• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to identify the degree of anxiety and depression related to infection control and job stress in clinical nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, it seeks to identify the effects of depression. Finally, it intends to develop intervention measures to prevent depression in clinical nurses during epidemics of new infectious diseases and prepare basic data for developing educational programs. Methods: Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire survey administered to 208 nurses. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS (Version 26.0) statistics program. Results: The correlation analysis between participant depression, anxiety, and infection control job stress found that depression had a positive correlation with anxiety (r=.63, p<.001) and infection control work stress (r=.26, p<.001). Anxiety (β=0.60, p<.001) was found to significantly affect participant depression with an explanatory power of 40.2%, confirming that higher anxiety levels induce increased depression. Conclusion: Based on the above results, anxiety is confirmed to be a factor that affects depression. Accordingly, education is required to strengthen individuals' physical and mental capabilities and promote a safe working environment, including providing sufficient personal protective devices and other appropriate gear to defend clinical nurses against outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases at medical institutions and through healthcare policies. Other considerations should include sufficient rest hours and paying additional benefits for nurses caring for patients with severe confirmed COVID-19.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.87-97
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among sleep quality, heart rate variability (HRV), fatigue, depression, and anxiety reported by Korean adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 208 adults aged 20~60 years was conducted using a short-term HRV analysis and self-reported questionnaires of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Fatigue Severity Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and State Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results: Subjects with good sleep quality (PSQI $score{\leq}5$) had higher HRV total power (t=2.03, p=.043) and high-frequency (t=2.04, p=.043) with lower fatigue (t=-4.08, p<.001), depressive mood (t=-3.66, p<.001), and trait anxiety (t=-3.84, p<.001) than subjects with poor sleep quality. Poor sleep quality was negatively correlated with HRV total power (r=-.17, p=.016), high-frequency (r=-.14, p=.049), and positively fatigue (r=.39, p<.001), depression (r=.44, p<.001), state anxiety (r=.23, p=.001) and trait anxiety (r=.34, p<.001). Conclusion: The results indicated that sleep quality is correlated with HRV which reflects the activities of the autonomic nerve system, fatigue, depression, and anxiety in adults.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-68
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to systematically review thread-embedding treatment studies for depression, anxiety, and dementia and examine the effectiveness and safety of thread-embedding treatment. Methods: Ten domestic and international search databases were used for study selection, including CNKI, PubMed, CENTRAL, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, PsycArticles, RISS, OASIS, and KCI. We included studies that presented diagnostic or appropriate criteria for depression, anxiety, and dementia, and randomized control studies using thread-embedding therapy. We searched papers published until October 10, 2023. Results: Twenty-one studies were selected, of which 11 studies were conducted on depression, nine on dementia, and one on anxiety disorders. The most commonly used acupoint for depression was Gansu (BL18), whereas zusanli (ST36) and fenglong (ST40) were used for dementia. The most commonly used type of thread was 1-0 United States pharmacopeia (USP) and 1 cm for depression and 2-0 USP and 1 cm for dementia. The treatment period for most of the studies was once every 2 weeks and for 8 weeks. Among the included studies, 17 showed significant improvements in depression scales, such as Hamilton depression rating scale and Self rating depression scale, activities of daily living scales, and cognitive function scales, such as Hasegawa dementia scale and Mini-mental state examination. Six studies reported adverse events, and no studies reported significant adverse events. Two studies reported follow-ups. Conclusions: This study presents limited evidence for the effectiveness and safety of thread-embedding therapy for depression, anxiety, and dementia. Well-designed studies are needed to review the clinical efficacy and safety of thread-embedding therapy in the future.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.644-655
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• 2015

This study was planned to examine the moderating effects of depression and anxiety and the relationship between online game addiction and adolescents' delinquency. Data were collected from children and youth's mental health advocacy research by National Youth Policy Institute. The subjects were 409 adolescents aged between 14 and 18. Correlational analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were conducted to test research hypotheses. Results of this study were as follows: first, online game addiction had a significant positive relations with adolescents' delinquency. Second, depression and anxiety were significant positive relations with each other. And depression and anxiety were significant positive relations with adolescents' delinquency. The result from hierarchical regression analysis showed that significant moderating effect of depression was found. But the result wasn't exhibited twithin hat the two-way interaction effects of depression. On the other hand, result from hierarchical regression analysis showed that significant moderating effect of anxiety wasn't found. In conclusion, this study proposed the need for counseling approach focused on 'depression' in order to reduce the adolescent's delinquency.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 2006

Purpose: To explore the effect of lavender fragrance on depression and anxiety of nursing students intending to take the national licensing examination. Methods: Twenty-four nursing students were studied for one week during which they underwent lavender fragrance treatment using a necklace. All subjects were in the department of nursing in 'K' college. Before and after treatment, the severity of depression and anxiety was evaluated by questionnaire. Results: After treatment, the severity of depression had not decreased significantly (p=.139) but the severity of anxiety had (p=.030). Conclusion: According to the study results, it can be concluded that lavender fragrance showed an effect on anxiety among nursing students intending to take the national licensing examination and choose a job.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.917-926
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to identify the influence of ego integrity on death anxiety of the elderly, mediated by depression based on Erikson theory(1963). For this study, 313 elderly over 60 years old in Daegu city participated in a survey. The data of the survey was analyzed using SPSS 15.0 and Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) with AMOS 7.0. The results of the study are as follows: ego integrity of the elderly does not influence death anxiety due to the suppressing effect of depression. However, depression does mediate the relation between ego integrity and death anxiety fully. Such findings suggest that the Erikson theory can also be applied to elderly Korean citizens. A practical benefit derived from the study's results is the proposition to implement a reminiscence program, reinforce depression treatment and prevention systems, and augment a death awareness movement for elderly.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.733-741
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was a descriptive survey research to identify the impact of bowel function, anxiety and depression on quality of life in patients with rectal cancer who had a sphincter-preserving resection. Methods: Participants were 100 patients who had rectal cancer surgery at W hospital in Korea. Bowel function, anxiety & depression, and quality of life were measured using the BFI (Bowel Function Instrument), HADS (Hospital Anxiety-Depression Scale) and the FACT-C (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colorectal). Results: The mean scores were $39.81{\pm}5.16$ for bowel function, $6.15{\pm}3.25$ for anxiety, $7.24{\pm}3.13$ for depression, and $72.50{\pm}13.27$ for quality of life. There were significant negative correlations between quality of life and anxiety (r= -.59, p <.001) and between quality of life and depression (r= -.53, p <.001). But the correlation between quality of life and bowel function was significantly positive (r=.22, p =.025). The influence of the independent variables on the total quality of life was examined using multiple regression analysis. Anxiety (${\beta}$= -.38, p =.002), bowel function (${\beta}$= -.25, p =.028) and occupation (${\beta}$=.16, p =.048) were identified as factors affecting quality of life. The explanation power of this regression model was 44% and it was statistically significant (F=16.53, p <.001). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that in order to improve the bowel function of patients after sphincter-preserving resection for rectal cancer, effective nursing interventions should be developed. As psychological problem such as anxiety and depression can relate to quality of life for these patients, nurses should work on improving the situation by providing continuous emotional nursing.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in anxiety and depression symptoms, comorbidity according to the patterns of temperament and character in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods : The temperament and character inventory (TCI), beck depression inventory (BDI) and beck anxiety inventory (BAI) were administered to 151 PTSD patients classified into four groups of adaptation, vulnerable temperament, immature personality and composite vulnerability according to the results of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). MANOVA and Chi-square tests were conducted to analyze differences in BDI, BAI, temperament and character scores and rate of comorbid disorders between the four groups. Results : The immature character and complex vulnerability group showed the higher rate of comorbid depression disorder. Anxiety and depression severity were significantly different among groups, especially depression severity had higher scores in the immature character and complex vulnerability groups and anxiety severity had higher scores in the complex vulnerability group than adaptive group. The immature character and complex vulnerability groups showed significantly lower score on the temperament scale of reward dependence and persistent. Conclusion : The results demonstrate the significance of adaptive characteristics on anxiety and depression symptoms regardless of vulnerable temperaments, and its consequent role in the management of character factors relative to intervention regarding PTSD.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.443-452
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• 2018

The main objectives of this study are to examine the effects of social capital and anxiety on the depression of the adolescent and to examine the moderating effect of self-awareness on the relationship between social capital and depression, and anxiety and depression. To do this, we analyzed the data obtained from Social and Psychological Anxiety Survey of Korean Society in 2015. The subject is 4,724 adolescent aged 14-18 years. To investigate the moderating effects of variable, we conducted a hierarchial regression analysis and confirmed the explanatory force change. As a result of that, first, social capital, anxiety and self-awareness all had a direct effects on depression. This results show that the better social capital, the lower anxiety, and the higher self-awareness is, the lower depression is. Second, it was found that self-awareness was moderating variable in the relationship of social capital and depression, and the relationship of anxiety and depression. Based on this results, this study has proposed the implications and limitations of the study and suggestions for further study.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.125-130
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• 2018

Purpose: The etiology of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) is complex and multifactorial including trauma, anatomical, pathophysiological, social and psychological factors. Psychological factors can induce or sustain TMDs in various ways. And psychological problems, such as anxiety and depression can be occurred due to TMDs. Therefore, evaluation of psychological factors in patients with TMDs is important. Although disc displacement (DD) is crucial in clinical situation, most of studies have focused on the relationship of psychosocial factors and myofascial pain. And also, Subtypes of DD can cause different degrees of discomfort, it is necessary to evaluate the psychological states of the patients according to the subtype. The Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) is one of the self-report questionnaire to evaluate the psychological factors. HADS-Anxiety (HADS-A) and HADS-Depression (HADS-D) are assessed through 14 questions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate anxiety and depression assessed by HADS in patients diagnosed with subtypes of DD according to diagnostic criteria for TMDs. Methods: Four hundred thirty nine patients were diagnosed as one of the subtypes of DD. One hundred fourty nine subjects with no symptoms were set as control groups. All of them answered the HADS for Koreans. The cut-off score for anxiety and depression was set a score of 8. The chi-square test was performed to evaluate association between DD and anxiety/depression. Results: There was a significant difference in HADS-D between five groups (p<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in HADS-A. All the DD groups showed a significant difference in HADS-D compared with the control group except the DD without reduction without limited opening group. The DD without reduction with limited opening group showed the highest rates in HADS-D (40.4%). Conclusions: Based on the above results, it is necessary to consider the depression in treatment of the patients with DDs.