• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.170-179
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• 1994

Atherosclerosis, a multifactorial disease, is closely related to lipid nutrition , Data from well known epidemiological studies including Seven Country , Framinghsam Study and several intervention trials have confirmed that serum cholesterol is the major risk factor and elevation of LDL-cholesterol level is most undesriable. On the basis of results concurring in that dietary saturated fat and cholesterol increase serum cholesterol while polyunsaturated fat decrease it, changes in serum choesterol level have been predicted by regression equations developed by Keys et al. and other investigators. Effects of individual fatty acids on the level of serum cholesterol have been further differentiated by chain length, cis-trans isomers and n-6 vs n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Among them the effect of n-3 fatty acids has been well recogniaed as antiplatelet activity, thus reducing the incidence of atherosclerosis. Role of vitamin E in prevention of atherosclerosis has been evovled from works showing that LDL oxdiation stimulates formation of ateroma and also from epidemiologic studies. Dietary recommendations at present are : (ⅰ) 30 and 10 cal % as upper limit of total and saturated fat intakes, respectively (ⅱ) no more than 300 mg cholesterol/day, (ⅲ) 1-2 g of n-3 fatty acid/day and (ⅳ) some increase RDA of vitamin E which is 8-10 TE.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.243-259
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the induction of experimental atherosclerosis in rats and inhibitory effects of aloe vera on progression of atherosclerosis in rats. Adose range finding study of cholesterol and vitamin D2 for the induction of atherosclerosis and studies on the subchronic effect of aloe vera and on the chronic effect of aloe vera were carried out. A total of 3-week old 125 male rats of Sprague-Dawley were divided into 25 groups and fed with the diet containing cholesterol (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%) and vitamin D2 (500, 5000, 50000 and 500, 000 IU/100 g) for 4 weeks. 35 male rats were divided into 7 groups and fed with the diet containing aloe vera with 1.0% of cholesterol and 50, 000 IU/100 g of vitamin D2 for 4 weeks. 200 male rats were divided into 5 groups and fed with cholesterol and vitamin D2 for 6 and 12 months. Growth, clinical and pathological changes of rats in the three experiments were observed. The results were as follows: 1. In the dose-range finding study, feed intake, feed efficiency ratio and weight to body weight were increased in all of the feed groups containing 500, 000 IU/100 g of vitamin D2. Serum biochemical values of total cholesterol, high-density lipiprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol), triglyceride, calcium, inorganic phosphorous and chloride of male rats in treated groups. The aorta and coronary artery of rats in all of the diet group containing 500, 000 IU/100 g of vitamin D2 showed typical atherosclerotic lesions. 2. Male rats fed with the diet containing aloe vera with 1.0% cholesterol and 50, 000 IU/100 g of vitamin D2 for 6 and 12 months did not show significant difference of diet intake and weight gain, and relative organ weight. The level of serum HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride recovered to the normal range by the aloe vera ingestation. 3. The aorta showed irregular appearence in the tunica intima with swelling, necrosis and calcification. The aorta of rat fed aloe vera diet showed no pathological lesions such as atherosclerosis of aorta. Aloe vera could have a helpful effect of vitamin D2 and cholesterol induced atherosclerosis in rats. Long-term supplementation of aloe vera may slow down the process of experimental atherosclerosis in rats have effects on the development of atherosclerosis.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose to evaluate the effect of Resistin-like molecule alpha (Retnla) on the expression of transporters involved in modulating concentrations of peripheral cholesterol and plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. High levels of blood cholesterol are a well-recognized risk factor for atherosclerosis and are eliminated via the process of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). We recently showed that Retnla ameliorates hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis by increasing biliary cholesterol secretion, the final step of the process, in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. However, the role of Retnla in HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux, initial step of RCT pathway, is not yet clear. To identify cholesterol transport genes regulated by Retnla, we performed an extensive microarray-based gene expression screen using livers from Retnla-overexpressing (Tg) mice and control animals. The most significant change in Retnla-Tg mice was an upregulation of ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 4 (Abcg4) transport and was validated using quantitative RT-PCR. The validated gene was also induced by treatment of purified Retnla protein in RAW 264.7 cells incubated with acetylated low-density lipoprotein and Hepa1c1c7 cells. Taken together, these results indicates that Retnla might also accelerate initial step of RCT pathway, suggesting therapeutic value of Retnla in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.1055-1062
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• 2009

Magnolia obovata exhibit several beneficial effects including anti-oxidant effects. Magnolia obovata is used as a therapeutic agent to stop hemorrhages and a tonic to promoted health in Korean and Chinese medicine. The pharmacokinetic profiles of the main Magnolia obovata is still not accurately investigated. In present study, I examined the effects of water extracts of Magnolia obovata on atherosclerosis induced high cholesterol diet in rats in serum and abdominal aorta. A total of 3-week old 9 male rats of Sprague-Dawley were divided into 3 groups and fed with the basal diet (normal group), high cholesterol diet (atherosclerosis induced group) for 8 weeks, high cholesterol diet supplemented with water extracts of Magnolia obovata (Magnolia obovata group) for 2 weeks. And rats were sacrificed, serum lipid level, abodominal aortic anti-oxidant activities and lipid peroxide were measured. These results indicated that serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides concentration significantly lower in Magnolia obovata group than high cholesterol diet group. But HDL-cholesterol concentration had significantly higher in Magnolia obovata group than high cholesterol diet group. In conclusion, Magnolia obovata controls of lipid level of hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia, thus suppresses the proliferation of intima in endothelial cells, which is risk factors of atherosclerosis induced high cholesterol diet in rats. I consider as Magnolia obovata is worth to using as atherosclerosis treatment.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1187-1195
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• 2006

Panax notoginseng exhibit several beneficial effects including anti-oxidant effects. P. notoginseng is used as a therapeutic agent to stop haemorrhages and a tonic to promoted health in Korean and Chinese medicine. The pharmacokinetic profiles of the main P. notoginseng are still not accurately investigated. The exact mechanism of the anti-oxidant activitys of water extracts of P. notoginseng, however, has not been determined. in present study, I examined the effects of water extracts of P. notoginseng on high cholesterol diet atherosclerosis-induced rats in serum and abdominal aorta. A total of 3-week old 9 male rats of Sprague-Dawley were divided into 3 groups and fed with the basal diet (normal group), high cholesterol diet (atherosclerosis induced group) for 8 weeks, high cholesterol diet supplemented with water extracts of P. notoginseng (P. notoginseng group) for 4 weeks. And rats were sacrificed, serum lipid level, abodominal aortic anti-oxidant activities and lipid peroxide were measured. These results indicated that serum total cholesterl, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides concentration significently lowered in P. notoginseng group than high cholesterol diet group. But HDL-cholesterol concentraion significently higher in P. notoginseng group than high cholesterol feed group. And abdominal aortic xanthine oxidase activity was significantly reduced by dietary water extracts of P. notoginseng supplementation (p<0.05) Also abdominal aortic superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly increased by dietary water extracts of P. notoginseng supplementation (p<0.05) Especially, abdominal aortic level of lipid peroxide tended to increase in high cholesterol feed group, but water extract of P. notoginseng intake reduced the value (p<0.05).

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2009

Objectives : The protective effect of Vasopurus, a mixture of three medicinal plants, on atherosclerosis induced by dietary cholesterol in low density lipid (LDL) receptor deficient mice was studied. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into three groups of six animals each; a normal group (N); a high cholesterol group (HC), a high cholesterol plus Vasopurus group (HCVA). The experimental groups were fed for 6 months. Results : Vasopurus supplementation significantly lowered plasma total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol conc entrations compared with the high.cholesterol (HC) diet group. In addition, supplementation with Vasopurus significantly increased fecal cholesterol contents compared to mice fed a HC diet. Mice whose diet was supplemented by Vasopurus showed considerably fewer atherosclerotic plagues in the aortic values of heart and aortas compared to mice receiving the HC diet. Conclusions : These results indicate that Vasopurus has efficacy in anti.atherosclerosis medication.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.254-264
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• 2019

Atherosclerosis is a widespread and chronic progressive arterial disease that has been regarded as one of the major causes of death worldwide. It is caused by the deposition of cholesterol, fats, and other substances in the tunica intima which leads to narrowing of the blood vessels, loss of elasticity, and arterial wall thickening, thus causing difficulty in blood flow. Natural products have been used as one of the most important strategies for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases for a long time. In recent decades, as interests in natural products including medicinal herbs have increased, many studies regarding natural compounds that are effective against atherosclerosis have been conducted. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief overview of the natural compounds that have been used for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis, and their mechanisms of action based on recent research.

• BMB Reports
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• 제51권10호
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• pp.520-525
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• 2018

Cardiovascular diseases arising from atherosclerosis are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Lipid-lowering agents have been developed in order to treat hypercholesterolemia, a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. However, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is increasing, indicating a need to identify novel therapeutic targets and develop new treatment agents. Adenosine receptors (ARs) are emerging as therapeutic targets in asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, ischemia, and inflammatory diseases. This study assessed whether LJ-1888, a selective antagonist for $A_3$ AR, can inhibit the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knock-out ($ApoE^{-/-}$) mice who are fed a western diet. Plaque formation was significantly lower in $ApoE^{-/-}$ mice administered LJ-1888 than in mice not administered LJ-1888, without any associated liver damage. LJ-1888 treatment of $ApoE^{-/-}$ mice prevented western diet-induced hypercholesterolemia by markedly reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and significantly increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Reduced hypercholesterolemia in $ApoE^{-/-}$ mice administered LJ-1888 was associated with the enhanced expression of genes involved in bile acid biosynthesis. These findings indicate that LJ-1888, a selective antagonist for $A_3$ AR, may be a novel candidate for the treatment of atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.169-174
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• 1994

This stydy was performed to investigate the inhibitory effect of bovine milk on the atherosclerotic rats. Eighty male rats of 5-weeks of age were divided into 4 groups, control, active treatment control fed the atherogenic feed, and skim milk and whole milk groups fed powdered skim or whole milk mixed with the atherogenic feed and observed for 13 weeks. Growth, clinical and pathological changes of the rats were examined. Rats of the 4 groups did not show significant difference of feed intake and weight gain. The level of serum cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) fraction, and inorganics between skim milk and whole milk groups were not significantly different though significant difference was shown between active treatment control and milk groups. Milder calcification and nearosis in aorta, heart and kidney and fat degeneration in liver were seen in the milk groups than were in active treatment control. Marked difference, however, was not found between the skim milk and whole milk groups. Both powdered skim and whole milks could have a helpful effect of vitamin D2-and -cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis in rats.

• 생약학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.157-167
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• 1978

Atherosclerosis is associated with the presence of extracellular lipid droplets and large fatty deposits, both of which are to be covered at the surface mainly by zwitterionic phospholipids. The development of atherosclerosis is often associated with the accumulation of calcium. Furthermore, the presence of glycosaminoglycans directly underlying fatty deposits in human aorta has been demonstrated. Also, the possible involvement of the interaction between sulfated polysaccharide and lipoprotein in the development of atherosclerosis has been suggested in view of the presence of both low density lipoproteins and glycosaminoglycans, as well as their complexes, in atherosclerotic aortas. Therefore interactions of sulfated polysaccharides with low density lipoproteins which serve as a vehicle for cholesterol and cholesterol ester and with zwitterionic phospholipids have been studied extensively by a number of workers to provide mechanisms. In this paper, the mechanism of the interaction of sulfated polysaccharides with low density lipoproteins and the mechanism of the interaction between sulfated polysaccharides and zwitterionic phospholipids are reviewed. The possibility of the occurence of these interactions in the body are also considered.