• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.15-28
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to conduct eye-tracking experiments to target large spaces and to analyze the characteristics of pupil gaze by gender. By analyzing the change of pupil size in the eye-tracking experiment, we suggest a template for objective and scientific analyses of gender observation data. Additionally, based on the difference between gender and time to pupil size change, we noted the characteristic of time that gather the visual perception data information and showed that females attend to interesting elements of visual information one to two seconds slower than males. In the initial "$1sec{\rightarrow}2sec$", the pupil size has been increased in leap condition of male and in fixed condition of female. In addition, if condition limits to fixed observation to view the change rates on gender then the pupil size of female was larger than male before 9 seconds, while male's pupil size was larger after 9 seconds. This indicates that females obtain visual information through a relatively larger pupil size during the first 1-8 seconds after stimulus presentation, while males acquire it between 10-15 seconds after input. However, based on the result that the pupil size of female was larger than male on the change of observation time, the pupil size movement on female was energized to watch more interest element after a certain period of time.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.160-163
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• 2008

$CO_2$ ocean sequestration is being considered as a way to earn a frame of time to change other industrial life pattern to overcome the global warming crisis. The method is to dilute the captured $CO_2$ into ocean by ejecting the liquefied $CO_2$ through nozzles. The main issue of such method is the effectiveness and safety, and in both problems the rising speed of those LCO2 droplet is the key parameter. In this paper, the rising speed of LCO2 droplets is numerically studied including the effect of the surfactant which can be residing along the density interface of the droplets. A front tracking method with a simple surface tension model is developed and the rising speed of the droplets is carefully investigated with varying the various parameters. It is demonstrated that the variable surface tension can change the deformation of the droplet, the flow near the interface, and the rising speed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.481-489
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• 2017

The study area,Cheonan Stream, is an urban river that flows through urban areas in close proximity to densely populated areas and multi-use facilities. The natural river improvement project from 2006 to 2015 improved the quality of life of local residents with the improvement of river function, the restoration of the natural ecosystem and the securement of hydrophilic space. A bike way in the constructed waterside space was built focusing on trails. This study suggests improvements appropriate for insufficient bike way function-related regulations. The problems of ramps, river crossing facilities, stairway facilities, safety facilities, signs, road markings, and parking facilities, etc.have arisen in the utilization situation and citizen consciousness survey. As an improvement, it was suggested that 12% or fewer ramps should be improved, a submerged bridge should be installed at 7 places separated by stepping bridges, and signs and road markings according to bike way-related regulations should be installed and bike parking facilities at Cheonan station and Cheonan bus terminal should be expanded. The bike way in the waterfront of ChoenanCheon(river) will increase the accessibility and utilization rate of short-distance transportation with the institutional expansion of bike use facilities and work organizations and the improvement of facilities in accordance with urban rivers and bike-related regulations. Therefore, it is expected that the development of the living space will be beneficial for the citizens due to the elimination of traffic in the city and the activation of bike traffic.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.207-214
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• 2017

High voltage electric power transmitter GIS(Gas Insulated Switchgear) above 72.5kV needs to satisfy domestic Korean peninsular standard(ES-6110-0002) in KEPCO with respect to normal and special operation conditions which include internal gas pressure, dead weight, wind and seismic load. Some other requirements not described in Korean standard can be applied from other international standards such as IEC(International Electronical Committee) 62271-203 and 62271-207. The GIS is a kind of pressure vessel structure made of aluminum and filled with SF6 gas of internal pressure 0.4~0.5MPa. Finite element analysis of GIS is performed with such operational loads including seismic loading and the stability and reliability is determined according to ASME BPVC(Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code) SEC. VIII standard where the allowable stress level of the pressure vessel is suggested. The result shows that the stress of GIS is satisfied the allowable stress level and the safety factor is about 2.3 for Korean peninsular standard.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2009

An objective of this study is to evaluate the structural performance of the weak axis SRC column-RC beam joints by experiments. Although one of common joint types is the connection with standard hooks, it has been required to examine its safety and to settle problems of the joint among practical engineers. Specimen types are classified into two categories, namely the type of standard hook and the type of shape improvement. The first one is consisted of three specimens which are reference type, development length modification type, and development length supplement type. Three specimens for shape improvement were made with variations on the arrangement of longitudinal reinforcements and the development length. Test results based on cyclic loadings were discussed with load-deflection curves, maximum strengths, strength degradations beyond the maximum. It was found that the standard hook types showed premature failures and consequent strength degradations due to splitting of joint concrete. However, satisfactory performance was obtained with the shape improvement type with wing-plate welding. No premature failures and strength degradations were detected with the specimens.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2013

The pre-tensioned spun high strength concrete (PHC) pile has poor load carrying capacity in shear and flexure, while showing excellent axial load bearing capacity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the flexural performance of the concrete-infilled composite PHC (ICP) pile which is the PHC pile reinforced with infilled concrete, transverse and longitudinal reinforcement for the improvement of shear and flexural load carrying capacity. The ICP pile specimen was designed to make allowable axial compression and bending moment higher load bearing capacity than those determined through the investigation of abutment design cases. The allowable axial compression and bending moment of the ICP pile was obtained using the program developed for calculating the axial compression - bending moment interaction. Then, ICP pile specimens were manufactured and flexural tests were performed. From the test results, it was found that the maximum bending moment of the ICP pile was approximately 45% higher than that of the PHC pile and the safety factor of ICP pile design was about 4.5 when the allowable bending moment was determined to be 25% of the flexural strength.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.39-48
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• 2016

One of the major trends of automotive networking architecture is the introduction of automotive Ethernet. Ethernet is already used in single automotive applications (e.g. to connect high-data-rate sources as video cameras), it is expected that the ongoing standardization at IEEE (IEEE802.3bw - 100BASE-T1, respectively IEEE P802.3bp - 1000BASE-T1) will lead to a much broader adoption in future. Those applications will not be limited to simple point-to-point connections, but may affect Electric/Electronic(EE) Architectures as a whole. It is agreed that IP based traffic via Ethernet could be secured by application of well-established IP security protocols (e.g., IPSec, TLS) combined with additional components like, e.g., automotive firewall or IDS. In the case of safety and real-time related applications on resource constraint devices, the IP based communication is not the favorite option to be used with complicated and performance demanding TLS or IPSec. Those applications will be foreseeable incorporate Layer-2 based communication protocols as, e.g., currently standardized at IEEE[13]. The present paper reflects the state-of-the-art communication concepts with respect to security and identifies architectural challenges and potential solutions for future Ethernet Switch-based EE-Architectures. It also gives an overview and provide insights into the ongoing security relevant standardization activities concerning automotive Ethernet. Furthermore, the properties of non-automotive Ethernet security mechanisms as, e.g., IEEE 802.1AE aka. MACsec or 802.1X Port-based Network Access Control, will be evaluated and the applicability for automotive applications will be assessed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.744-754
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• 2017

In this study, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was conducted with the aim of developing a post-disaster refugee housing performance index system (PPS) to improve the post-disaster refugee housing (PRH) performance criteria for the foundation of quality-based development. The PRH was defined as a mid-term temporary housing facility that is used for a certain period before the permanent housing is established. The safety, rapidity, reusability, habitability, and economy were derived from major performance factors through prior research. A hierarchical PPS was organized by linking the major performance factors with the whole life cycle process of PRH. The priority of each performance index of PPS was determined quantitatively using the analytic hierarchy process through an expert survey. Based on AHP analysis, the performance criterion of the total weight 1-10 ranking and the performance criterion of the first rank in each category were classified into the essential performance criterion (must be achieved) and the others were classified into the recommended performance criterion (optional achieved) and the performance index was constructed considering all stages of PRH development. With the completion of the PRH performance index, it is expected that victims will be able to secure stable residence and return to their daily lives quickly.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.115-128
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• 2018

Understanding the process of spatial perception plays a significant role in the design process as well as in the use of actual spaces. The perception of spatial depth can vary according to the space composition and design even there is no change in the actual size of the space. The properties of 3-dimensional space are its width, height, and depth; however, compared to the perception of spatial width and height, little research and theories exist on spatial depth perception. The reasons may be there less interest lies in the effect of spatial depth perception than that of spaciousness or height of space. This study is an investigation of the process of spatial depth perception using an eye-tracking device with stimuli developed through Computer Graphics. A total of 44 interior design major students participated in the eye tracking experiment; and they looked at three images comprised of an identical room with only changes in the rear wall condition. The results show that a significant difference in the fixation duration per stimulus exists. In addition, a significant difference exists on the fixation duration per stimulus according to the participants' answer of the deepest space. The result of this study can help identify factors for spatial depth perception, validate the assumption on it, and provide knowledge on how to acquire desirable spatial depth by utilizing the research result.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1176-1187
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• 2014

In Contemporary residential area, especially apartment commplex, crime affect the quality of life and sustainability of cities. So our interest is an all-time high in the role that planning processes and the design of the physical environment can play in reducing the opportunity for crime. The purpose of this study try to find the possibility of application of CPTED in Urban Apartment Complex. Recently, as increase of residencial density, diverse and new types of crime are increasing in urban apartment complex. It is the current of times which demand our serious consideration. This research focused on crime reduction through the physical environmental control methods. And the concepts and contents of CPTED are studied and the case studies of developed countries are surveyed. For groping in the practical application, researched into the case study of apartment blocks in medium sized city, Cheongju. Also Local crime prevention initiatives require partnership working, both between professionals and with local communities. The result of this study has implicated, increasing importance on daily safety issue in urban life and examining the possibility of applying crime prevention and reduction program and systems.