• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2000

Forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor x S. bicolor) was cultivated for knowing the effect of alum sludge application on its root growth in a mountainous site, Kumsan. And the results obtained are as follows: The available P205 content in the soil seemed to decrease with the advance of level of alum sludge application. And plant P content decreased with the advance of sludge application without phosphate fertilizer. With phosphate fertilizer, root number of the forage was greater than that without the fertilizer. The root growth of forage sorghum was the highest with NPK and the least in control and alum application, and it is not recommended to apply NPK and alum together for the growth of the forage root. (Key words : Root, Sorghum, Mineral, Sludge, Kumsan)

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 2016

The purpose of this paper is to discover how the use of digital applications can affect students' attitudes toward positive classroom participation and performance in learning a foreign language. Participants of this study were 128 students who took a foreign language class at a high school in central Korea. To find out students' perceptions and attitudes toward the effect of using a digital application for their foreign language study, online questionnaire and focus-group interview were conducted. Our research findings revealed that these students could engage in active language learning and experience learning improvement while studying a foreign language with digital applications. The improvement was possible by creating more interactive activities and quizzes. In addition, the digital application provided students immediate feedback. It gave students and teachers various motivations beyond the traditional 'chalk and talk' format of text-only-classes. This study provides an overview of the usefulness of digital application. In addition, it provides understanding for students' perceptions and involvement using digital application in a foreign language classroom.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2001

To evaluate the skin toxicity oj topical toluene application, toluene (35 mg/$cm^2$) was sequentially applied to the portion rat skin for five days. The topical toluene application resulted in increased xanthine oxidase activity and CYP content, and significantly decreased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities at five days in rat skin. Especially catalase activity was remarkably decreased in toluene-applied rat skin. And benzylalcohol dehydrogenase activity showed also a significant decrease in toluene-applied skin. On the other hand, histopathological ultrastructural examination revealed disrupted epidermal basement membrane, rared intercellular adhensions and degenerated keratin layer due to topical toluene application. Increased deposit of cerrous perhydroxide resulted from reaction with $H_2O_2$was abserved in toluene-treated animals. These results indicate that oxygen free radical may be responsible for ultrastructural changes in skin tissue by toluene application to rat skin.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2017

In this paper, the fault current limiting characteristics of the flux-lock type SFCL (superconducting fault current limiter) using magnetic application circuit were analyzed. The flux-lock type SFCL has the structure to install the magnetic application circuit, which can increase the resistance of HTSC ($high-T_C$ superconducting element comprising) the SFCL. To analyze the fault current limiting effect of the flux-lock type SFCL through the magnetic flux application circuit, the flux-lock type SFCL either with the magnetic flux circuit or without the magnetic flux circuit was constructed and the fault current limiting characteristics of the SFCL were compared each other through the short-circuit tests.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.225-239
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• 2007

Mobile service is highly becoming in the limelight on information society by offering infringement problem about individual privacy or information by political and scientific interest This study is focusing on primary LBS application Mobile service that emphasize position confirmation, especially, looking for friends. The aim at this study grasps user productivity factor of LBS application Mobile service, and analyses whether some have relations with value and action determination of LBS application Mobile service. According to result, Mobile service applying position service is supported with usefulness and system quality, adaptedness. On the other hand, Usability and social effect, privacy weren't embossed by leading person. Mobile service applying position service is changed with a person who have experience looking for friend. This study has systematically analysed about LBS application service by leading person

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.63-72
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between application attractiveness and loyalty to mobile music applications. The application attractiveness is operationalized into four dimensions: richness of music contents, music app design quality, music app functionality, and promotion. The hypotheses are postulated and tested using a sample of 370 student respondents from Henan Polytechnic University and Henan Institute of Technology, China. The result shows that there is a positive correlation between loyalty and three application attractiveness aspects: richness of music contents, music app design quality and music app functionality. Based on the results of this study, the research put forward constructive suggestions about improving mobile music application loyalty. Finally, several conclusions, managerial suggestions, limitations and future research are proposed.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1526-1533
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• 2018

This study aims to provide implications for mobile foreign language vocabulary learning app by analyzing the effects of mobile vocabulary learning app based on character animation. For this purpose, we applied the learning application designed with character animation and text, and the application designed with text only to two groups of learners, and analyzed the effect. As a result, we found that application designed with character animation and text was useful in recognition frequency and duration concerning learning. Regarding learning outcomes, we found that it is useful not only in memory but also in learning interest and motivation. This study provides implications for learning method and design development of mobile-based foreign language vocabulary learning application which actively using recently.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2001

Recently, the consumption of soy products has been associated with low rates of hormone-dependent and hormone-independent cancers. Asians, who consume $20{\sim}50times$ more soy per capita than Americans, have lower incidence and death rates from breast and prostate cancer. Because soy contains the isoflavones genistein and daidzein (present as their glycosidic conjugates) at mg/g concentrations, it has been suggested that isoflavones might be acting as natural chemopreventive agents. During the 1980s several groups of investigators carried out experiments to test the effectiveness of soy in the diet in animal models of cancer. These studies reported a protective effect of soy; none showed that soy increased cancer risk. Genistein was shown to inhibit the growth of a wide variety of tumor cell types in culture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of genistein on the carcinogenesis induced by topical application of 0.5% 9, 10-dimethyl 1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) on the hamster buccal pouch. 48 syrian hamsters were employed in this study, divided into experimental group and control. 24 animals (DMBA topical application group) had the right buccal pouch painted 3times weekly with 0.5% DMBA in mineral oil, 24 animals (genistein group) were supplied with 0.1mg genistein with DMBA topical application. 3 animals in the experimental group and control were sacrificed at serially each other week after experiments. Their buccal pouches were removed and routinely processed for microscopic examination. The results were as follows: 1. In DMBA topical application and genistein group, they showed carcinogenesis as time goes by experimental stage. 2. Genistein group was retarded in carcinogenesis related to the acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, epithelial dysplasia. 3. p53 immunohistochemical study showed that the p53 protein of genistein group was less expressed than that of the control group. Thus, it seems that genistein has chemopreventive effect on the carcinogenesis in the oral cavity, but further study is required to elucidate the anticancer mechanism of genistein.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.5-15
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of electroanalgeia and $\beta-endorphin$ action by acupuncture-like (Lof/Hil) transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) applied to acupuncture points. Twelve healthy adult male aged between 19 ann 25 were randomly assigned to TENS group (n=6) and naloxone group (n=6). Subjects of both groups were strongly stimulated TENS with 4 pps and $200{\mu}s$ for 30 minutes on the LI 3 and LI 10 meridian points of dominant am. Naloxone group was injected naloxone hydrochloride before TENS application. The experimental pain threshold was measured by chronaxie meter CX-2 on the distal end of radius just before and after TENS application. The levels of plasma $\beta-endorphin$ and ACTH. serum cortisol and urinary 17-OHCS were analyzed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits before and after TENS application. In TENS group, there was a significant increase of experimental pain threshold (p<0.01), plasma $\beta-endorphin$ level (p<0.05), serum cortisol level (p<0,001) and urinary 17-OHCS levels (p<0.05) after TENS application. The plasma ACTH level was not significantly increased, but it showed an increasing tendency. In naloxone group, although there was a decreasing trend, ACTH and cortisol level did not show a significant change, but $\beta-endorphin$ and 17-OHCS level were significantly decreased (p<0.01). The result of this study stewed that acupuncture-like TENS induced analgesic effect, such that the levels of plasma $\beta-endorphin$, plasma ACTH, serum cortisol and urinary 17-OHCS were concomitantly increased with experimental pain threshold. It is suggested that the analgesic mechanism of the acupuncture-like TENS probably related to endogenous opioid component such as $\beta-endorphin$.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.749-760
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• 1998

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dentin with various pretreatment application time on the dentin surface structure and the bond strength of glass ionomer restorative matrials between primary and permanent tooth. There are difference of composition, structure and pretreated effect of dentin conditioning between the primary and permanent teeth. Inspite of thease fact, we used the same application time of permanent tooth. This study intends to determine the most effective application time using SEM analysis of the surface change by dentin conditioning. Forty five intact primary and permanent teeth were splited mesiodistally with seperating diamond disk. Each eight specimens were prepared for shear bond strength test. (randomely devided eight group as follows:) group I conditioning for five seconds group II conditioning for ten seconds group III conditioning for fifteen seconds group IV conditioning for twenty seconds Additional specimens were prepared to SEM analysis. The result are as follows: 1. Primary teeth are higher shear bond strength in group I and group II. 2. There was no statistically significant difference between primary and permanent teeth in group III and group IV. 3. In SEM analysis, smear layer removal by dentin pretreatment of primary teeth was faster than permanent teeth. Primary teeth may require shorter pretreatment time of dentin for G-I restoration than that of permanent teeth.