• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to characterize the mRNA expression profile of type IIb sodium-inorganic phosphate cotransporter (NaPi-IIb) and the biochemical values of serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP), calcium, inorganic phosphorus, tibial ash and minerals of broiler chickens with aging. Methods: A total of 56 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broiler chickens were used. Broiler chickens were weighed and samples were collected weekly from day 1. Results: The result showed that before the growth inflection point, ash, calcium, and phosphorus content in the tibia of broiler chickens increased with growth (before 3 weeks of age), although there were no significant differences in chicks at different ages in the later period of the experiment and weight gain rate was relatively slow at this stage (4 to 6 weeks). NaPi-IIb gene expression in the small intestine in the early growth stage was higher than that in the later growth stage. Expression of calbindin and the vitamin D receptor protein in the intestinal mucosa increased with age in the duodenum and jejunum. Serum AKP activity first increased and subsequently decreased after peaking at 1 week of age, but there was no significant difference after 3 weeks of age. Conclusion: These results show that compared with the early growth stage, the weight-gain rate of broiler chickens in the late growth stage gradually decreased with gradual tibia maturation, along with weaker positive transport of phosphorus in the intestine and reinforced re-absorption of phosphorus in the kidney, which might be the reason that phosphorus requirement in the late growth stage was decreased.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.249-254
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• 1992

본 연구는 다양한 수준의 석탄회 시용이 옥수수의 생육 및 수량, 토양의 화학적 특성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 유연탄회의 시용은 출사기 옥수수의 초장을 증가시켰고, 무연탄회는 수확기 옥수수의 간장, 건물율등을 증가시켰다. 석탄회의 시용이 옥수수의 생육환경에 미치는 영향은 석탄회의 종류, 시용량, 생육시기에 따라 크게 영향을 받지 않았으나, 무처리구와 비교하여 옥수수의 생육에 나쁜영향을 초래하지 않았다. 옥수수의 수량은 무연탄회 시용에 의해 유의성있게 증가하였고, 기타 수량구성요소들은 석탄회의 시용에 의해 악영향을 받지 않았다. 석탄회의 종류와 시용량에 따라 다소의 차이는 있지만 석탄회의 시용으로 수확기 토양의 총탄소함량, 염기치환용량, 유효태 인산함량등이 유의성있게 증가되었다. 치환성 양이온의 경우는 실험오차 범위내에서 다소 변이를 보여주었다. 옥수수에 의해 흡수된 인산함량은 유연탄회 처리에 의해 증가되었고, 인산의 흡수량과 토양중 인산함량 사이에는 정의 상관관계가 있었다. 흡수된 양이온함량은 석탄회의 종류와 시용량에 따라 다소 변이를 보여주었으나, 석탄회에 의해 현저히 감소된 경향은 없었다. 석탄회의 시용이 작물체의 생육 및 양분흡수에 미치는 영향은 1년의 포장시험을 통해 그 효과를 구명하기 어렵다고 사료되나, 석탄회의 시용은 양분흡수에 악영향을 미치지 않았고, 일부 생육상황, 수량구성요소, 영양소의 흡수는 조장되었다. 석탄회의 비효적 기치를 판단하기 위하여, 다양한 토양환경 조건과 작물을 대상으로 계속적인 연구가 수행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.247-262
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• 1979

Majority of reclaimable soils in hillside lands in Korea are red yellow soils, with exception in Jeju island, where most of reclaimable hillside lands are composed of volcanic ash soils. Songjeong, Yesan and Samgag series are the major soil series of red yellow soils which are available for the reclamation. When observed in the fields, they are distinguished as reddish brown clay loam, red yellow sand loam and yellowish brown sand loam. They have moderately good physical properties but their chemical properties are generally poor for crop cultivations. The chemical properties of red yellow soils, as compared to long time cultivated (matured) soils, are characterized by very low pH, high in exchangeable Al content and phosphorus fixation capacity. Also extraodinary low available phosphorus and organic matter contents are generally observed. On the other, the chemical properties of volcanic ash soils are characterized by high armophous Fe and Al hydroxides and organic matter contents, which are the causative factors for the extremely high phosphorus fixation capacity of the soils. The phosphorus fixation capacity of volcanic acid soils are as high as 5-10 times of that of red yellow soils. Poor growth of crops on newly reclaimed red yellow soils are mainly caused by very low available P and pH and high exchangeable Al. Relatively high P fixation capacity renders the failure of effective use of applied P when the amount of application is not sufficient. Applications of lime to remove the exchangeable Al and relatively large quantity of P to lower the P fixation capacity and to increase the available P are the major recommendations for the increased crop production on red yellow hillside soils. Generally recommendable amounts of lime and P to meet the aforementioned requirements, are 200-250kg/10a of lime and $30-35kg\;P_2O_5/10a$. Over doses of lime. frequently induces the K, B, arid Zn deficiencies and lowers the uptake of P. In volcanic ash soils, it is difficult to alter the exchangeable Al and the P fixation capacity by liming and P application. This may be due to the peculiarity of volcanic ash soil in chemical properties. Because of this feature, the amelioration of volcanic ash soils is not as easy as in the case of red yellow soils. Application of P as high as $100kg\;P_2O_5/10a$ is needed to bring forth the significant yield response in barley. Combined applications of appropriate levels of P, lime, and organic matter, accompanied by deep plowing, results in around doubling of the yields of various crops on newly reclaimed red yellow soils.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2008

농경지 인산유출 저감을 위한 석탄회-석고의 적정혼합비를 실내시험을 통해서 선발하고 이를 논토양에서 적용 가능성을 평가하였다. 석탄회-석고 혼합제 시용은 두 토양(LS, SiL)에서 토양 중 dissolved reactive P(DRP) 함량을 현저히 감소 시켰다. 그러나 석탄회-석고 혼합비 75:25, 50:50 및 25:75 처리간에 토양 중 DRP 감소 효과는 큰 차이가 없었다. 따라서 석탄회-석고 75:25 혼합제 0, 20, 40, 60 Mg $ha^{-1}$를 논 토양에 시용하여 벼 재배 기간동안 DRP 함량과 수확 후 형태별 인산 함량변화를 조사하였다. 혼합제 시용량 증가에 따라서 토양 중 DRP 함량은 감소하였으나, 수확 후 토양 중 Ca-P 함량은 혼합제 시용량 증가에 따라서 증가되었다. 그리고 혼합제 시용량 증가에 따라서 토양 중 유효인산, 유효규산 및 치환성 칼슘 함량이 현저히 증가되었다. 따라서 석탄회-석고 혼합제는 토양 중 인산의 용해도를 감소 시켜 농경지로부터 인산유출을 저감시킴과 동시에 토양 비옥도 증진에 우수한 제재로 평가되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.220-224
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• 2008

The need for refining dietary nutrient levels and limited information regarding Holstein steer and phosphorus supplementation led to the objective of examining the response of removing supplemental dietary phosphorus from a corn-based finishing diet offered to yearling Holstein steers. Two groups of yearling Holstein steers were utilized to study responses of increasing dietary phosphorus level during the finishing period. In Exp. 1, 96 Holstein steers (419 kg) were blocked into four weight groups. Dietary treatments included no additional phosphorus (NDC) or the inclusion of dicalcium phosphate (DCP) to achieve 0.30% phosphorus (P) in the complete diet. Daily gain, DMI and carcass traits were not different (p>0.05). Overall gain efficiency was slightly lower for NDC (p<0.05). Exp. 2 consisted of 78 Holstein steers (491 kg) blocked into two weight groups. Steers were harvested on d 84 and 112 d on test with carcass data collected following a 48-h chill. No differences (p>0.05) were detected for DMI, ADG, or gain efficiency. No differences (p>0.05) were detected in carcass characteristics in this experiment. Percent bone ash, calcium, P, and bending moment also did not differ among treatments (p>0.05). Removing supplemental phosphorus in the feedlot diet did not produce adverse effects on steer performance, carcass, or rib bone characteristics for yearling Holstein steers.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.93-97
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• 1981

4종(種)의 제주도 토양에 인산질비료(燐酸質肥料)를 시용(施用)한후 무기태인산(無機態燐酸)의 형태별(形態別) 함량변화와 수종 침출액(浸出液)에 의한 유효인산(有效燐酸) 침출량(浸出量)을 실내실험으로 조사(調査)하여 비교(比較) 검토한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 총인산에 대한 무기태인산(無機態燐酸)의 비율(比率)은 토양종류에 따라 달라 Al-P는 6.9-28.8%, Fe-P는 24.1~26.9%, Ca-P는 7.4~11.9% 범위이며 유효인산(有效燐酸)은 0.7-8.0%로 매우 낮았다. 2. 토양종류별로 인산(燐酸)을 시용(施用)한 후(後) 60일후(日後)에 조사(調査)한 토양인산의 형태별(形態別) 조성(組成)을 본 결과(結果) 흑색토(黑色土)에서는 Al-P>Fe-P> Ca-P, 농암갈색토(濃暗褐色土)에서는 Fe-P> Al-P> Ca-P, 암갈색토(暗褐色土)에서는 Fe-P> Ca-P> Al-P. 적황색토(赤黃色土)에서는 Fe-P> Al-P> Ca-P의 순(順)으로 나타나 토양별 차이(差異)가 있었다. 3. 5종(種)의 침출액(浸出液)으로 토양별 유효인산(有效燐酸)을 검정한 결과(結果) Bray No.2법(法)은 토양종류에 관계없이 어느 토양에서나 침출능(浸出能)이 컸으나 그 외의 방법(方法)들은 토양의 종류별(種類別)로 침출능(浸出能)이 상이(相異)하게 나타났다. 4. 유효인산(有效燐酸) 침출방법(浸出方法)과 무기태인산(無機態燐酸) 함량(含量)과의 관계에서 Bray No.2법(法)은 Ca-P와 5%수준에서, Olsen법(法)은 Al-P, Fe-P, Ca-P 및 Total-P와 각각 1%수준에서 유의(有意)한 관계를 보였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.245-248
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• 2003

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of the Ginseng radix in osteoporosis of the oophorectomized rats. In this experiment, the rats were oophorectomized and administered the water extracts of the Ginseng radix. The spinal bone mineral density, calcium, phosphorus and ash weight of the bones were measured. The spinal bone mineral density was significantly increased in the ovariectomized (OVX)-Ginseng radix group at 8 weeks as compared to the OVX-saline group. Furthermore, the calcium and phosphorus contents of the femoral and fibula-tibia were significantly increased in the OVX-Ginseng radix group as compared to the OVX-saline group. The ash weights of the femoral and fibula-tibial bones were increases in the OVX-Ginseng Radix group, although it was not statistically significant. On reviewing these experiments, it appears that the Ginseng radix possess efficacy for the prevention of osteoporosis. Further study would be of value to confirm the efficacy of the Ginseng radix for the treatment and/or prevention of osteoporosis in humans.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.691-700
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• 2019

Objective: This study was conducted to assess increasing doses of phytase added to broiler diets formulated with different levels of available phosphorus (avP), calcium (Ca), and sodium (Na), and the respective effects on performance parameters, quantitative carcass characteristics, ash and phosphorus deposition in tibia and weight of organs. Methods: Three different matrices were assumed for phytase with the following nutritional values: matrix A (MT A): 0.165% Ca, 0.150% avP, and 0.035% Na; matrix B (MT B): 0.215% Ca, 0.195% avP, and 0.045% Na; matrix C (MT C): 0.245% Ca, 0.225% avP, and 0.053% Na. There were six different diets: No phytase (formulated to meet the nutritional requirements); phytase 500 FTU/kg+MT A; phytase 1,000 FTU/kg+MT A; phytase 1,500 FTU/kg+MT A; phytase 1,000 FTU/kg+MT B and phytase 1,500 FTU/kg+MT C. Results: There was no significant phytase influence on performance, quantitative carcass characteristics, ash and phosphorus deposition in tibia and weight of the organ throughout the study period, however, it was possible to observe a tendency of improvement in body weight corrected feed conversion for broilers fed the phytase 1,500+MT C diet, where potentially these birds were more efficient on utilize phytic phosphorus and other nutrients bounded to phytate molecule, translating into improvement in performance, and there was also a non significant numerical improvement in body weight corrected feed conversion of broilers fed this diet. Conclusion: Broilers fed with diets formulated with different levels of avP, Ca, and Na and increasing doses of phytase have shown no change on performance, quantitative carcass characteristics, ash and phosphorus deposition in tibia and weight of organs.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.180-186
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• 1998

A 10-week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the phosphorus requirement of juvenile Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). Three replicate groups of fish initially averaging 4.2g were fed the semipurified experimental diets containing graded levels of $NaH_2PO_4\;\cdot\;2H_2O$ to provide from $0.1\%$ to $1.32\%$ total phosphorus level in a flow-through seawater system. Korean rockfish muscle and casein were used as the protein sources of the basal diet. Weight gain, feed efficiency and protein retention of fish fed the $0.35\%$ phosphorus were higher than those of fish fed the $0.1\%$ phosphorus, although no significant improvements $(P>0.01)$ were observed above the level. Determined phosphorus requirement using the broken line model was found to be $0.3\%$ for weight gain. Moisture, protein and lipid contents of whole body and muscle were not affected by dietary phosphorus levels $(P>0.01)$. Lipid contents of liver in fish fed the $0.1\%$ phosphorus were lower than those in fish fed the $0.35\%$ and $1.32\%$ phosphorus $(P<0.01)$. Dietary phosphorus increased ash and phosphorus contents of the whole body, while those of bone were not affected $(P>0.01)$. The data obtained in this study indicate that a $0.3\%$ dietaryphosphorus level could be recommended for the optimum growth and efficient nutrient utilization of juvenile Korean rockfish.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.396-403
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• 2016

The aim was to determine the relative bioavailability of phosphorus (P) in peas for 21-day old broiler chickens using slope-ratio assay. One hundred and sixty eight male Ross 308 broiler chicks were divided into 42 groups 4 balanced for body weight and fed 7 diets in a completely randomized design (6 groups/diet) from day 1 to 21 of age. The diets were a corn-soybean meal basal diet, and the corn-soybean meal basal diet to which monosodium phosphate, brown- or yellow-seeded pea was added at the expense of cornstarch to supply 0.5% or 1% total phosphorus. Monosodium phosphate was included as a reference, and hence the estimated bioavailability of P in pea cultivars was relative to that in the monosodium phosphate. Birds and feed were weighed weekly and on d 21 they were killed to obtain tibia. The brown-seeded pea contained 23.4% crude protein, 0.47% P, whereas the yellow-seeded pea contained 24.3% crude protein and 0.38% P. Increasing dietary P supply improved (p<0.05) chick body weight gain and tibia ash and bone density. The estimated relative bioavailability of p values for brown- and yellow-seeded peas obtained using final body weight, average daily gain, tibia ash, and bone mineral density were 31.5% and 36.2%, 35.6% and 37.3%, 23.0% and 5.60%, and 40.3% and 30.3%, respectively. The estimated relative bioavailability of p values for brown- and yellow-seeded peas did not differ within each of the response criteria measured in this study. In conclusion, the relative bioavailability of P in pea did not differ depending on the cultivar (brown- vs yellow-seed). However, the relative bioavailability of P in pea may vary depending on the response criterion used to measure the bioavailability.