• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1225-1235
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• 2021

This study aims to analyze the influence of farmer characteristics, Ihsan attitude, economic conditions, and socio-cultural environmental support, and the number of family members on farmer behavior in meeting food needs in realizing household food security, with the role of the government as a moderator. This study is about the relationship between farmer behavior and their household food security. This research uses a quantitative research method involving 337 farmers from three villages located in three different sub-districts, namely Alang-alang village, Tragah sub-district, Mrecah village, Tanah Merah sub-district, and finally Gangsean village, Sepulu sub-district. The quantitative analysis approach consists of formulating problems, compiling models, obtaining data, finding solutions, testing solutions, analyzing results, and interpreting results. From the 7 hypotheses that were built, it was identified that there was 1 hypothesis that was not significant, namely the influence of the support of the socio-cultural environment on farmer behavior to meet the food needs of farmers' households. The attitude that is identified is still very rarely used in the context of agricultural human resources and at the same time is an inherent character of Madurese farmers which is an interesting part for researchers to study more deeply and become new or authentic in this research.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.23-33
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• 2022

Purpose: The objective of the study is to examine the role of approval goals, subjective norm, internal motivation, external motivation, attitude towards behavior, and perceived behavioral control on retail consumer's intention to consume fortified food in Pakistan. Research design, data, and methodology: The study was quantitative in nature. That is why the data were collected from 384 respondents approaching retail stores of Lahore, Gujranwala, and Faisalabad using mall intercept survey. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the data. Results: The results show that approval goals significantly influence subjective norms. Secondly, subjective norms positively influence internal and external motivation. Thirdly, attitude towards behavior and internal motivation significantly impacted on intention. However, the findings of the study show, non-significant relationship of external motivation and perceived behavioral control with intention to consume fortified food. Conclusion: Theory of reasoned goal pursuit was used to investigate consumer intention to consume fortified food in Pakistan. This study is helpful for the marketers to create a word-of-mouth strategy to enhance positive word of mouth for the company, which ultimately beneficial to develop the distribution strategy of the firm. Fortified food is full of health enriched ingredients which is beneficial for society at large.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1017-1034
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• 2021

The "Escape the corset" movement raises the question of gender norms in dressing by rejecting the socially established ideal women's clothing. The context is similar to Rational dress of the 19th century, which claimed that women could also wear pants. Cartoons and webtoons reflect the characteristics of each era, including images and stories, and express social problems of the time implicitly and satirically. Thus, this study examined women's clothes expressed in cartoons and webtoons and analyzed their characteristics. The results are as follows. As an expression to the recipient of both clothes, women tried to form their identity through a rational attitude and break away from their embellishment, which was regarded as oppression from society. On the other hand, as an expression of the attitude of others towards the recipient of both clothes, people argued the changed appearance of women as a non-ideal form which should be corrected. This study is significant for proving that the dressing contains gender norms of the time beyond the trends.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.47-55
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• 2023

Purpose: Online meeting is chosen instead of face-to-face conferences as a solution that ensures both effectiveness and legality during times of strong epidemic outbreaks. In the current period, managers can have different types of meeting options for information distribution. This study has examined the effect of past behavior on the managers' intention of organizing online meetings. Research design, data and methodology: Data were collected from a survey with 475 managers and put into SmartPLS 4.0 for analysis. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to test relationships in the research model. Results: The findings indicated that past behavior plays the most critical role in explaining the organizing online meeting intention of managers, followed by attitude and subjective norms. Meanwhile, the perceived behavioral control factor has absolutely no effect on intention in the context of this study. Notably, attitude and subjective norms also remarkably mediated the impact of past behavior on managers' intention. Conclusions: This study has added to the understanding of the meeting organization behavior of managers. Even if the epidemic is under control, the administrators should still organize some meetings in the form of online because it will affect the social perceptions of future behavior and behavioral intention.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.41
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• pp.113-140
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• 2015

This paper explains how the basic and instinctive emotion "joy" is verbally expressed in Russian and Korean. In particular, the main concern of this pater is on the cultural context with which the emotion "joy" is related and the ways in which the emotion "joy" has a wide range of uses. The semantic and pragmatic characteristics of the uses of the expression "joy" can be explained through the cultural and historical backgrounds in both languages. In Russian, joy has two variants, radost' and udovol'stvie. It is very difficult to distinguish a significant difference between them; however, the former is mainly connected with more mental, spiritual, cultural, and religious contexts, whereas the latter is mainly related with more concrete, instantaneous contexts and daily life. The former produces an impression that has a more wide, spiritual, and macroscopic attitude toward a situation, whereas the latter produces an impression that has a microscopic and instantaneous attitude toward a situation. Compared with the Russian expressions, the Korean equivalents, 기쁨 and 즐거움, have a very similar opposition like that of the Russian. The former is based on a more logical and causal relation between an anticipation or desire and the current situations, whereas the latter is based on the participation of speakers in a situation and has a very instantaneous characteristic, like a udovol'stvie in Russian. Thus, it can be reasonable argued that the Russian udovol'stvie and the Korean 즐거움 share many similar semantic properties. In brief summary, in both languages there exists two distinctive variants that show a privative opposition to express the emotional concept of joy.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.308-321
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• 2018

The purpose of the study is to develop a questionnaire that examines unskeptical attitudes in scientific inquiry context. The questionnaire items were developed through literature research, expert review, and statistical analyses for validity and the differences in scores were identified by gender and tracks. A total of 363 high school students participated in the study. To explore the validity evidence of items, the Rasch analysis and the reliability of internal consistency were performed, and the two-way ANOVA was performed to compare the scores of the unskeptical attitudes between gender and academic track. Self-reporting and Likert-scaling 23 items were developed to measure unskeptical attitudes in scientific inquiry context. The items were developed in the sub-domain of scientific inquiry: 'questioning and hypothesis generating,' 'experiment designing,' and 'explaining and interpreting.' Second, the validity and reliability of the unskeptical were identified in a rigorous method. The validity of items were identified by multi-dimensional partial score model analysis through the Rasch model, and all 23 items were found to be fit to model. Various reliability evidences were also found to be appropriate. It was found that there were no significant differences of unskeptical attitude score between the gender and academic track except one comparison. The developed questionnaire could be used to check an unskeptical attitude in the course of scientific inquiry and to compare the effects of scientific inquiry classes.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.71-94
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of interactivity, computer playfulness, and computer anxiety on service satisfaction, attitude, and user intention based on the flow theory in order to understand factors improving effects of home-network system. Especially, Computer anxiety which is one of individual characteristics in negative aspect as well as computer playfulness was added to the research model to perform empirical research for grasping effects on attitude variables such as service satisfaction. The analysis resulted that the perceived interactivity and the computer playfulness had a positive relationship with service satisfaction, but on the contrary it was identified that the computer anxiety gave a negative effect on the service satisfaction. These results are evidences to explain high correlation of the perceived interactivity, the computer playfulness, and the computer anxiety with the service satisfaction. Besides, it was found that there was a meaningful relationship among the three attitude variables such as satisfaction, attitude, and intention to use. This research suggested an integrative research model using home-network technology where user satisfaction and use factors were included, expanded research area of the traditional interactivity, and presented a consistent result to support the relationship among the service satisfaction, the attitude, and the intention to use. In additions, practical issues were also provided by presenting user's criteria for selecting various services including electronic commerce and its using elements continuously.

• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.131-146
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• 2020

The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between attitude in digital usage and life satisfaction level of the middle-aged people and older adults, and to analyze Sequential Mediation Effects of online networking activity and information producing and sharing in the online context. To achieve the main objectives, we conducted Hayeys'(2013) Process for SPSS Macro. The followings are the results of the study: First, there is a strong relationship between the attitude towards digital usage and the life satisfaction. Second, the results showed that impact of attitude in digital usage on life satisfaction among the older people is 0.291 unit higher, when they are engaged both in online networking activity and digital information production/sharing activities compared to involved in online networking activity alone. The results of the study is meaningful in that they can be used as a baseline data for reconsideration of digital usage and life satisfaction of the older adults, by providing comprehensive examination of relationship among attitude in digital usage, life satisfaction, online network activities, and digital information production·sharing activities of the older adults.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.225-234
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• 2021

Due to pandemic situations, the development of home robots that can make the house an optimized space for various activities is active. This study aims to confirm the effectiveness of approach or avoidance behavior for feedback positioning on the user experience, depending on the context in which the robot performs the task. Based on two types of the task contexts(Reactive vs. Proactive) and three types of robot feedback positioning(No move vs. Avoidance vs. Approach), six different scenarios were designed for experimental study. Likeability, perceived intelligence, rapport, negative attitude and predictability of behavior are measured for each conditions. The result showed the main effects of perceived intelligence, rapport, predictability in the context of tasks, and of likability, perceived intelligence, rapport in robot feedback positioning. The interaction effects were shown in likeability and perceived intelligence. In conclusion, approach-avoidance experiences can also be applied to robot behaviors as well, and the negative effects of avoidance have been significantly confirmed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.90-97
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• 2012

Objectives: While there have been many quantitative studies on the public's attitude towards mental illnesses, it is hard to find quantitative study which focused on the contextual effect on the public's attitude. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that affect the public's beliefs and attitudes including contextual effects. Methods: We analyzed survey on the public's beliefs and attitudes towards mental illness in Korea with multi-level analysis. We analyzed the public's beliefs and attitudes in terms of prejudice as an intermediate outcome and social distance as a final outcome. Then, we focused on the associations of factors, which were individual and regional socioeconomic factors, familiarity, and knowledge based on the comparison of the intermediate and final outcomes. Results: Prejudice was not explained by regional variables but was only correlated with individual factors. Prejudice increased with age and decreased by high education level. However, social distance controlling for prejudice increased in females, in people with a high education level, and in regions with a high education level and a high proportion of the old. Therefore, social distance without controlling for prejudice increased in females, in the elderly, in highly educated people, and in regions with a high education and aged community. Conclusions: The result of the multi-level analysis for the regional variables suggests that social distance for mental illness are not only determined by individual factors but also influenced by the surroundings so that it could be tackled sufficiently with appropriate considering of the relevant regional context with individual characteristics.