• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a new method to select colors representing the meaning of text contents based on the cognitive relation between words and colors, Our method is designed on the previous study revealing the existence of crucial words to estimate the colors associated with the meaning of text contents, Using the associative probability of each color with a given word and the strength of color association of the word, we estimate the probability of colors associated with a given text. The goal of this study is to propose a system to recommend the cognitively plausible colors for the meaning of the input text. To build a versatile and efficient database used by our system, two psychological experiments were conducted by using news site articles. In experiment 1, we collected 498 words which were chosen by the participants as having the strong association with color. Subsequently, we investigated which color was associated with each word in experiment 2. In addition to those data, we employed the estimated values of the strength of color association and the colors associated with the words included in a very large corpus of newspapers (approximately 130,000 words) based on the similarity between the words obtained by Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA). Therefore our method allows us to select colors for a large variety of words or sentences. Finally, we verified that our system cognitively succeeded in proposing the colors associated with the meaning of the input text, comparing the correct colors answered by participants with the estimated colors by our method. Our system is expected to be of use in various types of situations such as the data visualization, the information retrieval, the art or web pages design, and so on.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.41-50
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• 2010

As time goes by, most of information escapes human being's memory even though he/she tries hard to remember the information. On the other hand, when a human being takes a look at an image, he/she recollects once forgotten past memories and relates a specific object in the photo with associated words, which trigger new memories. Beside, he/she feels the affection of that time by the recalled memory. Therefore, this paper proposes an augmented memory system that assists recollection of user's past memories by using the images in social network services and user's dictionary for associated words. In the proposed system, if a user selects an object in an image, words associated with the object is provided to the user. If the user selects one of the associated words, the proposed system offers the list of other images containing the object of the selected word. The repetition of the aforementioned process can make the user recollect his/her memory and stimulate his/her affection. It is expected that the proposed system will be useful for revitalizing social network services.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.2 s.61
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• pp.63-70
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• 2007

Analogy in problem solving is similarity-based reasoning facilitated by verbal and visual operation. This similarity-based reasoning generally supports initial phase of idea search. Therefore, this study intends to infer the types of problem solving by tracing the analogy use of verbal and visual representation through a experimental research. According to the result of this research, the types of problem solving by analogy are classified into 'evolving', 'divergent', and 'poor conversion' type. Firstly, 'evolving type' is distinguished between 'combination type' associated different contents to develope a new design and 'transformation type' associated similar words and sketches to be continuously revised and developed. In these types usually structural analogy rather than surface analogy is used. Secondly, in 'divergent type' associated words or sketches are individually represented, and among them one design solution is selected. In this type usually surface analogy is used. Thirdly, in 'poor conversion type' interaction between verbal representation and visual representation does not go on smoothly, and the generation of idea is poor. In here surface analogy is mostly used. These findings could form the basis of skill development of idea generation and conversion in design education.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.17-39
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• 2008

The present study was conducted to provide Korean word association lists for adults and children which are needed in research area of false memory. Associated words, asso[iation strength, and the proportion of cue set size to the total number of associated words produced through the discrete association technique were compared between the two groups. The data showed that associated words with high strength wert same or similar but associated words with lower strength were various in the two groups. The result that adults produced larger proportion of cue set size than children suggests that adults have more typical and more convergent semantic network than children. The present data will be served as a database useful for the studies to investigate cognitive functions in memory and other related area.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.272-277
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• 2008

Functional MRI technique was used in this study for examining the language switching mechanisms between the first language (L1) and the second language (L2). Language switching mechanism is regarded as a complex task that involves an interaction between L1 and L2. The aim of study is to find out the brain activation patterns during the phonological process of reading real English words and English words written in Korean characters in a bilingual person. Korean-English bilingual subjects were examined while they covertly read four types of words native Korean words, Korean words of a foreign origin, English words written in Korean characters, and English words. The fMRI results reveal that the left hemispheric language-related regions at the brain, such as the left inferior frontal, superior temporal, and parietal cortices, have a greater response to the presentation of English words written in Korean characters than for the other types of words, in addition, a slight difference was observed in the occipital-temporal lobe. These results suggest that a change in the brain circuitry underlying the relational processes of language switching is mainly associated with general executive processing system in the left prefrontal cortex rather than with a similarity-based processing system in the occipital-temporal lobes.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.27-31
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• 2018

Social network service (SNS) data related to green tourism were used to estimate preferred tour sites and users' interests. Keywords related with green tour activities were employed to search the SNS data. SNS data were collected from Korean blogs such as Naver and Daum from June $1^{st}$ to August $31^{st}$ between 2015 and 2017 using text-mining solution. During the study period, seven hundred and five posts were analyzed. Associated words that frequently co-occurred with keywords were classified into different categories depending on the nature of associated words. Associated words included swimming pools and camping sites (location); experience and swimming pools (attribute); and water play and culture (culture/leisure). Our data suggest that SNS users with experience of green tourism in Korea exhibited interest in green tourism with swimming pools, camping sites, experience, water play and/or culture rather than particular popular sites. Based on the findings, it is recommended that preferred facilities such as swimming pools should be provided at green tourism sites to meet the users' needs and to facilitate green tourism.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.161-179
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• 2012

The aims of this study are to investigate the environmental perception of elementary school students through picture drawing and associated words about environment, and analyze whether there are differences in the environmental perception according to living places and grades. The drawing of 230 students are analysed and categorized into the criteria. The results are as follows: a number of students realized as images associated with natural environment for words related to environment. In the pictures of the 'positive environment', expression frequencies of natural environment and living things were higher than ones of artificial environment and non-living things. On the other hand, there were many pictures expressed as pollutions of waste, air and water in the pictures of the 'negative environment'. Comparison of environmental perception between rural and urban students showed a significant difference all in the two criteria. There was, however, no difference in the environmental perception between grades. Therefore, it is suggested that student's minds about the sentimental situation can be studied and they can be guided in positive directions to lead their future life in environment-friendly education rather than pollution education.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.11 no.3_4
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• pp.83-93
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• 2000

The effect of immediate and delayed recognition memory on event-related potential (ERP) was studied using a continuous recognition memory task and event-related potential (ERP). Among 240 stimulus words 40 words were not repeated. 100 were immediately repeated and 100 were repeated after 5 intervening words. All words presented only once during the experiment were referred to as new words. Subjects responded faster and more accurately to words repeated immediately than to new words a and to those repeated after intervening words. In terms of ERP results the immediately repeated words were associated with large P300 amplitude, early P300 latency and a absence of N400. while words repeated after a delay were associated with small P300 a amplitude. late P300 latency and the presence of N400. N400 was elicited only to new w words and to those repeated after a delay. The general morphology of the waveform was s similar for three stimulus-presentation conditions until around 3l0ms after the onset of stimulus. These results indicate that immediate and delayed recognition memory could be dissociated into two distinct processes possibly being mediated by different cerebral mechanism, and the dissociation between two types of recognition memory emerges around 3l0ms poststim'ulus. The immediate and delayed recognition memory for words are considered in terms of template matching and memory searching.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.995-1000
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• 2014

This study, using the free language association method, examined the characteristics of emotional words of respondents who were exposed to facial photos of women in 60s, and favorableness and favorable styles of them. To analyze mood characteristics on the faces, they were divided into positive mood words and negative mood words. Following previous researches, they were divided into introversion, extraversion, and ambiversion. It was found that the proportion of positive emotional words respondents used was 37%, and that of negative ones was 63%, demonstrating that respondents are more likely than not to get the negative impressions from the faces of their contemporaries. The characteristics of the words consists of 38% introversion, 47% extraversion, and 14% ambiversion. And, respondents used the words like 'beautiful' and 'good-looking' to the stimuli to which they felt favorable, and 'ill-tempered' and 'stubborn' to the stimuli to which they felt unfavorable. Third, the most favorable style to both male and female respondents in 60s were sentimental and good-mannered. They generally favor women who are soft and caring, and dislike talkative, snobbish, and thick make-up women. The analysis results in this paper may help image making and personal relations. Further study needs to expand the survey area to ensure more significant influence on the social life and interpersonal relationship of senior citizens.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.449-467
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• 2011

This study was designed to examine the influence of task appropriate processing on prospective memory(PM). The TAP was manipulated with list type within study phase and association category type among PM target words. Associated word lists used for ongoing task were consisted of semantically associated lists and orthographically associated lists. Target words for PM task were consisted of city names or words for ending with the letter of '도'. According to the TAP view, PM performance would be better in the condition of task appropriate processing rather than in the condition of task inappropriate processing. Total fifty students volunteered for two experiments for the present study. The main finding was that PM performance was influenced by the task appropriate processing with ongoing task. In other words, PM performance was facilitated when association type between ongoing list and PM target word was same. Second, ongoing task performance was also influenced by task appropriated processing. These results were discussed in task appropriated processing theory and previous studies.