• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.86-93
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• 2012

We present a retrieval method to obtain dust backscatter coefficient from the mixed Asian dust and pollutant layer. In the present study, vertically resolved quartz (silicon dioxide, silica) concentration was calculated using Raman scattering signals from quartz at 546 nm. Dust concentration was obtained based on typical mass percentage of quartz in Asian dust. The highest value of dust concentration at 3.7 km in March 21, 2010 was 22.3 and 10.9 ${\mu}gm^{-3}$ according to the quartz percentage in Asian dust as 65 and 30% based on literature survey, respectively. OPAC (Optical Properties of Aerosol and Clouds) simulations were conducted to calculate dust backscatter coefficient. The retrieved dust concentration was used as an input parameter for the OPAC calculations. Utilization of quartz Raman channel in Lidar measurements is considered useful for distinguishing optical properties of dust and nondust aerosol in the mixing state of Asian dust.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• v.3C no.5
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• pp.171-176
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• 2003

For practical electrical insulation design of high temperature superconducting (HTS) power apparatuses, knowledge of the dielectric behavior of both liquid nitrogen (L$N_2$) and subcooled liquid nitrogen (SL$N_2$) are essential. To achieve SL$N_2$ at atmospheric pressure, cryostat was designed and constructed. By pumping up the L$N_2$ in the outer dewar, the temperature of L$N_2$ in the inner dewar at atmospheric pressure can be controlled. The breakdown characteristics of L$N_2$ in quasi-uniform and non-uniform electrical fields for temperatures ranging from 77 K to 65 K at atmospheric pressure and pressure ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 MPa were investigated experimentally. The experimental data suggested that the breakdown voltage (BDV) of L$N_2$ is both highly temperature and pressure dependent. We also carried out statistical analysis of the experimental results using the Weibull distribution. The Weibull shape parameter m for the sphere-to-plane electrodes in SL$N_2$ was estimated to be 11 to 18.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.628-634
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• 2016

The 8 wt% yttria($Y_2O_3$) stabilized zirconia ($ZrO_2$), 8YSZ, a typical thermal barrier coating (TBC) for turbine systems, was fabricated under different starting powder conditions and coating parameters by atmospheric plasma spray (APS) coating process. Four different starting powders were prepared by conventional spray dry method with different additive and process parameter conditions. As a result, large- and small-size spherical-type particles and Donut-type particles were obtained. Dense structure of 8YSZ coating was produced when small size spherical-type or Donut-type particles were used. On the other hand, 8YSZ coating with a porous structure was formed from large-size spherical-type particles. Furthermore, a segmented coating structure with vertical cracks was observed after post heat treatment on the surface of dense structured coating by argon plasma flame at an appropriate gun distance and power condition.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.80-84
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• 2014

The discharge characteristics of Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge (SDBD) reactor are investigated to find optimal driving condition with adjusting various parameter. When the high voltage with sine wave form is applied to SDBD source, successive pulsed current waveforms are observed owing to multiple ignitions through the long discharge channel and wall charge accumulation on the dielectric surface. The discharge voltage, total charge between dielectrics, mean energy and power are calculated from measured current and voltage according to electrode gap and dielectric thickness. Discharge mode transition from filamentary to diffusive glow is observed for narrow gap and high applied voltage case. However, when the diffusive discharge is occurred with high applied voltage, the actual firing voltage is always lower than that with low driving voltage. The $Si_3N_4$, $MgF_2$, $Al_2O_3$ and $TiO_2$ are considered for dielectric protection and high secondary electron emission coefficient. SDBD with $MgF_2$ shows the lowest breakdown voltage. $MgF_2$ thin film is proposed as a protection layer for low voltage atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge devices.

• Atmosphere
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.227-239
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• 2019

This paper reviews various bulk-type cloud microphysics parameterizations (BCMPs). BCMP, predicting the moments of size distribution of hydrometeors, parameterizes the grid-resolved cloud and precipitation processes in atmospheric models. The generalized gamma distribution is mainly applied to represent the hydrometeors size distribution in BCMPs. BCMP can be divided in three different methods such as single-moment, double-moment, and triple-moment approaches depending on the number of prognostic variables. Single-moment approach only predicts the hydrometeors mixing ratio. Double-moment approach predicts not only the hydrometeors mixing ratio but also the hydrometeors number concentration. Triple-moment approach predicts the dispersion parameter of hydrometeors size distribution through the prognostic reflectivity, together with the number concentrations and mixing ratios of hydrometeors. Triple-moment approach is the most time expensive method because it has the most number of prognostic variables. However, this approach can allow more flexibility in representing hydrometeors size distribution relative to single-moment and double-moment approaches. At the early stage of the development of BMCPs, warm rain processes were only included. Ice-phase categories such as cloud ice, snow, graupel, and hail were included in BCMPs with prescribed properties for densities and sedimentation velocities of ice-phase hydrometeors since 1980s. Recently, to avoid fixed properties for ice-phase hydrometeors and ad-hoc category conversion, the new approach was proposed in which rimed ice and deposition ice mixing ratios are predicted with total ice number concentration and volume.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2001

Ambient ge-phase $H_2O$$_2$(Hydrogen Peroxide) concentrations were measured at four sites in downtown Seoul Korea. These measurements were mad during winter and summer, February 14~19 and 12~17, 1997. $H_2O$$_2$concentrations were quantified by fluorescence using enzyms. $H_2O$$_2$ concentrations in winter were below the limit of detection and was much higher concentrations in summer. The mean of all observations was 264 ppt and the range measured was 23ppt~1856ppt. The results from the correlation analysis showed that the concentration of gasous $H_2O$$_2$is dependent on the other air pollutants(O$_3$, NO$_2$) and meteorological parameter(solar radiation).

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.251-252
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• 2003

Most particles capable of reaching the thoracic region of humans are in the size range below 10$\mu$m in diameter. Particles with a diameter smaller than 2.5 $\mu$m are deposited in large amounts in the alveolar region during mouth inhalation. The hazard caused by fine particles depends on their chemical composition and the site within the human respiratory system where they are deposited(Hinds, 1982). Therefore, the concentration of air borne fine particles is an important parameter for the evaluation of the degree of hazard in an atmospheric environment. (omitted)

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 1992

Applying mass model to disk galaxy NGC 300, since the observed rotation curve of NGC 300 is flatter than Toomre's mass model n = 1, two cases are used; obtaining parameters $a^n$ and $b^n$ from the polynomial fitting of the observed rotation curve (case A) and from the least square fitting between the observed rotation curve and model rotation curve (case B). In any case, n bas a fixed value of 1. Brandt's mass model is also discussed. which has a shape parameter n = 1.4. Calculated total mass and total mass to luminosity ratio are $3.3{\times}10^{10}M_{\odot}$, l2.1 for case A and $2.8{\times}10^{10}M_{\odot}$, 10.3 for case B. In case of Brandt's model, the values are $4.2{\times}10^{10}M_{\odot}$ and 15.4. The rise in the local mass to luminosity ratio in the outer part of NGC 300 implies existence of massive halo. Other dynamical properties are also discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.18 no.E1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2002

The electrical and chemical properties of the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) process for the benzene removal were investigated. The benzene removal was initiated with the applied voltage higher than the discharge onset value. The removal efficiency over 95 % was obtained at approximately 1.6 kJ lite $r^{r-1}$ of the electrical energy density. The increase of the inlet concentration decreased the removal efficiency. However, the benzene decomposition rate increased with the inlet concentration . While the increase of the gas retention time enhanced the removal efficiency, the decomposition rate decreased. Identification of the optimum condition between the decomposition rate and the removal efficiency is required for field applications of the DBD process.s.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.539-544
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• 2000

A simple analytic model is proposed here to analyze the concentration deficit field caused by a large area of vegetated area. With non-dimensional deposition velocity chosen as small parameter, the regular perturbation method is exploited to derive the mass balance equation and the dynamic equations for the concentration deficit field, Analytic solutions to those equations are obtained in a closed form for several cases of interest, assuming that the concentration field is stationary and the plume can be nicely approximated as Gaussian for a point source. The results suggest that quite a negligible fraction (less than 1%) of the gaseous air pollutants emitted into the air is removed by the vegetated area of which width is 4 km in wind-wise direction, the typical dimension of the Restricted Development Zones around the metropolitan regions in South Korea.