• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.593-600
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• 2021

In this paper, we present the FlappyBird Competition System (FCS) implementation, a competition-based automated assessment system used in an entry-level artificial intelligence (AI) course at a university. The proposed system provides an evaluation method suitable for AI courses while taking advantage of automated assessment methods. Students are to design a neural network structure, train the weights, and tune hyperparameters using the given reinforcement learning code to improve the overall performance of game AI. Students participate using the resulting trained model during the competition, and the system automatically calculates the final score based on the ranking. The user evaluation conducted after the semester ends shows that our competition-based automated assessment system promotes active participation and inspires students to be interested and motivated to learn AI. Using FCS, the instructor significantly reduces the amount of time required for assessment.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.796-811
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• 2006

This paper aims to develop methodology and indicators to review effective competition in Korean mobile telecommunication market. After examining strengths and weaknesses of other countries' experiences, we proposed several indicators for the assessment of competition. Developed from criteria such as transparency, regulation cost, policy objectives, proposed indicators comprise market structure, behaviour of sellers and consumers, and consumer benefits. These indicators are applied to the Korean mobile market. During the period 2001-2004, 'the competition assessment index' increased steadily, meaning the state of competition was aggravated during this period.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.18-24
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• 2022

State highway agencies (SHAs) typically apply a competitive procurement procedure to select contractors for their design-bid-build projects. Since the level of competition affects construction bid prices and project outcomes, the Federal Highway Agency (FHWA) suggests SHAs seek ways to improve competition among contractors continuously. However, they rarely conduct an empirical assessment of the current competition level necessary to identify room for improvement. Besides the number of bidders on a project, other factors such as winning or losing rates among the contractors in previous projects can also indicate the degree of competition; only a few contractors may have won the majority of the projects in a specific region. However, few studies have investigated such factors. This paper proposes a network analysis-based approach to evaluating contractor competition levels of highway projects using historical bid tabulation data. The proposed method provides insights into overall competition levels, the determination of competitive contractors, and winning rate distribution among contractors.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.103-135
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• 2013

This paper provides consistent understanding between the economic rationale of the 'efficiency' and 'failing firm' defenses and the conditions that the defenses require in the merger assessment process, focusing on two main concepts, 'enhancing competition' and 'counterfactual'. This paper states that the economic rationale of the 'efficiency' defense rests on the effect of enhancing competition rather than on the improvement of efficiency itself. Regarding the 'failing firm' defense, the rationale is stated that competition would not deteriorate even when the merger proceeds compared to the counterfactual where it is prohibited. This understanding reflects not only recent international discussion but also the merger guidelines of advanced competition authorities. It also consistently explains the requirements of the defenses. Finally, this paper includes some comments on the Merger Review Guideline of Korea for its improvement based on various domestic merger cases.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

The paper focuses on a type of mathematics competence noted as synthetic. It is needed for success in multiple choice competition problems and it is crucial for the further development of advanced school students. The concept of synthetic competence includes a large fraction of mathematical competences, but also competences and skills related to informatics and linguistics. The general structure of a multiple choice competition is considered as the first level of assessment of the mathematics component of the synthetic competence. As the second level under consideration is the set of complex tasks in a competition test any of which is a bouquet of ideas. Our standpoint on the didactic specifics and goals of the two levels in perspective of the gifted education is briefly presented in the article and some examples are given.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.26-33
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• 2022

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper empirically investigates the competition effect of exports between Korea and China in their common-export markets considering market sophistication. Modern market sophistication includes an importing country's aggregate demand for products of high quality, design, novelty, eco-friendliness, and even IPR protection. Using an empirical analysis to identify the demand for product quality across countries, this paper estimates the effects of market sophistication on the competition between Korean exports and Chinese products. Design/Methodology - Our empirical model considers the relationship between an importing country's consumer sophistication and the export competition between Korea and China. This study employs the existing theoretical framework to identify the aggregate demand for product quality across countries. Using a quite direct measurement (the consumer sophistication index, our analysis investigates the differential effects of Korea's export market sophistication, particularly in markets where Korean exports are in competition with similar Chinese products. Findings - Our main findings can be summarized as follows: the negative effects of the export competition between Korea and China on Korea's exports are stronger in third markets where consumers are less sophisticated while the effects are not as pronounced in markets where consumers are more sophisticated. This result, however, best applies to differentiated goods which significantly vary in product quality. Originality/value - Existing studies focus on the supply side of production and make the assumption that the market preference for export quality is identical across countries. This paper attempts to evaluate the export competition between Korea and China from the demand-side perspective. This area of trade studies is underexplored both empirically and in theory, although the issue has long been important to Korean and world trade.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.44
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• pp.63-101
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• 2013

This article firstly explores into the concepts, components, and pictures of institutional realization of competition and diversity respectively on the premise that competition and diversity comprise the primary objectives to be pursued by the broadcasting-related laws which provide the concrete measures of media policy, and argues that while the competition objective has differentiation factors, there are also particularities in the diversity value in the broadcasting-related laws as sector-specific competition laws. Then assuming that special competition rules including structural regulatory measures particularly in the broadcasting market are required in order to realize values of competition and diversity harmoniously, this article suggests the following improvement directions for regulations aimed at protection of competition and diversity in the broadcasting-related laws. The first one is with the improvement method for regulations aimed at protection of competition. Regulation on share of audience as an ex ante regulation of status and regulation on prohibited activities as an ex post regulation of conduct may play important roles in substituting the causative regulation while seeking for diversity value. For this purpose, it is needed to develop a concrete method that incorporates diversity-related factors as consideration factors in the standard for determining illegality of prohibited activities by inference to methods of determining illegality in the competition law. The second one is with the improvement method for regulations aimed at protection of diversity. This could be considered from three viewpoints that are the setting of regulatory objectives, the identification of alternative regulatory measures, and the choice of regulatory measures and levels suitable for regulatory objectives. From these viewpoints, the regulatory framework should be improved mainly with institutional measures in which diversity value is used for tools of assessment and analysis, not just remaining as mere rhetorical devices, and whether or to what extent to maintain regulations seemingly unreasonable in terms of harmonization with economic objectives such as competition should be discreetly reviewed.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.37-40
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• 2015

Purpose - Investors, creditors, governments, and others make decisions using reasonable information provided by others. In many cases, the users of this information have goals and objectives conflicting with those of the information's producers, indicating the need for external auditors. Research design, data, and methodology - Competition in auditing has noticeably intensified globally, especially in developed countries. This means that auditors are striving to increase the efficiency of their methods. In recent years, risk-based auditing has become prominent among these efforts. In risk-assessment auditing, the auditor may directly affect the effectiveness and efficiency of the audit. Results - As a central framework, the risk assessment process improves audit quality and effectiveness such that the audit will lead to necessary changes. Previous studies have shown that risk assessment affects the nature, timing, and content of audit procedures. Conclusions - In the planning stage of an audit, audit risk assessment may identify any inappropriate or inefficient distribution of resources or determine whether the results of an audit will be ineffective or incorrect. Thus, assessing audit risk is a critical task.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.237-261
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• 2006

Under circumstances with increasing uncertainty, strategic flexibility has become an essential point on which my R&D management system should be based. Unfortunately the present R&D management system for government sponsored R&D programs cannot be said to be so flexible to adapt appropriately to various threatens such as technological failure, a severe change in competition environment, and so on. In this paper a new scheme for R&D planning and economic assessment with strategic flexibility is suggested and applied to a real R&D program. In the newly suggested R&D management system, economic valuation based on real option theory is performed for various alternative scenarios which have different strategic scheme for R&D process each and the result of the assessment is fed back to R&D planning to choose more superior strategic scheme. Introducing strategic flexibility into R&D planning and economic assessment, the value of R&D project could be remarkably enhanced.