• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1538-1542
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• 2006

The study was designed to investigate the effects of MokhwyangJoki-san Extract (MJSE) on the change of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in normal rats, and further to determine the mechanism of MJSE. The results in normal rats were as follows ; MJSE significantly increased rCBF in a dose-dependent manner, and MABP did not change in a dose-dependent manner. This results were suggested that MJSE significantly increased rCBF by dilating pial arterial diameter. The MJSE-induced increase in rCBF was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with methylene blue (10 ${\mu}g/kg$, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, and was not changed by indomethacin (1 ${\mu}g/kg$, i.p.), an inhibitro of cyclooxygenase. The MJSE-was not changed MABP was decreased by pretreatment with indomethacin but was not changed by methylene blue. This results were suggested that the mechanism of MJSE was mediated by guanylate cyclase.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.19-27
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• 1975

Haloperidol, a butyrophenone, was synthetized by Janssen and introduced for the treatment of psychosis. Although structurally different from the phenothiazines, the butyrophenones share many of their pharmacological properties, such as inhibition of conditioned avoidance response, blocking effect of amphetamine reaction, producing catalepsy, antishock effect and protection against the lethal effects of catecholalmines. Chlorpromazine can lower the arterial blood pressure through its adrenergic blocking activity, its direct effect in relaxing vascular smooth muscle, its direct effect in depressing the myocardium and its action in a complex manner on the central nervous system. In the case of haloperidol, however, was not clarified the mechanism of lowering the blood pressure. The present paper describes the effects of haloperidol on cardiovascular system to investigate the mechanisms of its actions on the arterial blood pressure. The results are followings; 1. In anesthetized cats, intravenous administration of haloperidol and chlorpromazine in the dose of 0.1mg/kg produced a slight decrease in the blood pressure, which followed by complete recovery within $30{\sim}60$ minutes. In the dose of 3mg/kg, however, both produced an abrupt and marked decrease of the blood pressure, which followed by delayed recovery. 2. Haloperidol in the dose ranges of 0.1mg to 3.0mg/kg tended to produce the heart rate slowing in the cats, while chlorpromazine has no effect on the rate. 3. Following administration of haloperidol or chlorpromazine, epinephrine reversal in the arterial blood pressure was observed in the cat, however the responses of norepinephrine and acetylcholine were little affected. 4. In the isolated rabbit atrium the contractility was depressed by haloperidol in the doses over 0.5mg per 100ml, but the rate was not affected. In contrast, the epinephrine-induced contractility was not depressed after haloperidol treatment. However, the increased rate of atrium by epinephrine was partially blocked after haloperidol. 5. In the isolated rabbit aortic strip, epinephrine-induced contraction was blocked by haloperidol. With the above results, it may be concluded that the hypotensive effect of haloperidol was largely due to ${\alpha}$-adrenergic blocking properties and the direct effect in depressing the myocardium as well as its action on central nervous system.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.23-31
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• 1977

It is Proposed in the Present study to investigate the effects of TTX intravenously or intrahypothalamically administered on the arterial blood pressure and respiration and also to explorc effect of intrahypothalamically administered TTX on the pressor responses to electrical stimulation in the hypothalamus. The results obtained are as follows; 1) The pressor responses to electrical stimulation in the hypothalamus were markedly reduced after administration of TTX. In the $0.01\;{\mu}g/kg$ of TTX administered group, the pressor responses were almost abolished in 6 minutes and there was no tendency toward recovery throughout the experiment. 2) In $0.01\;{\mu}g/kg$ of TTX administered group, the mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate-were gradually reduced while there was a transient increase in respiratory rate followed by slow recovery thereafter. On the other hand no changes in arterial blood pressure, heart rate an4 respiration were observed in $0.005\;{\mu}g/kg$ TTX administered group. 3) Following intravenous administration of $1\;{\mu}g/kg$ TTX, the arterial blood pressure and heart rate were slowly reduced by 60 minutes while no marked changes were found in respiration. From the results of present study it is strongly suggested that TTX exerts its depressant effect not only on peripheral nerves but also on central nervous system.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1990

Certain oriental medication have been shown to be effective in decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance and increasing cardiac output in primary pulmonary artery pressure secondary to pulmonary edema. So oleic acid was administered in 14 dogs in order to induce acute lung injury. And we studied the hemodynamics and blood gas changes of Pyengpaetang(50mg, 100mg) with continuous postive pressure was ventilation in pulmonary edema. The pulmonary edema group, arterial oxygenation was improved after 5 and $10cmH_2O$ PEEP(positive end expiratory pressure), but cardiovascular system was depressed. Blood pressure and cardiac output were decreased, and CVP, MP AP, PCWP were increased. In Pyengpaetang(50mg) group, mean aortic pressure was decreased and PCWP(pulmonary capillary wedge pressure) was decreased remarkably, while there was a significant increase in cardiac output. And there was improvement in $PaO_2$ and $PaCO_2$ without hemodynamic changes after applying 5cm $H_2O$ PEEP, but arterial blood gases$(PaO_2,\;PaCO_2)$ were improved, while cardiovascular effects were depressed after cm $H_2O$ PEEP. In Pyengpaetang(100mg) treated group, there was no significant hemodynamic change. But mean pulmonary arterial pressure was significantly increased, and cardiac output was decreased significantly after applying the more degree of PEEP. And blood gases were not changed significantly after applying the more degree of PEEP. The above results suggest that the effects of Pyengpaetang(50mg) group is superior to those of Pyengpaetang(100mg) group on the effects of hemodynamics and gas exchanges in acute lung injury in dogs. So we can conclude that lower degree PEEP 5cm $H_2O$ is more beneficial in Pyengpaetang(50mg) treated group.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.167-181
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• 2004

Objective : Carthami Flos has been used as a herb to promote blood circulation to remove blood stasis in oriental medicine for many centuries. To investigate treatment of cerebral vascular disease(CVA) by promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis(活血化瘀法), we observed the experimental Effects of Aqua-Acupuncture of Carthami Flos on the Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Mean Arterial Blood Pressure in Rats. Method : When aqua-acupuncture of Carthami Flos(ACF) was injected into LI4, Liv3, B23, B62, GV16, experimental effects of ACF on the regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure(MABP) is not known. Therefor, this study was designed to investigate the effects of ACF on the change of cerebral hemodynamics. The changes of rCBF and MABP were tested by Laser Doppler Flowmetry(LDF). Results : When ACF was injected into LI4, change of rCBF and MABP were decreased in a injected time-dependent manner. When ACF was injected into Liv3, change of rCBF and MABP were decreased in a injected time-dependent manner. When ACF was injected into B23, change of rCBF was significantly increased in a injected time-dependent manner, MABP did not change. When ACF was injected into B62, change of rCBF was increased in a injected time-dependent manner, change of MABP was significantly decreased after injection 60min. When ACF was injected into GV16, change of rCBF and MABP were similar to the change of normal. Conclusions : In conclusion, I suggested that ACF(LI4, Liv3) has an effect that depress the blood pressure & cerebral hemodynamic acceleration and ACF(B23, B62) has an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of crebral hemodynamics.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.223-227
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• 1997

The protective effect of human urinary trypsin inhibitor(UTI) on acute hemorrhagic shock in beagle dog was studied. Hemorrhagic shock was experimentally induced in thoracotomized beagle dogs by removing blood and maintaining low arterial blood pressure for 30 min, and then blood removed was entirely transfused back into the dogs within one hour. When the blood was transfused, UTI was administered together to check the potential protective effect of UTI on hemorrhagic shock. The arterial blood pressure recovery was accelerated slightly by UTI treatment. Blood pH and $P_{a co2}$ returned to normal level in shorter time in the UTI treatment group. These data suggest that UTI may have protective effects on experimentally induced hemorrhagic shock.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2008

Objectives : This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Lumbricus extract (LE) on the changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in normal rats, and further to determine the mechanism of action of LE. Methods : The changes of rCBF were observed by Laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and the changes of MABP were recorded by a data acquisition system assembled with MacLab and Macintosh. Results : LE significantly increased rCBF in a high dosage(10.0 mg/kg, i.p), but MABP was somewhat increased as compared with baseline. This result suggests that LE significantly increased rCBF by dilating pial arterial diameter. Increase of LE-induced rCBF was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with indomethacin (1 mg/kg, i.p), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, but was not significantly inhibited by pretreatment with methylene blue ($10{\mu}g/kg$, i.p), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase. Conclusions : LE increased rCBF by dilating pial arterial diameter, and the action of this response was mediated by cyclooxygenase.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1014-1020
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• 2004

The study was designed to investigate the effects of Palmul-Tang(PMT) on the change of cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), pial arterial diameter(PAD) and mean arterial blood pressure(MABP)] in normal and cerebral ischemic rats. The change of rCBF and MABP were determinated by laser-doppler flowmetry(LDF), and the change of PAD was determinated by video-microscopy. The results in normal rats were as follows ; PMT significantly increased rCBF and PAD in a dose-dependent, and PMT increased MABP in a dose-dependent. This results were suggested that PMT significantly increased rCBF by dilating PAD. The results in cerebral ischemic rats were as follows ; Both rCBF and PAD were significantly and stably increased by PMT(10㎎/㎏, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. The present authors thought that PMT had an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.485-493
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• 2005

We studied the effects of trazodone on arterial blood pressure in anesthesized guinea pigs, and on vascular responses in isolated thoracic aorta. Trazodone produced a concentration-dependent relaxation in phenylephrine-precontracted endothelium intact (+E) rings, but not in a KCl-precontracted aortic rings. These relaxant effects of trazodone on +E rings were significantly greater than those on denuded (-E) rings. The trazodone-induced relaxation was suppressed by glibenclamide and tetrabutylammonium, but not by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), methylene blue (MB), nifedipine, indomethacin, 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-n,n-diphenylcarbamate (NCDC) and clotrimazole. In vivo, infusion of trazodone elicited a significant decrease in arterial blood pressure. Trazodone-induced blood pressure lowering was markedly inhibited by intravenous pretreatment of prazosin but not by pretreatment of saponin, L-NNA, L-NAME, MB, nifedipine, glibenclamide, clotrimazole and NCDC. In addition, trazodone produced an increase in twitch force of isolated papillary muscle and left ventricular pressure of perfused heart. These findings suggest that the endothelium-independent vasorelaxant effect of trazodone may be explained by activation of $Ca^{2+}$-activated and ATP-sensitive $K^+$ channels, and the hypotensive effect of trazodone is not associated with cardiac contraction.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.287-293
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• 2009

The dried roots of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) and Sanchi (Panax notoginseng) have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation as well as various other bodily functions. Here we investigated the effects of a mixture of aqueous extracts of Danshen and Sanchi, named PASEL, on blood pressure and vascular contractility in rats. Orally administered PASEL (62.5 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg, for 5 weeks) lowered the blood pressure of spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) but this was not observed in normal Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKR). We then investigated the effects of PASEL on the arterial contraction of the small branches of cerebral arteries (CAs) and large conduit femoral arteries (FAs) in rats. PASEL did not affect high-K (KCI 60 mM)- or phenyleprine (PhE)-induced contracture of FAs. The myogenic response, a reactive arterial constriction in response to increased luminal pressure, of small CA was dose-dependently suppressed by PASEL in SHR as well as control rats. Interestingly, the KCI-induced contraction of small CAs was slowly reversed by PASEL, and this effect was more prominent in SHR than control WKR. PASEL did not inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity. These results demonstrated that the antihypertensive effect of PASEL might be primarily mediated by altering the arterial MR, not by direct inhibition of L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels or by ACE inhibition.