical ROM -을 적용하여 댐의 안정성과 하류 홍수피해를 최소화하기 위한 최적의 운영 방안을 검토하였다. 200년 빈도 홍수량과 2020년 홍수 자료를 이용하고 저수지 운영 방식의 변경을 통해 홍수조절효과를 검토하였다. 또한, 홍수조절효과가 미약할 시 사전 방류를 통해 홍수조절효과를 향상시켰다. 본 연구는 안전하고 효율적인 댐 운영 방식을 분석함으로써, 타 다목적 댐 운영에 대한 참고자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.