• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

The analysis of research trends is used to identify key subject areas, research trends over time, and new discussions in a study field. The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of research articles published in the area of rural planning using bibliometric methods. Research articles published in the Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning "Rural Planning" from 1995 to 2014 were analyzed to determine the annual publications, the number of periodical contributions, the authorship patterns, and popular research subjects and keywords. The results of this study are as follows; (1) The number of research papers and authors has increased over the 20 years periods (1995-2014); (2) The most published authors are associated with the study of rural planning. Seoul National University, Rural Development Administration, and Chonnam National University have highly contributed to the paper publications; (3) The most frequent word in titles is "Rural" for the whole period from 1995 to 2014. The most frequent words are "Village" and "Planning" from 1995-2006, and "Landscape" and "Village" in 2007-2010, and "Village" and "Area" from 2011-2014; and (4) The most used keywords are "Rural amenity", "Rural village", and "Rural landscape" for all of the different time frames.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.285-299
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• 2014

This study was conducted to analyze the reasons for aging in place through an in-depth interview, which is a qualitative research method. The subjects of the study were 17 adults over the age of 60 years who preferred aging in place. Interviewees were asked questions about their experiences of past living, present living, and the future place where they want to live in and the reasons for their choice. In the in-depth interviews conducted from September 2012 to May 2013 for data collection the research participants were asked open-ended questions about their past living experiences and future living plan and were given the freedom to answer the questions in their own words. The results of the in-depth interviews revealed the following reasons for aging in place: 1) familiarity due to long-term residence, 2) strong attachment to the place and the neighbors, 3) satisfaction of present house, 4) personal stories associated with present house, 5) feeling of living in their own home, 6) convenience of the neighborhood for living, 7) caring relationship with the neighbors, 8) fear of a change of environment, and 9) resignation to the rest of their life. The findings indicated that residential types in old age need to be taken into account for both aging in place which referring to choosing to live where one has lived for years and referring to involuntarily staying where one has lived for years.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.41-47
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• 2002

East Asian explain the changes of substance happened on earth and those of human life with the conceptual frame of "Gi-ki"(地氣; earth vital energy) and organize them by the system of "Feng-shui(風水) theory. The core of Feng-shui theory is reading the expression of the nature and feeling the Gi-ki from the expression. One of the properties of the earth is that the earth has a magnetic field associated with it- the Geomagnetic field. The geomagnetic field is produced by a combination of the effects of electric currents in the earth's liquid core, the magnetization of crustal rocks, external electric current systems that surround the earth and currents induced in the outer layers of the earth by magnetic field variations. The sameness of logic between Feng-shui and geopathic zones is that both are concerned with the discrimination of site and the energy of places, in other words both disciplines are concerned with how the environment can influence people. In this context the operation of Gj-ki can be related with the effect caused by geomagnetic field on site. In this study Jongmyo(宗廟), one of the representative traditional architecture in Korea is selected because the site selection and building layout follows Feng-shui faithfully according to Taejo silok (太祖實錄, Annals of King Taejo). Observing the landforms surrounding Jongmyo, Jongmyo is apparently located in auspicious places named Gumge Poranhyoeng(金鷄抱卵形, a Feng-shui landscape of golden hen sitting on eggs). The geomagnetic investigation of Jongmyo shows that the geomagnetic values of Toekan(the space near Hyeol) are relatively high and uniform and those of Sangweoldae and Haweoldae are decreased in accordance with the distance. The result shows that there is possibility that Feng-shui has scientific basis related with geomagnetic field. Feng-shui theory can suggest a direction for designing the sustainable building for living with nature.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.295-302
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• 2009

The flow in the draft tube cone of Francis turbines operated at partial discharge is a complex hydrodynamic phenomenon where an incoming steady axisymmetric swirling flow evolves into a three-dimensional unsteady flow field with precessing helical vortex (also called vortex rope) and associated pressure fluctuations. The paper addresses the following fundamental question: is it possible to compute the circumferentially averaged flow field induced by the precessing vortex rope by using an axisymmetric turbulent swirling flow model? In other words, instead of averaging the measured or computed 3D velocity and pressure fields we would like to solve directly the circumferentially averaged governing equations. As a result, one could use a 2D axi-symmetric model instead of the full 3D flow simulation, with huge savings in both computing time and resources. In order to answer this question we first compute the axisymmetric turbulent swirling flow using available solvers by introducing a stagnant region model (SRM), essentially enforcing a unidirectional circumferentially averaged meridian flow as suggested by the experimental data. Numerical results obtained with both models are compared against measured axial and circumferential velocity profiles, as well as for the vortex rope location. Although the circumferentially averaged flow field cannot capture the unsteadiness of the 3D flow, it can be reliably used for further stability analysis, as well as for assessing and optimizing various techniques to stabilize the swirling flow. In particular, the methodology presented and validated in this paper is particularly useful in optimizing the blade design in order to reduce the stagnant region extent, thus mitigating the vortex rope and expending the operating range for Francis turbines.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.61-68
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• 2020

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the current state of rapid weight loss and physical and mental complaints among elite combat athletes who were selected and trained as national representatives. METHODS: A total of 127 combat athletes who had trained at the national training center in 2019 were enrolled. The questionnaire used as the survey tool was interpreted as words that Korean athletes could easily understand based on the Portuguese version of the 'Rapid Weight Loss Questionnaire' (RWLQ). χ² tests was performed to determine the differences in physical and mental changes according to sports and weight loss method. RESULTS: Combat athletes in Korea regularly undergo rapidly weight loss within a short period of time prior to competition. There were statistically similar results in terms of weight loss method, physical and mental changes and information about weight loss according to the sport. Weight loss methods often limit food and water intake and dehydrate. The physical complaints associated with them are symptoms such as "no energy", "dizziness", and "muscle spasms". The mental complaints include "irritability", "concentration loss" and "anxiety". These symptoms can be caused by side effects such as food intake limitation, water restriction and dehydration. Information sources for weight loss were in the order of "senior or colleagues", "supervisor or coach", and "Internet". No information was obtained from a doctor or dietitian. CONCLUSION: These results provide a baseline for predicting proper weight loss in athletes and provide useful information for developing performance enhancement as well as weight loss.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.674-681
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyze factors affecting acceptance of four kinds of dak-jjim samples in third year school-aged children (n=100). Soy sauce, red pepper paste, Vietnam fish sauce, and star anise were applied to samples for their familiar and exotic characteristics. Significant differences among samples were observed in odor, taste, and acceptance (p<0.001). Soy (Soy sauce sample), RPPaste (Red pepper paste sample), and Soy_FishS (Soy sauce and Vietnam fish sauce sample) samples scored higher than Soy_StarA (Soy sauce and star anise sample) sample. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in intensities of saltiness, sweetness, and hot spicy flavor (p>0.05). Liked attributes in samples were saltiness, sweetness, chicken flavor, potato flavor, moistness of chicken, hot spicy flavor, and color. Disliked attributes in samples were hot spicy flavor, saltiness, and ginger flavor. Significant differences among samples were observed in familiar intensity and willing to try again (p<0.001). Soy, RPPaste, and Soy_FishS samples scored higher than Soy_StarA sample. Panels considered taste (46%) and nutrition (45%). Higher familiar intensity of sample was associated with higher acceptance in samples. In other words, familiarity of food affects acceptance of food. Therefore, familiar ingredients such as soy sauce and chicken can be used for development of Korean menu items considering taste and nutrition with enhanced Korean food acceptance in school-aged children.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.103.1-103.1
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• 2011

Recent observations by Hinode show weakly-attenuated coronal loop oscillations in the presence of background flow (Ofman & Wang 2008, A&A, 482, L9). We study the vertical kink oscillations in solar coronal loops, considering field aligned flows inside the loops as well as surrounding the loops environment. The two dimensional numerical model of straight slab is used to explore the excitation and attenuation of the impulsively triggered fast magnetosonic standing kink waves. A full set of time dependent ideal magnetohydrodynamics equations is solved numerically taking into account the value of flow of the order of observed flows detected by SOT/Hinode. We find that relaxing the assumption of the limited flows within the loops enhances the damping rate of the fundamental mode of the standing kink waves by 2 - 3 % as compared to flow pattern which is basically localized within the loops. We further notice that extending the flow pattern beyond the loop thickness also enhances the strength of the shock associated with slow magnetoacoustic waves, recognized as an addition feature detected in the numerical simulation. The wider out-flow pattern destroys the oscillation patterns early as compared to narrower flow pattern, in other words we can say that it affects the durability of the oscillation. However, for the typical coronal loops parameters we find that the observed durability periods of the SOT/Hinode observation can be achieved with an out-flow Gaussian patterns for which half-width is not greater than factor 2.0 of the loop-half-width. explain a possible relation between electric current structure and sigmoid observed in a preflare phase.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.524-530
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• 2012

Recently, open access policy to railway operation has been widely discussed. Compared to the case of Korea, European countries have dealt with this topic over a few decades. The competition on railway slots incurs an important technological problem about how to optimally allocate railway slots requested from RUs to them. In other words, the authority should be able to coordinate the timetables requested from RUs in the non-discriminatory manner. Related with the coordination, compared to the other European countries, which have done many studies and experiments especially on auction mechanisms, Korean railway has paid less attention to this topic and there have not been any related studies. Our study analyses the state-of-the-arts about the railway slot allocation especially focusing on the auction mechanisms and the associated optimization problems. And we suggest a new railway slot allocation mechanism and related optimization model reflecting the adjustment within the tolerance and the operational policies between railway undertakings.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.223-230
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• 2015

Objectives: There is considerable evidence that polluted ambient air contributes to the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Heart rate variability (HRV) is defined as the variation in heartbeat intervals and has been reported as a biological marker of cardiovascular disease. This article reviews the existing literature in order to examine the association between air pollution and HRV. Methods: Literature was searched using Web of Science with the key words of "air pollution", "heart rate variability" and other related terms. A total of 156 articles were listed. For review, 21 of those listed publications were chosen after excluding studies regarding chamber studies, occupational environment, secondhand smoke and automobile exhaust. Results: Research methods employed in the publications were classified by type of participants (elderly/adult), air pollution monitoring (ambient/personal) and HRV monitoring (continuous/spot). Among HRV parameters, power in the low frequency range (LF), power in the high frequency range (HF) and standard deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN) were all associated with air pollutants. The chosen studies were mostly based on elderly populations. In studies based on continuous HRV monitoring, LF and SDNN significantly decreased when $PM_{2.5}$ exposure increased. Conclusion: Continuous HRV monitoring combined with personal exposure monitoring has been one of the most common study methods in recent publications. We expect that this review will be useful for the study of the association between air pollution and cardiovascular effects using HRV.

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.111-111
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• 2002

Purpose： This study is to compare the distinct brain activation between implicit and explicit memory retrieval tasks using a non-invasive blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI). Materials ＆ Methods： We studied seven right-handed, healthy volunteers aged 21-25 years(mean；22 years) were scanned under a 1.5T Signa Horizon Echospeed MR imager(GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, U.S.A.). During the implicit and explicit memory retrieval tasks of previously teamed words under the conceptual processing, we acquired fMRI data using gradient-echo EPI with 50ms TE, 3000ms TR, 26cm${\times}$26cm field-of-view, 128${\times}$128 matrix, and ten slices(6mm slice thickness, 1 mm gap) parallel to the AC-PC(anterior commissure and posterior commissure) line. By using the program of statistical parametric mapping(SPM99), functional activation maps were reconstructed and quantified.