• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.101-112
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among self-esteem, degree of appearance concern, clothing attitude and make-up to serve as a basis for the development of more differentiated marketing program for clothing and cosmetics industries that takes the delicate psychological characteristics of women into account. The subjects of this study were 936 adult woman from the age of 20 to the age of 40 living in Daegu. The data were analyzed by using MAVOVA, ANOVA, frequency analysis, the analysis of confidence coefficient and the Cronbach's $\alpha$ were also applied. The result of this study were summarized as follows : 1. The group with a high degree of self-esteem was found out to pursue fashion and interest more than the group with a low degree of self-esteem. The group with a low degree of self-esteem was found out to have higher conformity than the group with a high degree of self-esteem. It was found out that the group with a high degree of self-esteem shows a higher degree of make-up than the group with a low degree of self-esteem. 2. The group with a high degree of appearance concern was found out to pursue fashion and interest more than the group with a low degree of appearance concern. It was found out that the group with a low degree of appearance concern shows a higher conformity than the group with a high degree of appearance concern. The group with a high degree of appearance concern shows a higher degree of makeup than the group with a low degree of appearance concern.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.8
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• pp.33-45
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• 2016

This study classified respondents by degree of obesity using Body Mass Index(BMI) and investigated the differences in self-esteem, food lifestyle, social-cultural attitudes towards appearance, and diet-related attitude and behavior such as trial number of diet, exercise time and period, use of diet information, interest in weight control, diet motivation, and dietetic therapy. A survey was conducted with 258 adults between the ages of 20 and 29 who lived in Daegu and Uijeongbu from November $17^{th}$ to December $14^{th}$ 2014. Data collected from the respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analyses, analyses of variance and chi-square tests. This study divided the respondents into three groups (the underweight, the normal weight, the overweight) according to Body Mass Index. The results showed that there were significant differences in food lifestyle (health-conscious, popularity-seeking, taste-seeking), social-cultural attitudes towards appearance, exercise time and period, use of diet information, interest in weight control, diet motivation, and dietetic therapy among groups classified by degree of obesity. However, there were no differences in self-esteem, convenience-seeking, and trial number of diet among them.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.55-56
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyse body and cosmetic image according to women's sex role identity. The subjects of this study were 433 women over 20 years old. Self-administered questionnaires were used for data collection. SPSS(Ver. 15.0) was used for mean, median, frequency, percentages, factor analysis, and one-way ANOVA. The results of this study were as followed; First, women were clustered into 4 groups according to their sex role identity. 36.5% was classified as an androgynous group, 32.4% was a undifferentiated group, 16.1% was a masculine group, and 15.0% was a feminine group. Second, factors of women's body image were interest in appearance, interest in weight, and charming of appearance. Factors of cosmetic image were natural & sociable, urban & intellect, passionate, romantic, prestige & sophisticate, fashionable & splender, active, feminine, and formal. Third, Androgynous group showed much interests in appearance and charming of appearance, but undifferentiated group had low interests. Androgynous group pursued natural & sociable, urban & intellect, passionate, romantic, prestige & sophisticate, fashionable & splendor, active, feminine, and formal images most when they applied make-ups. Masculine group pursued urban & intellect and active images much and femme group pursued natural & sociable, feminine, and formal images much. However undifferentiated group pursued all factors of cosmetic images less. Forth, androgynous group applied more kinds of cosmetics, but undifferentiated group applied less.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.192-206
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• 2012

This study aimed to examine the effects of demographic variables, stress, appearance management behavior, and family environment on self-esteem with the subjects of high school students with serious stress and great interest in appearance among the adolescences. This research was conducted during June, 2012, and the research method employed was the questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of the contents about self-esteem, stress, appearance management behavior, and demographical variables. Regarding the adolescents' stress, generally, influential variables include relationship with parents and friends, school records, or school life satisfaction. And the adolescences' self-esteem was the crucial variable to indicated socio-psychological adaptation. And it was related with stress or appearance management behavior.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.141-150
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• 2020

This study examined the experience of cosmetic surgery and its related factors in order to establish the correct values for female college students' appearance. Data were collected from 283 female college students in Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, and Jeolla-do provinces, and analyzed by Chi-square test, T-test and Binary logistic regression using SPSS 18.0 program. As a result, the experience rate of cosmetic surgery was 66.1%, and the experience of cosmetic surgery was high as the grade was increased. The most common source of information was 'family and people around' at 45.9%, and the cosmetic surgery type 'eye surgery' was the highest at 25.8%. Appearance of interest and cosmetic surgery recognition were higher than those who had no cosmetic surgery experience. Factors related to cosmetic surgery experience were grade, allowance, and appearance interest. It is necessary to prepare basic data on cosmetic information and to develop a program to establish proper beauty values, and education and counseling to make rational decisions about cosmetic surgery will be required.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.7
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• pp.68-81
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• 2014

This study was conducted to demonstrate the differences in people's beauty involvement, hair attitude and cognitive in accordance with their interest in celebrities and television. Also, the difference between cognitive age and real age was studied. Research subjects were females aged 20s to 50s living in Seoul and the surrounding metropolitan areas. The SPSS 19.0 was used for data analysis. The results were as follows: First, the involvement in TV entertainers' was categorized into "TV entertainer fashion fan group," "TV entertainer follower group," and "TV program interest group." Second, The involvement of beauty was divided into skin management and expression, body management, makeup and hair attitude. The factors for hair attitude come from the following four actors: "hair creator fan group", "hair homeostasis-oriented," "hair differentiation factor," and "hair personnel-oriented group." Third, the analysis for the differences in the involvement of beauty based on the people's interest in TV appearances of entertainers was that there was a significant difference in skin care and expression, body management, makeup and hair attitude. The interest groups for the entertainers' TV appearances showed the highest in all of the above categories. Fourth, The analysis for the cognitive age for the "TV entertainer interest group" showed little difference in cognitive age, age of sensibility, age of physical appearance, behavior age, and age of interest. Fifth, The result for the difference in the actual age and cognitive age for different age groups showed that there was a little difference in average cognitive age including the age of sensibility, age of physical appearance, behavior age, and age of interest.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.461-479
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• 2017

This study was to investigate the appearance orientation and body shape management of adolescents in Daejeon. A survey was performed from December 16th~28th 2015 and 355 respondents were collected for analysis. 45.9% of the subjects were middle school students, whereas 54.1% of them were high school ones. The female and high school students tended to show higher ratings in lookism tendency and interests in beauty care, whereas male and middle school students tended to show higher ratings in physical satisfaction than the others. More than 40% of the respondents perceived them fatter than the standard weight, in particular, girls and the ones with opposite-sex friend perceived them fatter than their actual conditions. On body shape satisfaction, female and high school students indicated lower satisfaction. For body shape management, 75% of the female and 40% of the male students had tried weight control. The frequency and the duration time of exercise had higher for boys than girls, and the ones with opposite-sex friend than without. For methods of weight control, girls were more likely to do diet control, whereas boys were more committed to exercise. In general, students with high appearance orientation tended to control taking snacks and fast food or did diet control for body shape management. Conclusively, continued interest and guidance, not only at home but also in school, is required for students so that they can do proper body shape management to fulfill their appearance orientation and they will improve academic performance by gaining confidence through their appearance satisfaction.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.88-100
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• 2015

In our increasingly aged society, the term centenarian, meaning people 100 years old or older, is used more and more frequently. Indeed, anticipating long life, middle-aged to advanced-age people have changed their lifestyles to purchase goods for themselves. In addition, as the social trend of careful grooming for positive appearance spreads within the Korean society, the demand for senior male cosmetic products is likely to grow as the society ages further. However, previous large studies on the market for senior male cosmetics are limited. Since information is lacking about senior male consumers' awareness of cosmetics, this study examined their use of cosmetic products, purchase behaviors, and demand for cosmetics in order to explore correlations among interest levels in appearance, cosmetic purchase behavior, and cosmetic demand levels through diverse factors related to multiple variables. The results of this study were as follows : First, the more senior men managed their practical appearance, the more frequent their functional and psychological purchase behaviors. Second, the higher their practical purchase behavior, the stronger their demand for reasonable cosmetic prices. Third, the higher their value-oriented purchase behavior, the stronger the demand for greater product diversity. This study investigated men aged 50 or older residing in Seoul. Therefore, generalizing the findings of this study will be limited. Relevant subsequent studies should examine men aged 50 or older in each Korean region and more clearly identify the correlations among interest in appearance, cosmetic product purchase behavior, and cosmetic product demand using various factors related to multiple variables.

• Proceedings of KHEA Conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.257-257
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• 1997

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.608-618
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to offer basic data to global fashion market by surveying differences between lifestyle of women in Korea and America and their clothing behavior with female consumers in 30s in Korea or America with each other cultural background, comparing/analyzing differences between lifestyle and clothing behavior according to Korea and America and making a close inquiry into an effect of lifestyle on clothing behavior. The results of the study were as follows. First, when the study carried out factor analysis of lifestyle, five factors- outward appearance-oriented, leisure-oriented, family-centered, information-oriented and economy- oriented-were deducted. In outward appearance-oriented lifestyle and information-oriented lifestyle, the women in Korea were higher than the women in America. In family-centered lifestyle, the women in America were higher than the women in Korea. Second, when the study carried out factor analysis of clothing behavior, eight factors- aesthetics, indifference, interest, economical feasibility, sympathy, planning, brand-oriented tendency and individuality-were deducted. In interest, sympathy, planning and individuality, the women in Korea were higher than the women in America. On the other hand, in indifference and economical feasibility, the women in America were higher than the women in Korea. Third, in the women in Korea, their lifestyle had an effect on aesthetics, indifference, interest and brand-oriented tendency. Especially, information-oriented lifestyle had an effect on four clothing behaviors. In the Korean women, their outward appearance-oriented and leisure-oriented lifestyles had an effect on only aesthetics, indifference and interest.