• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.108-112
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• 1996

저자들은 약 1년전에 산불진화작업중에 무엇인가 목으로 넘어가는 것을 감지하였으나 별 증상이 없이 지내던 중 내원 3개월 전부터 간헐적인 발열을 주소로 입원한 환자에서, 기관지내시경상 우측 상엽 후분절에 위치한 나뭇가지로 인한 폐염 1예를 경험하였가에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.534-539
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• 2012

Background Autologous fat grafting evolved over the twentieth century to become a quick, safe, and reliable method for restoring volume. However, autologous fat grafts have some problems including uncertain viability of the grafted fat and a low rate of graft survival. To overcome the problems associated with autologous fat grafts, we used uncultured adipose tissue-derived stromal cell (stromal vascular fraction, SVF) assisted autologous fat grafting. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of SVF in a clinical trial. Methods SVF cells were freshly isolated from half of the aspirated fat and were used in combination with the other half of the aspirated fat during the procedure. Between March 2007 and February 2008, a total of 9 SVF-assisted fat grafts were performed in 9 patients. The patients were followed for 12 weeks after treatment. Data collected at each follow-up visit included clinical examination of the graft site(s), photographs for historical comparison, and information from a patient questionnaire that measured the outcomes from the patient perspective. The photographs were evaluated by medical professionals. Results Scores of the left facial area grafted with adipose tissue mixed with SVF cells were significantly higher compared with those of the right facial area grafted with adipose tissue without SVF cells. There was no significant adverse effect. Conclusions The subjective patient satisfaction survey and surgeon survey showed that SVF-assisted fat grafting was a surgical procedure with superior results.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 1996년도 10월 학술대회지
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• pp.390-398
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• 1996

Acoustic analysis study was performed on 20 normal subjects by speaking nonsense syllables composed of Korean bilabial stops(/p, $p^{*}$/, ph/) and their Preceding and/or following vowel /a/(that is, [pa, $p^{*}a$, pha, apa, $ap^{*}a$, apha]) with an ultraminiature pressure sensor in their mouths. Speech materials were phonated twice, once with a moderate voice, another time with a loud voice. The acoustic signal and intraoral pressure were recorded simultaneously on computer. By these procedures, we were to measure the intraoral pressure, closure duration and VOT of Korean bilabial stops, and to compare the values one another according to the intensity of phonation and the position of the target consonants. Intraoral pressure was measured by the peak intraoral pressure value of its wave; closure duration by the time interval between the onset of intraoral pressure build-up and the burst meaning the release of closure; Voice onset time(VOT) by the time interval between the burst and the onset of glottal vibration. Heavily aspirated bilabial stop consonant /ph/ showed the highest intraoral pressure value, unaspirated /p$^{*}$/, the second, slightly aspirated /p/, the lowest. The syllable initial bilabial stops showed higher intraoral pressure than word initial stops, and the value of loudly phonated consonants were higher than moderate consonants. The longest closure duration period was that of /$p^{*}$/ and the shortest, /p/, and the duration was longer in word initial position and in the moderate voice. In VOT, the order of the longest to shortest was /ph/, /p/, /$p^{*}$/, and the value was shorter when the consonant was in intervocalic position and when it was phonated with a loud voice.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2017

This study aimed to examine how Korean-English bilinguals make use of VOT and F0 cues in perception and production of Korean (lenis vs. aspirated) and English (voiced vs. voiceless) stops. It was explored whether bilinguals with extensive experience living in the U.S. exhibit native-like or interactive patterns in the cue use for both languages. Participants produced monosyllabic word-initial stops within a carrier sentence in each language, and performed forced-choice identification tasks with synthesized stimuli varying in 7 VOT steps and 7 F0 steps with base tokens of /$t^han$/ for Korean and /$t{\ae}n$/ for English. Listeners were required to select either /tan/ or /$t^han$/ for Korean and either /$d{\ae}n$/ or /$t{\ae}n$/ for English. The results from binary logistic regression analyses for each listener indicated that all bilinguals placed greater weight on F0 than VOT when distinguishing between the Korean lenis and aspirated stops, and greater weight on VOT than F0 in distinguishing between the English voiced and voiceless stops. In terms of production, all participants showed remarkably overlapping ranges in the VOT dimension and separating ranges in the F0 dimension for the stop contrast of Korean, while forming overlapping ranges in the F0 dimension and separating ranges in the VOT dimension for the stop contrast of English. These results indicate that the bilinguals with extensive exposure to L2 manage the stop systems of the two languages independently, both in perception and production, employing the opposite cue use for stops in the two languages. It was also found that the absolute beta-coefficient values of the perceptual cues for Korean stops were generally smaller than those for English and those reported in a previous study as for later bilinguals, which may have resulted from Korean not being their dominant language.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.308-312
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• 2017

Background Donor site seroma is the most common complication after latissimus dorsi (LD) flap harvest. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in preventing donor site seroma formation after the harvest of an LD flap for breast reconstruction. Methods In this prospective matched-pair study, 40 patients in whom an LD flap was harvested for breast reconstruction were enrolled. NPWT was used in 20 patients, and in a control group composed of another 20 patients, the conventional donor site dressing technique was used. Information was collected regarding postoperative complications, the incidence of seroma, total drainage volume, the number of percutaneous seroma aspirations, and the volume aspirated. Results In the NPWT group, the incidence of seroma formation after drain removal was significantly lower than in the control group (15% vs. 70%; odds ratio=0.07; relative risk, 0.24). Both the mean percutaneous aspirated volume (P =0.004) and the number of percutaneous aspirations (P=0.001) were also significantly lower in the NPWT group. There were no significant differences in the total drainage volume or the duration of wound drainage between the NPWT dressing group and the control group (P>0.05). Conclusions This study showed that NPWT is a promising tool for reducing the incidence of seroma formation after removing the drain at the donor site after LD flap harvesting. It is a simple and safe technique.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 1996

Acoustic analysis study was performed on 20 normal subjects by speaking nonsense syllables composed of Korean bilabial stops$(/P, P^{\star}, P^{h}/)$ and their preceding and/or following vowel /a/ (that is, $[pa, p^{\star}a, p^{h}a, apa, ap^{\star}a, ap^{h}a]$) with an ultraminiature pressure, sensor. in their mouths. Speech materials were phonated twice, once with a moderate voice, another time with a loud voice. The acoustic signal and intraoral pressure were recorded simultaneously on computer. By these procedures, we were to measure the intraoral pressure, closure duration and VOT of Korean bilabial stops, and to compare the values one another according to the intensity of phonation and the position of the target consonants. Intraoral pressure was measured by the peak intraoral pressure value of Its wave closure duration by the time interval between the onset of intraoral pressure build-up and the burst meaning the release of closure ; Voice onset time(VOT) on by the time interval between the burst and the onset or glottal vibration. Heavily aspirated bilabial stop consonant /$p^h$/ showed the highest intraoral pressure value, unaspirated /$p^{\star}$/, the second, slightly aspirated /P/, the lowest. The syllable initial bilabial stops showed higher intraoral pressure than word initial stops, and the value of loudly phonated consonants were higher than moderate consonants. The longest closure duration period was that of /$p^{\star}$/ and the shortest, /P/, and the duration was longer in word initial position and in the moderate voice. In VOT, the order of the longest to shortest was $/{p^h}/, /p/, /{p^\star}/$, and the value was shorer when the consonant was in intervocalic position and when it was phonated with a loud voice.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.35-47
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of Chinese high and level vs. rising tone on the pitch pattern of corresponding Sino-Korean words delivered by Chinese learners of Korean and to examine the aspects how these two tones of corresponding Chinese words affect the pitch patterns of Sino-Korean words. Scope of this research is limited to the Chinese learners of Korean, especially when they pronounce same-form-same-meaning Sino-Korean words. In this study, Chinese learners pronounced both Chinese words and corresponding Sino-Korean words. By using the software learners' pitch pattern were recorded, analyzed, and compared with the tone of corresponding Chinese words. Experimental results showed that Sino-Korean words were affected by Chinese 'high and level tone - high and level tone', 'high and level tone - rising tone', 'high and level tone - falling-rising tone', 'high and level tone - falling tone' and 'rising tone - falling tone' when they started with lenis sounds. On the other hand when Sino-Korean words started with aspirated sounds they were affected by Chinese 'rising tone - high and level tone', 'rising tone - rising tone', 'rising tone - falling-rising tone', 'rising tone - falling tone'. In conclusion, the Chinese learners' pitch patterns of Sino-Korean words are affected by both Chinese high and level & rising tone, especially when Sino-Korean words started with lenis sounds they were more affected by Chinese high and level tone, on the other hand Chinese rising tone influence Sino-Korean words more when they were started with aspirated sounds.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

The current scenario of the transportation sector reflects the urgent need to address issues such as depletion of traditional fuel reserves and ever growing pollution levels. Researchers around the world are focussing on alternatives as well as optimisation of currently employed devices to reduce the pollution levels generated by the commonly used fuels. One such optimisation involves the study of air flow within the intake manifolds of SI engines. It is a well-known fact that alterations in the air manifolds of engines have a significant impact on the engine performance parameters, fuel consumption and emission levels. Previous works have demonstrated the impacts of runner lengths, diameter, plenum volume, taper angle of distribution manifolds and other factors on in-cylinder fluid motion and engine performance. However, a static setup provides an optimal configuration only at a specific engine speed. This paper aims to investigate the variations in the same parameters on a four stroke, naturally aspirated single cylinder SI engine through varying the cross section design over the intake runner with the aid of Computational Fluid Dynamics. The system consists of segments that form the intake runner with projections on the inside that allow various permutations of the intake runner segments. The various configurations provide the optimised fluid flow characteristics within the intake manifold at specific engine speed intervals. The variations such as turbulence, air fuel mixing are analysed using the three dimensional CFD software FLUENT. The results can be used further for developing an automated or manually adjustable intake manifold.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.834-839
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• 2010

Purpose: This study investigates Korean speech sound development, including articulatory error patterns, among the Japanese-Korean children whose mothers are Japanese immigrants to Korea. Methods: The subjects were 28 Japanese-Korean children with normal development born to Japanese women immigrants who lived in Jeonbuk province, Korea. They were assessed through Computerized Speech Lab 4500. The control group consisted of 15 Korean children who lived in the same area. Results: The values of the voice onset time of consonants /$p^h$/, /t/, /$t^h$/, and/$k^*$/ among the children were prolonged. The children replaced the lenis sounds with aspirated or fortis sounds rather than replacing the fortis sounds with lenis or aspirated sounds, which are typical among Japanese immigrants. The children showed numerous articulatory errors for /c/ and /I/ sounds (similar to Koreans) rather than errors on /p/ sounds, which are more frequent among Japanese immigrants. The vowel formants of the children showed a significantly prolonged vowel /o/ as compared to that of Korean children ($P$<0.05). The Japanese immigrants and their children showed a similar substitution /n/ for /ɧ/ [Japanese immigrants (62.5%) vs Japanese-Korean children (14.3%)], which is rarely seen among Koreans. Conclusion: The findings suggest that Korean speech sound development among Japanese-Korean children is influenced not only by the Korean language environment but also by their maternal language. Therefore, appropriate language education programs may be warranted not only or immigrant women but also for their children.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 1990

Ultrasonically guided oocyte collection gradually replaces laparoscope in many IVF center. In present study, we compare the efficacy of both methods in our IVF program. Totally 377 cycles which were undertaken in vitro fertilization treatment were divided into 2 groups. Ultrasonically guided transvaginal follicular aspiration was performed in 188 cycles and laparoscopic follicular aspiration was performed in 189 cycles under local anesthesisa. The mean age for both groups was similar. Follicular recruitment was achieved with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) or a com bination of clomiphene citrate and hMG or a combination of FSH and hMG. In the ultrasonically guided aspiration group, 1821 follicles were aspirated with 61.8% of recovery rate (1125 oocytes), 81.5% of embryo transfer rate (145 cycles) and (17%), 26 cases intrauterine pregnancies were estabilished. In the laparoscopic group, 604 follicles were aspirated with 68.7% recovery rate (445 oocytes) and a 79.9% ET rate (127 cycles), 11 cases (8.7%) intrauterine pregnancies were estabilished. A valid comparison of these data is not possible because the 2 groups are dissimilar for factors known to influence oocyte development and recovery. No statistically significant differences could be demonstrated between 2 groups in all but the recovery rate and clinical pregnancy rate, In ultrasound group, the clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher than that of laparoscope group. The potentially detrimental effect of CO2 pnemoperitonium present during laparoscope but not in ultrasound guided recovery on ova quality may underlie the observed difference in the clinical pregnancy rate between the 2 groups. Ultrasound guided aspiration seems to be as effective as laparoscopy in terms of oocyte retrieval and conception rate. Furthermore, the procedure is simple and inexpensive, it may replace laparoscopy as a method for oocyte collection in most patients who undergo IVF.