• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.5-31
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• 2008

Korean administrative jurisdiction has changed from separation to integration system, without definite raison d'etre from the effectiveness dimension. It partially comes from the fact that the top priority of most existing documents has given to the behavioral patterns of key variables during specific time periods. As an alternative approach, this study focuses on dynamic analysis on the long-term structural patterns related to urban-rural integration issues. Specifically, it pays attention to unique experiences between two neighboring administrative authorities, namely Cheongju and Cheongwon, all of which have repeated exceptional confrontations between pros and cons over almost two decades. From the theoretical perspectives, this observes structural similarities and differences between separation and integration approaches and compares individual feedback loops in order to examine urban-rural integration effectiveness. Structurally, if the integrated local authority adopts systematic management and balanced territorial development principles, it would gain the highest positive effect of urban-rural integration. After scenario buildings, it analyzes administrative integration dynamics between Cheongju and Cheongwon, highlighting geo-political conditions, key issues, and implementation plans between two administrative authorities. It expects that the integrated jurisdiction as a whole would increase the urban attractiveness as it can facilitate territorial development plans from macro-level. Furthermore, if the integrated authority keeps balanced territorial principles, which would be well reflected in the mutual agreement between two administrative units, it would also guarantee the increased urban attractiveness in the integrated jurisdiction. Nonetheless, compared to Cheongwon, which might be wider open to the location of NIMBY facilities, it would be more difficult for Cheongju to pay attention to territorial development confined to its original jurisdiction in the short run.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.274-287
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• 2019

Most corporations engage in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities. Consumers are aware of CSR activities in different domains and use the perception and evaluation in purchase decision making. This study reveals how the relationship between consumer perception about a fashion corporation's CSR activities and product evaluation (such as perceived expertise and attractiveness) affects behavioral intention. This study discussed implications for store designs depending on whether it is actively engaging in CSR communication. Two virtual fashion store images of modern or eco design were used as stimuli. The study was conducted from July to August, 2018 based on women in their 20s and 30s. We collected 154 eco designs and 157 modern design responses. The findings of the study show that consumer perceptions of CSR activities affected perceived expertise and attractiveness. Further, perceived expertise and attracti-veness led to purchase intention and time spent in the store. The store design variation had no differences in mean values of consumer perception; however, evaluation and purchase intention indicated that a varied store design emphasized different corporation capabilities.

• Entomological Research
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.354-361
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• 2018

Plant essential oils (EOs) exhibit an array of biological activities against insect pests. However, their negative influences on the pheromonal activity of azuki bean beetle (ABB), Callosobruchus chinensis L. have not received research attentions. ABB is a field-to-storage pest of legumes, and its female produces the sex pheromone known as homofarnesal with two isomeric components: 2E- and 2Z-homofarnesal, (2E,6E)-7-ethyl-3,11-dimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrienals and (2Z,6E)-7-ethyl-3,11-dimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrienals. We evaluated the effects of three EOs and their two major components on the attractiveness of male ABBs to synthetic homofarnesal (2E-:2Z-homofarnesal = 6:4) using Y-tube olfactometry in laboratory and rocket traps in the semi-open polyhouse. Y-tube olfactometry showed the significant negative effect of EOs of Illicium verum, Croton anisatum at 10 and 100 ng, and Gaultheria fragrantissima at 100 ng against homofarnesal (100 ng) in attracting male ABBs. Similarly trans-anethole (at 10 and 100 ng) and methyl salicylate (at 100 ng) also ascertained significant negative effect against homofarnesal (100 ng) in Y-tube olfactometry. When 10 mg of each of trans-anethole and methyl salicylate was released at the downstream of 30 mg homofarnesal lure in rocket traps, highly significant effect was achieved against attractiveness of homofarnesal to ABB males. This study ascertained significant level of negative effect of the tested EOs and their major components to homofarnesal, tracing out a new opportunity of integrating them in ABB management programs both in field and storage.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.261-285
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• 2011

In our studies, We defined the concept of social reputation and aimed to estimate the effect of social reputation on likability, trust, preference of interpersonal relationship. To accomplish these goal, photographs of 12 persons(six young unmarried man, six young unmarried women) volunteered were shown to 60 raters, and the one male and one female pictures of scores of facial attractiveness are nearest to median were selected as experimental figures in preliminary study. After this, We asked 260 raters to assess likability, trust, preference of interpersonal relationship after showing raters the chosen pictures of man and woman and telling scenario of positive, negative reputation about these two persons. The outcomes showed that in both men and women, likability, trust, preference of persons who gained positive reputation were significantly higher than persons gained negative reputation. Facial attractiveness was effect on likability, trust, and preference, but effect size of reputation was much higher on likability, interpersonal preference, especially trust level. Also, in three-way ANCOVA results, Woman has showed higher likability and trust than man under the condition of good reputation in both woman was rater and object to be assessed, but on the contrary, likability, trust, and preference of woman were lower than man in either woman was rater or object to be judged under the bad reputation,. Lastly, this study's implications and limitations were discussed.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.53-82
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to show the clustering trend by using the context-dependent and measure-specific models for 38 Asian ports during 10 years(2001-2009) with 4 inputs and 1 output. The main empirical results of this paper are as follows. First, clustering results by using context-dependent and measure-specific models are same. Second, the most efficient clustering was shown among the Hong Kong, Singapore, Ningbo, Guangzhou, and Kaosiung ports. Third, Port Sultan Qaboos, Jeddah, and Aden ports showed the lowest level clustering. Fourth, ranking order of attractiveness is Guangzhou, Dubai, HongKong, Ningbo, and Shanghai, and the results of progressive scores confirmed that low level ports can increase their efficiency by benchmarking the upper level ports. Fifth, benchmark share showed that Dubai(birth length), and HongKong(port depth, total area, and no. of cranes) have affected the efficiency of the inefficient ports.

• 한국경영정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.35-51
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• 2008

This study is to investigate factors that affect preference to CMDS(convergence mobile data service) on institutionalization of MDS. A research model was proposed and subsequent hypotheses were empirically tested with partial least square (PLS) based on 400 responses from the users of CMDS(DMB: 200 / m-Banking: 200). It was learned that institutionalization of technology related building MDS was positively associated with assimilation of MDS(represent a institutionalization of MDS) rather than service quality and use gratification. It means that users decided use of MDS refereed from its level of assimilation to MDS channel. Also, attractiveness of alternatives to CMDS is negatively associated with continuous use of CMDS and preference to CMDS. Lastly, their association strength was partially moderated by the type of motivation for using CMDS.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1177-1186
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• 2000

The Study was consist of clothing shape(H-line, A-line, V-line, X-line, O-line) and color(Blace, Grey1, Grey2, White). The main purpose of this study is to analyze image differences due to shape variation, image differences due to observers characteristic differences. The main findings can be summarized as follow. First, image differences due to shape variation are statistically significant ar five factors - the maturity level, the degree of softness, attractiveness, the degree of recognition, and the activity. But the degree of recognition is found out to be the least significant factor. H-line is estimated the mature image, A·X-line is estimated young, feminine and active image. Second, image differences by observers characteristics are various depending on the shape of clothing.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.45-64
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• 2016

As the digital retail environement becomes prevalent, consumers are given greater opportunities to make purchases across physical and digital boundaries. Prior research emphasizes that the attractiveness of the digital or online channel is relatively determined by spatial specifics of physical locations. The overall market trend combined with prior research suggests that understanding spatial specifics becomes a key to managing both offline and online sales performance together. In this study, we focus on geographic variation in sales performance through offline and online channels and aim to investigate the channel-level sales difference between central and subsidiary areas. To this end, we obtain sales data of skincare and makeup products from a leading cosmetic company. Next, we examine spatial autocorrelations in data and then employ the spatial error models to study the effects of spatial specifics. The empirical findings are as follows. First, there are significant differences in category-specific and channel-level sales between central and subsidiary areas. Second, Moran's I statistics demonstrate the spatial autocorrelations of each variable. Third, spatial error models outperform simple regression models with lower AIC values. Finally, spatial specifics play a greater role in understanding online sales in subsidiary areas whereas they exert greater influence on offline sales in central areas. We believe our study advances the related theory and knowledge of multi-channel retailing and also contributes practically to location-dependent multi-channel strategies and sales data analytics.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Facial symmetry is an important component of attractiveness. However, functional symmetry is favorable to aesthetic symmetry. In addition, fluctuating asymmetry is more natural and common, even if patients find such asymmetry to be noticeable. However, fluctuating asymmetry remains difficult to define. Several studies have shown that a certain level of asymmetry could generate an unfavorable image. A natural profile is favorable to perfect mirror-image profile, and images with canting and differences less than $3^{\circ}-4^{\circ}$ and 3-4 mm, respectively, are generally not recognized as asymmetry. In this study, a questionnaire survey among 434 medical students was used to evaluate photos of Asian women. The students preferred original images over mirror images. Facial asymmetry was noticed when the canting and difference were more than $3^{\circ}$ and 3 mm, respectively. When a certain level of asymmetry is recognizable, correcting it can help to improve social life and human relationships. Prior to any operation, the anatomical component for noticeable asymmetry should be understood, which can be divided into hard tissues and soft tissue. For diagnosis, two-and three-dimensional (3D) photogrammetry and radiometry are used, including photography, laser scanner, cephalometry, and 3D computed tomography.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.157-169
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• 2022

Job love is an emerging phenomenon, which is the utmost approach to fulfilling employees' and organizations' mutual interests, especially performance. The current study aims to define and extend the existing proposed construct of "loving one's job" as job love. It provides a novel theoretical multi-level framework of job love, contextual factors, and performance principled on the attraction-selection-attrition framework and social exchange theory through an integrated approach. This study collected cross-sectional data through a questionnaire from 332 nurses across eight tertiary hospitals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The findings are based on the structural equation modeling technique (SEM) at multi-levels. The results show significant relationships between job love, contextual factors, and performance at the individual and organization levels. There are some insignificant relationships between the variables at the cross-level. Job love plays a key role for both employees and organizations. It facilitates the individuals in the recruitment process to select the job they love, be a good fit, and stay committed to that particular job and organization. This phenomenon allows people to pursue their common interests. Job love assists firms in developing human resource capacity utilization plans that satisfy the needed requirements.