• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.53-64
• /
• 2014

During the Joseon Dynasty, Injeongjeon area at Changdeokgung Palace was a core space in which major state affairs took place. Since founded in 1405, the Injeongjeon area's spatial composition has been changed while it was repeatedly burned down and rebuilt several times. However, despite many studies and researches on the Chandeokgung Palace and the Injeongjeon area, the changes of the area in the 20th century have not been examined thoroughly. This study attempts to find out the procedure and purposes of the remodeling of the Injeongjeon area in 1908. It is possible to presume that the motif of this remodeling construction, worked out by the Residency-General, was to transform the area similar to Ekkensho or Audience Hall area at Meiji Palace regarding the following facts: only Japaneses' participation in the construction, renaming the area as Alhyunso (Ekkensho), and involvement of Ito Hirobumi. Comparing plans of the remodeled Injeongjeon area at the Chandeokgung Palace with the Ekkensho area at the Meiji Palace, we can confirm this presumption and suggest the possibility that the Residency-General wanted to reduce the majesty and power of the Joseon Dynasty's Palace by this remodeling.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.7
• /
• pp.2899-2902
• /
• 2015

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide, and in Thailand is the second most common cancer among women. In 2008, a national cervical cancer screening programme was implemented in Thailand, but coverage remains relatively low. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate whether cervical cancer screening uptake is associated with the area of residency in Thailand. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was carried out in women aged 30 to 60 year-old, who live in Sikhiu district, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand. Structured-questionnaires were used to interview 226 women (cases) who had attended cervical cancer screening in the last five years and 226 women (controls) who had not. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate the association between the area of residency and cervical cancer screening uptake. Results: After controlling for parity, marital status and duration of hormonal contraceptive use, an association between the area of residence and cervical cancer screening uptake could not demonstrated ($OR_{adj}$ 1.27, 95%CI: 0.79, 2.04). Conclusions: We found no evidence to suggest remoteness to health care center led to lower cervical cancer screening uptake.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.21-49
• /
• 1992

This study was carried out to assess the degree of cognitive impairment and health status for the aged people in seoul area. The subjects were selected 117 aged at the nursing home and 101 residents from the community. To assess the cognitive function, Mini-Mental Status Examination(MMSE-K) and the assessement tool of health status for the elderly which was developed by Lee(1989) used to check the health status. The followings are the results of the Survey Study; 1. The elderly who were assessed as a cognitive impairment status was $47.9\%$ of the nursing home people and $42.6\%$ of the ordinary community residency elderly. 2. Health status of the community residency elderly was much better condition than the status of the nursing home residency elderly. 3. There was a significant relationship between the degree of cognitive impairment and the physical health status.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.43 no.5
• /
• pp.451-456
• /
• 2016

Background Comprehensive aesthetic surgery training continues to be a challenge for residency programs. Our residency program developed a rhinoplasty-based objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) based upon validated methods as part of the residency education curriculum. We report our experience with the rhinoplasty-based OSCE and offer guidance to its incorporation within residency programs. Methods The encounter involved resident evaluation and operative planning for a standardized patient desiring a rhinoplasty procedure. Validated OSCE methods currently used at our medical school were implemented. Residents were evaluated on appropriate history taking, physical examination, and explanation to the patient of treatment options. Examination results were evaluated using analysis of variance (statistical significance P<0.05). Results Twelve residents completed the rhinoplasty OSCE. Medical knowledge assessment showed increasing performance with clinical year, 50% versus 84% for postgraduate year 3 and 6, respectively (P<0.005). Systems-based practice scores showed that all residents incorrectly submitted forms for billing and operative scheduling. All residents confirmed that the OSCE realistically represents an actual patient encounter. All faculty confirmed the utility of evaluating resident performance during the OSCE as a useful assessment tool for determining the Next Accreditation System Milestone level. Conclusions Aesthetic surgery training for residents will require innovative methods for education. Our examination showed a program-educational weakness in billing/coding, an area that will be improved upon by topic-specific lectures. A thoroughly developed OSCE can provide a realistic educational opportunity to improve residents' performance on the nonoperative aspects of rhinoplasty and should be considered as an adjunct to resident education.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.53 no.4
• /
• pp.165-172
• /
• 2009

Pharmacy residency program in Korea was first implemented in Seoul National University Hospital in 1983 to train hospital pharmacists regarding theories and practice which were not appropriately educated in the colleges of pharmacy. There are currently seven hospitals operating the program in Korea, and all of those are located in Metropolitan Seoul area. Most hospitals administer examination and interview to select competent pharmacists while some other hospitals select those based on paperwork and interview tests. Although the program contents are mostly similar, some variation were identified between the programs. Title conferred after accomplishment of the program has not been officially accredited by educational authority. In June of 2008, Korean Society of Health-System Pharmacists promulgated an internal regulation as an attempt to standardize the program contents and to encourage efficient management of the program. Since the regulation has now been effective, it is expected that the regulation may help clinical pharmacy education in Korea move toward advanced level.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.343-351
• /
• 2013

Purpose: This study was to identify factors affecting mammography screening behavior in job women by attitude, social influence and self-efficacy model. Methods: The data were obtained from 171 job women in one residency area by structural questionnaire from March to June 2013 and analysed by using $x^2$-test, ANOVA, Spearman's correlation and logistic regression analysis. Results: The each performance rate was 45.1% in mammography, 44.9% in breast self examination and 48.5% in physical examination. The mammography performance rate in job women showed higher significance in the groups of 1) older age, urban residency, marital status or high economic state, 2) shorter office hours or higher job position, 3) childbirth experience or menopause and 4) preferring soy bean food, practicing regular exercise, suffering chronic disease or receiving radiation therapy. Attitude, social influences and self-efficacy made significant differences in mammography performance. Logistic regression analysis showed that 50 years or older, urban residency, social influences towards mammography and high self-efficacy were significant relationship. Conclusion: In order to increase the mammography performance rate, the intervention strategies are needed to increase positive social influences or self-efficacy and to offer public information to younger age.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.51 no.2
• /
• pp.251-257
• /
• 2024

Background Plastic surgery has developed to benefit in a variety of challenging areas formerly handled by other disciplines. Medical students do not have a clear picture of plastic surgery as a career due to lacking scope, clinical practice, and understanding of plastic surgery as a clinical area of expertise, including general practitioners, nursing staff, medical trainees, and the general public, and misconceptions about the extent of reconstructive and plastic surgery. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on Kuwait University Medical students (2nd-7th Years) over a period of 1 month. A questionnaire and a consent form were provided to eligible students. The inclusion criteria were Kuwait University Medical students from 2nd to 7th Years with signed consent form. The response was collected via email sent in coordination with the Vice Dean of Student Affairs in the Faculty of Medicine. Using statistical package for the social sciences, responses were statistically analyzed. Pearson's chi-square test was used to calculate p-values, where p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 244 eligible medical students, 121 males and 123 females, were included in the study, with a mean age of 21 (±2) years. Similarly, 126 (51.6%) were preclinical students (2nd-4th-year students), while 118 (48.4%) were clinical students (5th-7th-year students). About 79.8% of medical students believed that plastic surgery plays an essential role in trauma management, whereas 9.2% did not consider plastic surgery significant for trauma management. This study found that only 15.5% of medical students were interested in enrolling in plastic surgery residency after graduation, while 47.1% of students did not consider plastic surgery residency after graduation. However, 37.4% were uncertain. The two most driving factors in deciding on plastic surgery residency were expected income (61.8%) and lifestyle (14.3%). Conclusion Improving medical students' education quality can enhance their perception and awareness of plastic surgery. Students should be taught the broader scope of plastic surgery. The inclusion of formal training during undergraduation is the essence of time and should be added to or improved during plastic surgery rotations with more emphasis on reconstructive and hand/peripheral nerve surgery. Student-led interest groups can be a useful tool for educating students about their specialty.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.160-166
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The prevalence of reflux esophagitis (RE) has increased recently in Korea. Little is known concerning the prevalence and characteristics of RE in pediatric patients. This study investigated the prevalence and influence of risk factors in endoscopically proven RE in Korea in pediatric patients over a period of 14 years. Methods: A retrospective chart review of all patients between the ages of 1 month and 20 years who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy at Samsung Medical Center between 2001 and 2014 was carried out. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify independent risk factors for RE. Results: The prevalence rate of endoscopically proven RE in this study was 28.7% (978/3,413). The prevalence of RE increased from 11.8% from 2001 to 2007 to 37.7% from 2008 to 2014. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that residency in the Greater Gangnam area (odds ratio [OR], 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.44) and age (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.11-1.15) were significant predictive factors for the presence of RE. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of endoscopically proven pediatric RE has increased over the past 14 years. Residency and older age are more important independent risk factors for pediatric RE in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 2011

The housing environment of the weak class in rural area is inferior, the elderly ratio is high, and senior citizens whose living by themselves are increasing. This study was to analyze the actual conditions of utilization status, characterization of residency, management method of the federation of construction associate's love house and local government's case, and usage of the village hall. For better study, we reviewed the literatures and conducted field surveys. The purpose of this study is to suggest a development plan of rural community living homes. The results of this study were as follows; First, it is important for proper site of rural community living home plans to select adjacent location in the surrounding medical and welfare facilities(including community facilities). Second, the living space for one person does not need such a space; about $33m^2$ is suitable. Third, it is important to use surplus area to make kitchen garden in the site planning. Also the architectural plans must be considered to minimize the maintenance costs for the sustainability of the house and winter heating expense problem.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.9
• /
• pp.4091-4094
• /
• 2014

Background: This study used the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) to analyze Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) bronchioaveolar carcinoma data to identify predictive models and potential disparity in outcomes. Materials and Methods: Socio-economic, staging and treatment factors were assessed. For the risk modeling, each factor was fitted by a Generalized Linear Model to predict cause specific survival. The area under the ROC was computed. Similar strata were combined to construct the most parsimonious models. A random sampling algorithm was used to estimate modeling errors. Risk of cause specific death was computed for the predictors for comparison. Results: There were 7,309 patients included in this study. The mean follow up time (S.D.) was 24.2 (20) months. Female patients outnumbered male ones 3:2. The mean (S.D.) age was 70.1 (10.6) years. Stage was the most predictive factor of outcome (ROC area of 0.76). After optimization, several strata were fused, with a comparable ROC area of 0.75. There was a 4% additional risk of death associated with lower county family income, African American race, rural residency and lower than 25% county college graduate. Radiotherapy had not been used in 2/3 of patients with stage III disease. Conclusions: There are socio-economic disparities in cause specific survival. Under-use of radiotherapy may have contributed to poor outcome. Improving education, access and rates of radiotherapy use may improve outcome.