• Korea Trade Review
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.173-194
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• 2021

This study aims to derive precaution points for issuing banks in refusing payment under L/C through literature review and examination of court cases and official opinions of ICC Banking Commission with regard to the provisions of article 16 of UCP 600 that stipulates obligations of issuing banks in refusing payment. If the issuing bank fails to act in accordance with this article, it shall be precluded from claiming that the documents do not constitute a complying presentation. Therefore, it is crucial that issuing banks should be well informed of this article. When discrepant documents are presented, however, issuing banks seldom refuse payment because, in most cases, the applicants waive the discrepancies. For this reason, issuing banks have few chances to deal with payment refusal in practice and thus they occasionally end up failing to observe the provisions of the article. Such court cases include Kookmin Bank and Korean Exchange Bank (currently Hana Bank) that failed to indicate discrepancies in the refusal notice losing the lawsuits. It should be noted that if issuing banks disregard the provisions of article 16 of UCP 600 and thus fail to indicate discrepancies in the refusal notice, they may face fatal situations in which they must make payment against discrepant documents.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.1202-1207
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• 2011

This article introduces the benchmarking methodologies, the results of comparative analysis on the railway electricity maintenance management - preventive maintenance, corrective maintenance, upgrade maintenance. This article also compares the Korean railway electricity maintenance management with the results mentioned above and analyses the situations of each country - France, Germany, Japan. Lastly this article tries to find the comparative position of the Korean railway infrastructure costs and discusses the direction of cost reduction in railway electricity maintenance management.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.171-189
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• 2006

This article aims to develop a model for analysing the relationships among the factors affecting the national competitiveness and to explore the future trend of Korea's national competitiveness using a system dynamics approach. For this purpose the article examines the national competitiveness indexes being published by the international institutions such as IMD and WEF. The article also demonstrates how national competitiveness may be strengthened and finally suggests that the national competitiveness should be studied systematically in the future.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.81-91
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• 2010

The article contains comparative analysis of global, regional, local mining review in comparison with the Republic of Kazakhstan. At the article is considered the condition, production and consumption raw materials in the world. For Kazakhstan this branch is one of the most important, which is defining not only the level of the economic development of the country, but also its economical safety, export potential, opportunities for further development. The article represents practical interest for students, masters, doctors, and experts of the branch.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.69-82
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• 2010

The article represents practical interest for students, masters, doctors, and experts of the branch. The article contains generalized comparative analysis of extraction and export of mineral-raw production in the Republic of Kazakhstan. At the article is considered the condition, production and consumption of metals in the world. For Kazakhstan this branch is one of the most important, which is defining not only the level of the economic development of the country, but also its economical safety, export potential, opportunities for further development.

• Korean Architects
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• v.3 no.9 s.9
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• pp.44-51
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• 1968

This article discusses at a basic level the of chimney construction. The concept, design, and operation can be understood easily. This, of course, is the first step to orderly construction. The selection of the boiler as to type, capacity, etc., was summarized in brief. The over all planning of the boiler and chimney together was the main object of this article. The architectural books covering this subject are very technical and this article tries to make the understanding of the basic principles more easy for the beginner in architecture.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.293-302
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• 2007

The present paper targets on the excessive structural article dao in the "$X^1$ + dao + si" phrases, aiming to see the possible generation of the excessive meaning. The generation of excessiveness will be analyzed from the aspect of cognition, including conceptual structure and metaphor. It will be concluded that the position indicated by si in concept plays a crucial, which then tells the importance of collocation. What is more, the comparison of dao and Southern Min kah will be made to see the degree of grammaticalization of dao.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.10 no.2 s.26
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• pp.89-102
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• 2006

The present article is dedicated to discussing the methods of teaching schoolchildren to solve creative problems. A few types of Olympiad problems were chosen as a didactic content of the article. The relevance of the choice receives proper grounding. Explanations are followed by examples from pedagogic practice. The article was written for the use of school teachers and educationalists that are researching the problem of improving creative thinking with schoolchildren.

• Korean Architects
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• v.3 no.8 s.8
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• pp.27-32
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• 1968

This article discusses at a basic level the process of chimney construction. The concept, design, and operation can be understood easily. This, of course, is the first step to orderly construction. The selection of the boiler as to type, capacity, etc. was summarized in brief. The over all planning of the boiler and chimney together was the main object of this article. The architectural books covering this subject are very technical and this article tries to make the understanding of the basic principles more easy for the beginner in architecture.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.35-52
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• 2005

This study is to design a Semantic Navigation Retrieval System for Oriental Medicine Articles based on a XTM so that people can search and use them more effectively than before. Keywords extracted from articles are categorized 4 topics : herbs, prescription, disease, and action. Keywords analysis Ontology is modeled based on 4 topics and their relations, and then represented Topic maps. Next, Article analysis Ontology is consist of title, author, keywords, abstracts and organization Topics from metadata. Keywords and Article analysis Ontology were integrated through Keywords Topic. Korean Medical Article Retrieval System is optimistic in terms on search results supporting semantic navigation in the information service aspects and easier accessibility because all related information are semantically connected with each different DBs.