• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.69-86
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• 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of small-group arithmetic word problem activities with concrete materials on 5 year old children's mathematical ability and attitude. Methods: A total of 34 five-year-old children (control group 16 children, experimental group18 children) attending two kindergartens in P city participated in this study. Fifteen small-group arithmetic word problem activities with concrete materials were conducted in the classroom of the experimental group twice a week for eight weeks. Before and after the activities, all the participants individually took a basic arithmetic test, mathematical word problem solving test, and mathematical attitudes test. Results: First, we observed that the children in the experimental group achieved significantly higher scores on the mathematical ability tests, including the basic arithmetic test and mathematical word problems solving test when compared to the children in the control group. Second, we also found that children in the experimental group showed higher improvement in the mathematical attitudes test than their counterparts. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this study suggest that small-group arithmetic word problem activities with concrete materials are effective in improving children's mathematical ability and attitudes.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.345-349
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• 2011

In this work, we find the genera of arithmetic subgroups $\langle{\Gamma}_{\Delta}(N),{\Phi}\rangle$ of $GL_2^+(\mathbb{R})$ generated by congruence subgroup ${\Gamma}_{\Delta}(N)$ and the Fricke involution $\Phi$.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.95-104
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• 2014

In this research, we investigated the effect of arithmetic learning utilizing mathematical mobile application on arithmetic fluency and learning motivation of underachieving students in math. 24 4th grade math underachievers were divided into control and experimental groups. Arithmetic learning utilizing mathematical mobile application was conducted for experimental group and arithmetic learning utilizing learning worksheets was conducted for comparative group. After three weeks, the experimental group showed increase in math fluency and motivation compared to control group. Implications are discussed.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.50-59
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• 2012

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effects of high frequency electroacupuncture, low frequency electroacupuncture and manual acupuncture on the autonomic nervous system in stroke patients by using a heart rate variability measuring device. Methods: Thirty-nine participants were recruited and each participated in the high frequency electroacupuncture group, low frequency electroacupuncture group, manual acupuncture group and non-acupuncture group. Some participants received needle insertion with 100 Hz stimulation, with 2Hz stimulation and manual stimulation under mental arithmetic stress during 2 sections. Other participants maintained in the supine position without acupuncture under mental arithmetic stress during the 2 sections. Acupuncture needles were directly inserted perpendicularly to the right Liv 3 acupoint followed by delivery of electric pulses to these points for 8 minutes. Heart rate variability was measured 8 minutes before and 16 minutes after acupuncture stimulation by a heart rate variability measuring system. Results: We found a significant elevated HF total power between 1 section and 2 section and between 1 section and 4 section in the non-acupuncture group, between 3 section and 4 section in the 100Hz electroacupuncture group, and between 1 section and 2 section in the manual acupuncture group and with no change in the 2Hz electroacupuncture group. We also found a significant VLF total power between 2 section and 3 section in the 2Hz electroacupuncture group and between 1 section and 4 section and between 2 section and 4 section in the 100Hz electroacupuncture group. All four groups showed no significant differences in other parameters including heart rate mean, low-frequency power, and the ratio of low-frequency power to high-frequency power. Conclusions: This study may be a basis for research about effects of acupuncture and electroacupuncture because the parameters measured, heart rate variability, showed differences according to acupuncture.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.315-333
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• 2022

We give a general procedure to analyze the structure for certain ℂ-Fuchsian subgroups of some non-arithmetic lattices. We also show their presentations and describe their fundamental domains which lie in a complex geodesic, a set homeomorphic to the unit disk.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.139-151
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• 2006

This study was conducted to examine the effects of mathematical activities with online mathematical contents on children's arithmetic development and attitudes toward mathematical activities. Pre- and post-tests were administered to 62 5-year-old children. Differences of children's arithmetic development level and attitudes toward mathematical activities were found between the experimental group using online mathematical contents and the control group using offline mathematical contents. All findings proved that online mathematical contents were effective and had positive influences on children's arithmetic development and attitudes toward mathematical activities. This supports the proposition that online mathematical contents can provide an important means to the improvement of children's mathematical development and attitudes toward mathematical activities.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.46 no.sup1
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• pp.22-27
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the beneficial effects of a new cognitive intervention program designed for the care and prevention of dementia, namely Learning Therapy. The training program used systematized basic problems in arithmetic and Japanese language as training tasks. In study 1, 16 individuals in the experimental group and 16 in the control group were recruited from a nursing home. In both groups, all individuals were clinically diagnosed with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. In study 2, we performed a single-blind, randomized controlled trial in our cognitive intervention program of 124 community-dwelling seniors. In both studies, the daily training program using reading and arithmetic tasks was carried out approximately 5 days a week, for 15 to 20 minutes a day in the intervention groups. Neuropsychological measures were determined simultaneously in the groups both prior to and after six months of the intervention. The results of our investigations indicate that our cognitive intervention using reading and arithmetic problems demonstrated a transfer effect and they provide convincing evidence that cognitive training maintains and improves the cognitive functions of dementia patients and healthy seniors.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.484-495
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of game-based-digital textbook on the basic arithmetic abilities and the task attention of students with mental retardation. To do this, 38 students with mental retardation participated and were assigned to the three groups. The first group only used the traditional text book, the second group only used the game-based-digital textbook, and the third group used both the traditional textbook and the game-based-digital textbook. The third group using both the traditional textbook and the game-based-digital textbook revealed more higher improvement than the other two groups in the basic arithmetic and the task attention.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.493-505
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relevance of adjusting a urinary sample for urine hippuric correction value and its effects. Urinary biological monitoring data are typically adjusted to a constant creatinine and specific gravity concentration to correct for variable dilutions among spot samples. This study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of adjusting the urinary concentrations of urine creatinine and specific gravity(SG). Methods: We measured the concentrations of hippuric acid, in spot urine samples collected from control(119), case(120) individuals. The value of hippuric acid was adjusted by SG and urinary creatinine(HPLC & Jaffe). Results: The major results were as follows. The concentrations of urinary creatinine and SG for the control group were 1.84 g/L(SD 0.99) for arithmetic mean and 1.56 g/L(GSD 1.86) for geometric mean by HPLC method, 1.57 g/L (SD, 0.82) for arithmetic mean and 1.33 g/L(GSD 1.85) for geometric mean by Jaffe method, 1.028(SD 0.09) for arithmetic mean and 1.02(GSD 1.06) for geometric mean by refractometer. Hippuric acid levels were 0.40 g/L(SD 0.51) by arithmetic mean and 0.20 g/L(GSD 3.59). In that case the exposed group was 1.40 g/L(SD 0.58) for arithmetic mean and 1.28 g/L(GSD 1.55) for geometric mean by HPLC method, 1.27 g/L(SD 0.56) for arithmetic mean and 1.14 g/L(GSD 1.62) for geometric mean by Jaffe method, 1.045 L(SD 0.27) for arithmetic mean and 1.02(GSD 1.13) for geometric mean by refractometer(P<0.05). Hippuric acid levels were 0.67 g/L(SD 0.79) for arithmetic mean and 0.39 g/L(GSD 2.94)(p<0.05). The urine creatinine concentrations were affected by gender(p < 0.01) but SG levels were not affected by gender or age(p>0.05). After adjustment, urine hippuric acid was correlated with creatinine(HPLC & Jaffe)(r=0.723, P<0.05, r=0.708, P<0.05) and SG(r=0.936, P<0.05) and the control group shows significantly higher than the case group. In the case group for adjusted urine hippuric acid was correlated with creatinine(HPLC & Jaffe), (r=0.736, P<0.05), r=0.549, P<0.05), SG(r=0.549, P<0.05). After adjusting urine hippuric acid by urine creatinine(HPLC and Jaffe method) and specific gravity, significant associations were found between the control group and case group, respectively(r=0.832, P<0.05, r=0.845, P<0.05) and (r=0.841, P<0.05, r=0.849, P<0.05). Specific gravity adjustment appears to be more appropriate for variations in the urine creatinine method. Conclusion: we found that urinary creatinine concentrations were significantly affected by gender, and other factors and that care should therefore be exercised when correcting urinary metabolites according to the urinary creatinine concentration in spot urine. It is determined that additional study is needed for biological monitoring.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.20-30
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• 2010

This study examined whether any changes by mental task types on postural control in chronic stroke persons. Sixteen chronic stroke persons (mean age=53.75 yr) and sixteen age-and gender-matched healthy controls (mean age=54.44 yr) took part in this study. Participants randomly performed three different tasks on the stable and unstable surfaces. The no mental task was to stand while holding a 100 g weight in each hand, the arithmetic task (mental task) was to perform a silent 1-backwards counting while standing and holding a 100 g weight in each hand, and the simple task (mental task) was to stand and hold with both hands a tray (200 g) on which a glass filled with water has been placed. Sway path and sway velocity of the center of pressure (COP) were measured to assess standing postural control by task performance using the force platform. According to the results, in stroke group, total sway path and total sway velocity of COP was significantly decreased during arithmetic and simple task compared to no mental task on the stable surface (p<.05), and sway path (anteroposterior AP, mediolateral ML) of COP, total and sway velocity (AP, ML, total) of COP was significantly decreased during arithmetic and simple task compared to no mental task on the unstable surface (p<.05). Especially, sway path (AP, total) of COP and sway velocity (AP, ML, total) of COP was significantly decreased under the simple task when compared to the arithmetic task on the unstable surface (p<.05). In healthy control group, sway path (AP, ML, total) of COP and sway velocity (AP, ML, total) of COP was significantly decreased during arithmetic and simple task compared to no mental task on the stable and unstable surface (p<.05), and sway path (AP, total) of COP and sway velocity (AP, ML, total) of COP was significantly decreased under the simple task when compared to the arithmetic task on the unstable surface (p<.05). In conclusion, the findings of this study showed that arithmetic and simple task improved standing postural control for chronic stroke patients and the type of arithmetic and simple tasks were critical factor that reduced standing postural sway in dual-task conditions. Future research should determine whether dual-task conditions, including simple task, would be effective as a training program for standing postural control of stroke patients.