• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.8 no.10
• /
• pp.3458-3474
• /
• 2014

The performance of IEEE 802.11e enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) is influenced by several interactive parameters that make quality of service (QoS) control complex and difficult. In EDCA, the most critical performance influencing parameters are the arbitration interframe space (AIFS) and contention window size (CW) of each access category (AC). The objective of this paper is to provide a scheme for parameter control such that the throughput per station as well as the overall system throughput of the network is maximized and controllable. For this purpose, a simple and accurate analytical model describing the throughput behavior of EDCA networks is presented in this paper. Based on this model, the paper further provides a scheme in which a Pareto optimal system configuration is obtained via an appropriate CW control for a given AIFS value, which is a different approach compared to relevant papers in the literature that deal with CW control only. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method which shows significant performance improvements compared to other existing algorithms.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.121-130
• /
• 2011

The localization of vehicle is an important part of an unmanned vehicle control problem. Pseudolite ultrasonic system(PUS) is the method to find an absolute position with a high accuracy by using ultrasonic sensor. And Gyro is the inertial sensor to measure yaw angle of vehicle. PUS can be able to estimate the position of mobile robot precisely, in which errors are not accumulated. And Gyro is a more faster measure method than PUS. In this paper, we suggest a more accuracy method of calculating PUS which is numerical analysis approach named Newtonian method. And also propose the fusion method to increase the accuracy of estimated angle on moving vehicle by using PUS and Gyro integrated system by Kalman filtering. To control the 4WS unmanned vehicle, the trajectory following algorithm is suggested. And the new concept arbitration of goal controller is suggested. This method considers the desirability function of vehicle state. Finally, the performances of Newtonian method and designed controller were verified from the experimental results with the 4WS vehicle scaled 1/10.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.253-275
• /
• 2006

Ever since the open and reform policy in 1987, China has adopted the socialistic market economy system and has been moving forward in economic reform. This gradually expanded their market economy. The open and reform policy achieved the highest average annual GDP growth rate of 9% and helped the country maintain high growth. China's economic growth in recent years has a lot to do with the international trading and direct investment by foreign corporations. China's entry into the WTO dramatically increased their amount of capital and investments due to their aggressive investments with foreign corporations. It is quite amazing that investments in China has been constantly increasing while the direct investments worldwide is decreasing. Moreover, increase in such investments is contributing to China's job creation, as well as, the expansion of international trading. When international economic exchange started between Japan and China in the 1970s, it was in the form of aid for developing countries, hence the collection of the investment was out of the question. It was in the 1990s that Japan started the full-scale investments with China and it was mostly centered in transfer of the production base. Japanese corporations aim was to mass produce goods less expensively using abundant and cheap labor and to sell them to Japan and other countries. The amount of Japan's exports and imports compared with China is increasing every year but the trade deficit has gone into the red. The dollar amount has been decreased from $ 27 billion in 2001 to $ 18 billion in 2003. The problems and damages in the system of justice and administrative confrontation that Japanese corporations are facing are continuously at a stand-still even after China's entry into the WTO. It has been 20 years since Japan's advance in China and during that period, the Japanese corporations brought many changes ranging from exports/imports to direct investment. Although Japan's new corporations tend to be located in the mid-western part of China, rather than the coastal areas, the region itself is not the cause for the confrontation. The problem stems from the Japanese treating the Chinese as if they were Japanese because they look similar due to their Asian ancestry. In reality the Chinese have completely different ways of doing business. Here we will take a look at the international trading and direct investment of Japanese corporations in China and study the conflicts that occurred in business transactions with China through real examples.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.85-116
• /
• 2013

Korea Medical Dispute Mediation and Arbitration Agency, "K-MEDI" in abbr. herein-after, is established on Apr. 9, 2012 according to the law cited in the title above for the purpose of settling medical disputes in a prompt, fair and efficient manner. Two special professional organizations are established in K-MEDI, one of them is Medical Dispute Mediation and Arbitration Committee(hereinafter referred to as the "Mediation Committee") and the other Medical Malpractice Appraisal Board(hereinaf-ter referred to as the "Appraisal Board"), the mission of the latter is to investigate the facts concerning the disputed medical conduct and to research as to and apprai-se whether the medical conduct was negligent and whether a causal relationship exists. Each panel organized in the Mediation Committee or the Appraisal Board shall be comprised of five mediators or appraisers, including necessarily a judge or a prose-cutor respectively and any disputed case regardless of the scale, the importance or the complicacy shall be handled by a panel. As the system is not thought efficient or economic, the number of the members comprising a panel or total members com-prising the Mediation Committee or the Appraisal Board shoud be adjusted, and the process shoud be versified, including the "Rapid Process," for instance. A petition for the mediation of a medical dispute shall be rejected if the respondent fails to notify K-MEDI of his/her intention to accede to the mediation within 14days from the day on which the petition for the mediation was served(Art. 27 Cl. 7). As the option of an arbitrary decision whether the mediation proceedings shall be commenced or not given to the respondent by the clause is thought unfair, making the process unstable, and moreover, diminishing the purpose of the system established by the law cited above for solving the medical disputes, the clause shoud be amended not to allow the respondent the option of such an arbitrary deci-sion. K-MEDI shall conduct the "Program for Compensation of Medical Accidents"(Art 46) according to which unavoidable injuries caused by the medical accidents in the cour-se of childbirth and the "Advances for Damages"(Art. 47) that are the compensating moneys paid to victims in medical malpractice cases who fail to receive money at all or partly from the operator or the professional of a public health or medical institution although he/she has a final and conclusive right to be paid by them. Some operators or professionals of such institutions claim that both the programs violate their fundamental rights assured by the constitution, and that it be a justifica-tion of refusal to accede to the mediation. As any of the programs needs not to be conducted by K-MEDI, it may be a proper solution to change the conductor of the programs to avoid the unproductive controversy.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.65-73
• /
• 2018

Since unfair trading practices between participants in construction project are common, the government has enforced several policies and systems to prevent or minimize the unfair trading practices in construction industry. However, not much attention has been paid to figure out which policies or acts are working or not. This paper analyzed the effectiveness of the policies and acts which are being implemented to prevent unfair trading practices and provided several suggestions to improve the performance of those acts. Survey was conducted to industry experts to collect data regarding their perceptions on those policies and acts. Then the effectiveness of the policies and acts were analyzed in terms of their importance and performance through IPA (Importance-Performance Analysis) based on the survey result. It was found through IPA that execution related acts such as investigation, exposure, and punishment for unfair trading practice have shown low effectiveness in entire construction process and dispute arbitration and mediation related center operated by authority showed low performance too. To improve the effectiveness of those acts, dispute arbitration system improvement, investigation & reporting system consolidation and enhancement practical binding force of punishment and penalty were suggested. Most of all, rules and culture for fair trading should become more established in construction industry by preventing conflict among participants through active communication.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.91-122
• /
• 2014

For a variety of reasons, the number of medical disputes is continuously rising. Due to the intrinsic qualities of medical treatments, one would find it more apt to subject medical disputes to general conflict resolution procedures rather than to once-for-all decisions under legal suits. To address the increasing medical disputes with greater professionalism and efficiency, the Medical Disputes Mediation Act was enacted and a medical dispute mediation system put in place, while drawbacks have been blamed to both. The current mediation procedures require the respondent's agreement as a disclosure requirement. A reasonable improvement to this would be to amend the regulation of agreement supposition, or to enforce procedural participation only to public health facilities managed by the national or regional government. Furthermore, small claims cases of 20 million KRW or less in claim may be considered for conciliation-prepositive principle. The concentration on small claim medical disputes is a phenomenon that can be addressed by carrying out maximum authentication commissions or similar measures, one of the solutions by enhancing the public trust in the Korea Medical Dispute Mediation and Arbitration Agency. The proper management of medical authentication teams is one way to address the existing problems in the authentication system. For this, the number of team members shall be increased under more flexible authentication procedures. All indemnity resources for medical accidents of force majeure must be borne by the Government, for it is the body principally responsible for social compensation. Placing this cost on the establisher of the subject medical facility holds the possibility of violating fundamental rights. While the costs for subrogation payment system for damages may be borne by the healthcare facility establisher, a deposit-based system must be created for cases in which the facility shuts down, without holding the responsibility for accident cause. Such change to a deposit-based system will evade the controversies of unconstitutionality, etc.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.208-220
• /
• 2011

Recently, the arbitration system for defect disputes has been introduced to settle the disputes arising from defects in apartment buildings. However, the conciliation system did not reflect the current technical issues of defect disputes and the opinions of each party involved in the disputes. Moreover, it revealed more imperfections in the content and the process of the system itself. Therefore, this study aims to review the technical aspects of defect disputes, and suggest an alternative to the conventional conciliation system. This paper also discusses logical factors that can be addressed for the current subjective judgment. It is recommended that each party involved in the defect dispute build mutual trust in order to meet social needs, which is the underlying support for the revitalization of the institutional level.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.2628-2645
• /
• 2017

This paper proposes a new offline electronic payment (e-payment) system that satisfies the major security requirements of e-payment, i.e. anonymity, unlinkability, unforgeability, double spending control, conditional traceability, and fraud prevention. The central idea is the use of Hwang et al.'s RSA-based untraceable blind signature (BS), which disables the link between the e-coin and its owner and ensures the anonymity of both the customer and the merchant. It attaches an expiration, a deposit and the transaction dates to each e-coin in order to manage the database of the bank effectively, to correctly calculate the interest on the e-coin and to aid arbitration if a dishonest customer attempts to double-spend the coin. It also ensures the anonymity of the customer as long as the coin is spent legitimately. Only when a fraudulent e-coin transaction is detected can the bank, with the help of the central authority (a trusted entity), determine the identity of the dishonest customer. The system is referred to as offline since the bank does not need to be concurrently involved in transactions between a customer and a merchant. Finally, analyses of the performance of the prototype and the primary security requirements of the proposed system are also presented.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.69-118
• /
• 2007

In providing general medical treatments, the medical service contract between the patient and the doctor is the mutually responsible onerous contract. However, the nature of the mutually assumed contract standings of the patient and the doctor has been changing since the implementation of the national health insurance program. For instance, besides the cases of beyond excessive medical charges and medical negligence, if the doctor charged for his/her medical treatments violating the post-treatment/nursing cover criteria, the overpaid medical charge, regardless of being collected with the patient's consent, has to be refunded back to the patient. Medically needed aspects, treatment results, and unfair benefits favoring the patient are not at all taken into consideration in the health insurance scheme. This makes it easier for patients to get refunds for their share of the medical payments by involving the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service or the National Health Insurance Corporation, without engaging in civil law suits (for reimbursement claim) against doctors. In other words, the doctor's responsibility to provide medical treatments and the patient's responsibility to pay for the medical treatment provided within the contractual realm are being demolished by the administrational arbitration of the National Health Insurance system. The basic rights of medical service providers, and the patient's right to choose are as important constitutional rights, as the National Health Insurance program, which is essential in the social welfare system. Furthermore, the development of the medical fields should not be prevented by the National Health Insurance system. If the medical treatment services can be divided into necessary treatments, general treatments, and high quality treatments, the National Health Insurance is supposed to guarantee the necessary and general treatments to provide medical treatments equally to all the insured with limited financial resources. However, for the high quality treatments, it is recommended that they should not be interfered by the National Health Insurance system, and that they should be left to the private contract between the patient and the doctor.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.4 no.11
• /
• pp.2914-2922
• /
• 1997

For FA (factory automation) and ATE (automatic test equipment) in the industrial area, the standard bus needs to increase the system performance of multiprocessor environment. VME(versa module european package format) bus is appropriated to the standard bus but has features of small package and low board density. Beside, the density of board and semiconductor have grown to become significant issues that affect development time, project cost and field diagnostics. To fit this trend, in this paper, we composed Revision C.1 (IEEE std. P1014-1987) of the integrated environment for the main function such as arbitration, interrupt and interface between, VMEbus and several control modules Also the designed, VME system controller is implemented on FPGA that can be located even into slot 1. The control and function modules are coded with VHDL mid-fixed description method and then those operations are verified by simulation. As a result of experiment, we confirmed the most important that is the operation of Bus timer about Bus error signal should occur within $56{\mu}m$, and both control and function modules have the reciprocal operation correctly. Thus, the constructed VHDL library will be able to apply the system based VMEbus and ASIC design.